Thaum pib yog papyrus
Peb hu li cas ntawv, tsis muaj lub neej ua haujlwm niaj hnub no tsuas yog xav tsis thoob, tsis yog ib daim ntawv A4. Yog li ntawd, lo lus nug ntawm qhov twg daim ntawv yog invented tsis tau teb unambiguously. Plaub txhiab xyoo dhau los, cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub siv papyrus los sau. Sab saum toj txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij tau ua tib zoo tshem tawm ntawm stems. Cov ntawv nyias nyias tau muab tso rau ntawm ib leeg thiab tuav hauv qhov hnyav. Glued thiab qhuav papyrus nplooj ntawv thiab ua ntawv sau.
Nyob rau hauv ancient Russia, lub puab txheej ntawm birch bark yog siv los sau. Lub birch bark sau nrhiav pom los ntawm archaeologists hnub rov qab mus rau lub 11th-15th centuries. Txawm hais tias cov lus ntawm Arab kws sau ntawv Ibn-an-Nedim hais tias "hauv thaj av ntawm cov neeg Lavxias muaj cov ntawv sau rau ntawm cov ntoo dawb." Cov lus yog hnub tim 987. Qee cov lus dab neeg hais txog kev siv cov tsiaj ntawv tawv ntoo los ntawm North American Indians.
Qhov chaw yug ntawm daim ntawv
Lub teb chaws uas daim ntawv tau tsim, uas peb siv los txog niaj hnub no, muab lub ntiaj teb plooj (porcelain), ib lub compass, rab phom, foob pob hluav taws. Hais lus,tau kawg, hais txog Suav teb. Thiab yog tias cov npe ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm "harbingers" ntawm daim ntawv - papyrus scrolls thiab ntsiav tshuaj - tseem tsis paub, ces lub npe ntawm tus neeg tsim ntawv yog paub zoo heev. Nws yog Cai Lun, uas yog ib tug eunuch ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 105 AD, thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Han Dynasty.
Lub teb chaws uas daim ntawv tau tsim yog tsis cog birch groves. Mulberry, xyoob thiab nplej loj tuaj ntawm no. Cai Lun tsoo cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo mulberry. Kuv sib tov lub resulting sib tov nrog dej, hemp thiab ntoo tshauv, thiab ces muab tso rau ntawm ib tug xyoob ncej nrog ib tug grate. Kuv smoothed lub resulting txheej nrog ib lub pob zeb thiab qhuav nws nyob rau hauv lub hnub. Qhov no yog li cas thawj daim ntawv muab tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim technology tau txhim kho. Starch, silk fibers, dyes tau ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw tsim los ntawm Cai Lun, uas txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv zoo.
Txhua yam zais tau meej
Cov neeg nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, qhov twg daim ntawv tau tsim, ua tib zoo khaws cov lus zais ntawm nws cov khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau pua xyoo dhau los, cov tub lag luam Suav tau mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb nrog lawv cov khoom. Caravaners, tuaj txog hauv nroog tshiab, sib txuas lus, sib koom xov xwm. Rov qab mus rau lawv lub tebchaws, lawv tau tshaj tawm thoob plaws lub hiav txwv. Nws yog ib yam dab tsi zoo li kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb. Thiab qee qhov, hauv nroog Samarkand, cov tub lag luam Arab tau pom cov lus zais ntawm kev ua ntawv, thiab tau kawm, lawv tau coj mus rau Spain. Cov ntawv sau tau pib ntawm no hauv 1150. Tsis ntev los no cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv tau paub hauv txhua lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe.
Russia, ntawvntau lawm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Cov ntaub ntawv sau qhia tias nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th muaj 10 daim ntawv mills, 50 tuam txhab uas muag uas daim ntawv thiab cardboard yog ua los ntawm tes.
Tam sim no txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv paub qhov twg tshuaj yej tuaj, chopsticks, qhov twg daim ntawv tau tsim, feem ntau, cov khoom uas tau ruaj khov rau hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis paub yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov twg thawj lub tshuab tau tshwm sim los tsim cov ntawv hauv daim ntawv uas peb siv tam sim no. Thiab qhov xwm txheej no tau tshwm sim hauv Fabkis xyoo 1798. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv 1807, England patented lub primacy nyob rau hauv lub invention ntawm lub tshuab ua ntawv nyob rau hauv yob. Tsis ntev no kev tsim cov ntawv ntim khoom dav dav pib. Tab sis qhov ntawd yog lwm zaj dab neeg.
