Kev Tsov Rog Khab Loj Loj yog cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm North America hauv 16th-19th centuries ntawm Indians thiab European conquerors. Cov Fabkis, Mev, Askiv thiab Dutch tau koom nrog lawv.
Thawj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb
Thawj qhov kev sib cav ntawm cov neeg hauv tebchaws Asmeskas thiab cov neeg tawm tsam tau tshwm sim rov qab rau xyoo pua 16:
- hauv 1528 - nrog cov conquistadors nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Panfilo de Narvaez;
- hauv 1535 - nrog Fabkis nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Jacques Cartier;
- xyoo 1539-1541 - nrog cov tub rog ntawm tus tswv xeev Cuba, conquistador Hernando de Soto;
- hauv 1540-1542 - nrog cov neeg Mev nyob hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Francisco Vasquez de Coronado;
- hauv 1594 - nrog Spanish detachment ntawm Antonio Gutierrez;
- hauv 1598-1599 thiab hauv 1603 nrog kev tsim ntawm Juan de Onyante.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av thiab Powhatan Indians txuas ntxiv hauv Virginia hauv 1622, thiab hauv 1637 hauv New England nrog pawg Pequot. Nyob rau hauv 1675-1676, British invaders pib ua tsov rog Indian tshiab nrog Wampanoa, coj los ntawm tus thawj coj Metacomet, thiab pab pawg neeg phooj ywg rau nws. Raws li qhov tshwm simTus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg Khab nyob hauv cheeb tsam no tau txo qis los ntawm 15 mus rau 4 txhiab, feem ntau ntawm Indian chaw nyob tau raug puas tsuaj tag.
fawm ntxiv
Maj mam, cov neeg European tau tsiv tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab hnub tuaj tob rau hauv North America, nthuav tawm kev ua tsov rog Indian tshiab. Yog li, xyoo 1675, kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog Susquehanocks pib, thiab Iroquois raug rub mus rau hauv kev ua phem. Los ntawm 1711 txog 1715, Kev Tsov Rog Tuscarora kav ntev, uas ob peb pawg neeg Indian koom.
Nyob rau hauv kev sib zog kom yeej kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov pej xeem hauv tebchaws Amelikas txhawm rau ua tiav kev tswj hwm nyob rau sab av loj, ob lub tebchaws Askiv thiab Fabkis tau koom nrog lawv. Xyoo 1689-1697, Tebchaws Askiv thiab Fabkis tau sib ntaus sib tua tsis yog hauv Tebchaws Europe xwb, tabsis tseem nyob rau North America. Cov xwm txheej no tau raug hu ua King William's Wars.
Indians kuj tseem sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev ua tsov rog nyob nruab nrab ntawm Spanish, Fabkis thiab Askiv invaders. Lub npe hu ua Poj huab tais Anne's War nyob rau hauv 1702-1713 thov ntau lub neej ntawm cov neeg Khab ntawm ntau pawg neeg. 1744-1748 - qhov no yog lub sijhawm Tsov Rog ntawm King George, uas tau tshwm sim txawm tias tau kos npe rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb ntawm Utrecht.
Union of pab pawg
Fab Kis thiab Khab Tsov Rog ntawm 1755-1763 yog qhov kawg ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Askiv thiab Fabkis hauv North America.
Pontiac.
Cov Neeg Khab Khab tau tswj xyuas feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog Askiv nyob ze ntawm Ohio River thiab Great Lakes, tuav Detroit thiab Fort Pitt. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1766 lawv raug yuam kom tsis txhob tawm tsam thiab lees paub txoj cai ntawm British crown.
Lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Tawm Tsam xyoo 1775-1783, feem coob ntawm cov neeg Khab Khaublig tau tawm tsam cov neeg ntxeev siab, tom qab ntawd cov kev tawm tsam no tau hu ua Chickamauga War.
Kev swb ntawm Isdias Asmesliskas thiab kev sib cog lus cog lus
Hauv xyoo 1779, cov tub rog nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Generals John Sullivan thiab John Clinton tau tshem tawm thiab hlawv ntau tshaj 40 Iroquois chaw nyob thiab suav tsis txheeb lub zos Shawnee. Tom qab 1787, lub colonization ntawm qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Amelikas tau ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev rov pib ua phem. Xyoo 1790, lub npe hu ua Little Vaub Tsov Rog pib, uas xaus nrog kev swb ntawm Algonquin Indians hauv 1795.
Nyob rau xyoo pua 19th, Shawnee Indians nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Thawj Coj Tecumseh tau sim tiv thaiv kev ua ntej ntawm cov neeg txawv tebchaws invaders nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Asmeskas. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1811, nyob ze ntawm tus dej Tippecane (ib thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev Indiana tam sim no), Tecumseh cov tub rog tau tawm tsam cov tub rog ntawm General Henry Harrison, vim tias cov neeg Khab tau swb thiab rov qab los. Tom qab ntawd, tus thawj coj tau nkag mus rau hauv kev cog lus nrog cov neeg Askiv thiab nyiam ntau pawg neeg rau lawv sab los koom nrog Anglo-American tsov rog, uas tau mus txij xyoo 1812 txog 1814.
Lwm Neeg Asmeskas Khab Tsov Rog(1813–1850)
Nyob rau xyoo 1813, Kev Tsov Rog ntawm Screams pib thiab kav ib xyoos, xaus nrog kev yeej ntawm General Andrew Jackson, uas tau kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab rog nyob ze ntawm Horseshoe Khoov. Xyoo 1817, General Jackson tau tawm tsam Florida nrog nws cov tub rog thiab kov yeej Seminole thiab lawv cov tub qhe qub. Xyoo 1818, kev sib ntaus sib tua xaus, hauv keeb kwm lawv hu ua Thawj Seminole Tsov Rog.
Teb Chaws Asmeskas Congress hauv 1830 tau dhau Txoj Cai Tshem Tawm Indian. Nws tau tham txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Atlantic mus rau thaj chaw nyob sab hnub poob ntawm Mississippi River. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib cav sib ceg tshiab nrog cov neeg Fox thiab Sauk hauv 1832 (Black Hawk War). Thiab tseem nrog Creek hauv 1836 thiab Seminole los ntawm 1835 txog 1842 (Seminole War thib ob).
Nyob rau xyoo 1847-1850, cov tub ceev xwm pib ua tsov rog nrog pawg Cayus hauv thaj av ntawm cov xeev tam sim no ntawm Idaho, Washington thiab Oregon.
Txheej xwm tom qab 1850
Kev sib ntaus sib tua txuas ntxiv txij xyoo 1855 txog 1856 ntawm Horn River nrog cov pab pawg Tututni thiab Takelma. Tib lub sijhawm, Kev Tsov Rog Yakima nrog cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm Yakima, Yumatilla thiab Walla Walla tab tom mus.
Indian tsov rog coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias tag nrho cov pab pawg neeg thaum kawg tau tsiv mus nyob rau qhov tshwj xeeb. Qee tus ntawm lawv (Mojave, Yuma, Jicarilla Apaches) nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws, tau ntsib kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov tub rog Asmeskas niaj hnub, pib nrhiav txoj hauv kev sib haum xeeb los daws qhov teeb meem. Tiamsis tsis tau muab rau lawv.
Los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, cov tub rog txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam loj rau thaj av ntawm cov neeg Khab thiab lawv txoj kev puas tsuaj tag nrho. Txawm hais tias qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv lub zog thiab riam phom, Navajo thiab Apache, zoo li lwm pab pawg, txuas ntxiv kev sib ntaus sib tua staunchly thiab selflessly tawm tsam cov tub rog niaj hnub. Lawv qhov kev tawm tsam tau dhau los ntawm 1863 txog 1866. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog no yog kev hloov chaw ntawm Navajo ntawm kev tshwj tseg thiab kev tso siab rau Apaches hauv 1886.
Kev tua poj niam thiab menyuam
Cov Comanches tau tawm tsam tawv ncauj tawm tsam cov European conquerors hauv Great Plains, ob qho tib si tawm tsam cov neeg Mev thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th thiab xyoo 1874-1875 nrog cov tub rog ntawm General Philip Sheridan (Red River War).
Kev tawm tsam Dakota pab pawg xyoo 1862-1863, hu ua Crow-Red Cloud War of 1866-1868, yog kev sib ntaus sib tua loj.
Kev tsov kev rog ntawm haiv neeg Khab ntawm North America - Arapaho thiab Cheyenne - xaus nrog kev tua neeg ntawm Sand Creek thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1864, thaum cov tub rog ntawm Colonel John Chivington tau tawm tsam cov neeg Khab nyob thaj yeeb, tua poj niam thiab menyuam yaus hauv cov txheej txheem.. Xyoo 1867, Cheyenne thiab Dakota pab pawg, sib sau ua ke, rhuav tshem cov tub rog ntawm George Custer ntawm Little Bighorn River, tab sis xyoo 1877 cov tub rog Khab tau swb tag nrho hauv Dub Hills Tsov Rog.
xov xwm tshiab
Nyob rau xyoo 1871, raws li tsab cai lij choj dhau los ntawm US Congress, cov tub ceev xwm pib qhov loj-loj yuam kev tsiv ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv North America mus rau 118 qhov tshwj xeeb. Tib lub sijhawm, los ntawm kev txhais lawv cov ciam teb, Asmeskas cov tub ceev xwm tau tshem tawm cov neeg Khab ntau dua35 lab hectares av.
Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, cov neeg Khab Khab raug txo qis: tsis muaj kev cai pej xeem, lawv tau ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab. Txoj kev ua zaum kawg ntawm Khab Tsov Rog Khab yog suav tias yog kev tua neeg phem tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo 1890 ntawm Wounded Knee, uas cov tub rog Asmeskas cov tub rog rhuav tshem cov kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Lakota, Hunkpapa thiab Minnekonzhu pab pawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov hluav taws kub tau raug rho tawm txawm hais tias tus chij dawb tau tsa, thiab cov poj niam thiab menyuam yaus tseem nyob hauv lub yeej.
Qee cov keeb kwm hais tias ntau tshaj li ib lab Indians tuag thaum lub sij hawm Indian tsov rog ntawm 1540-1890, lwm tus neeg sib cav hais tias daim duab no underestimated tsawg kawg yog peb zaug. Keeb kwm nws tus kheej qhia tau hais tias cov European conquerors tau npaj mus ua txhaum cai thiab tsis nres ntawm ib yam dab tsi kom ua tiav lawv cov hom phiaj.
