Raws li tus kws tshawb fawb German zoo Friedrich Nietzsche ib zaug hais tias, "txhua yam paub txog kev sib piv." Qhov tseeb, tib neeg muaj ntau yam khoom thiab kev pabcuam. Cov neeg sib tw sib tw, xaiv lawv cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg koom tes rau tsev neeg lub neej. Yog li, lub hlwb, peb pheej sib piv ib yam dab tsi nrog ib leeg. Thiab txhawm rau nthuav tawm qhov no hais lus thiab sau ntawv, peb siv cov kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus uas qhia cov cim ntawm cov khoom, lwm yam cim lossis kev ua. Rau qhov no, muaj qib sib piv ntawm adverbs thiab adjectives, cov kev cai rau kev tsim uas peb yuav xav txog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.
Morphology
Ib qho lus piav qhia yog ib qho kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus uas tuaj yeem qhia txog kev ua haujlwm (khiav li cas? - nrawm; nyeem li cas? - ua tib zoo), kos npe ntawm ib qho kos npe (lit zoo li? - ci ntsa iab; muaj zog npaum li cas? - heev), thiab nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, ua ke nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm meej lub npe, ib tug kos npe rau ntawm qhov kev kawm (tseem ib tug me nyuam, nyeem nrov nrov). Hauv kab lus, lawv feem ntau nyob ib sab ntawm verbs, adjectives thiab lwm yam adverbs, ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm qhov xwm txheej, thiab yog hais tias lawv xa mus rau lub npe, ces txhais. Cov qib ntawm kev sib piv ntawm adverbs qhia qhov txawv los yog piv ntawm ob peb ua los yog ob pebcov paib, qhia txog ib qho ntawm ob lossis ib qho ntawm tag nrho. Thiab txij li thaum, raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev tsim thiab siv nyob rau hauv ib kab lus, lawv yog heev zoo ib yam li adjectives, nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau nco ntsoov lawv.
Lo lus siv
Qib kev sib piv ntawm cov lus qhia tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntu no ntawm kev hais lus uas ib txhij muaj txiaj ntsig-kev txiav txim siab, piv txwv li qhia qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb lossis kev ua. Piv txwv li: mus ceev ceev, sib ntaus sib tua siab tawv, hlub mos mos, ib lub teeb ci ntsa iab. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab qhov no sai dua, koj tuaj yeem nco qab qhov ua kom yuam kev yooj yim: qib ntawm kev sib piv tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov lus qhia uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau cov npe. Ceev - ceev, ua siab loj - ua siab loj, maj mam - maj mam, kaj - kaj, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau qhov seem ntawm adverbs ntawm lub sij hawm (ib txwm, lig), qhov chaw (nyob deb, ua ntej), vim li cas (involuntarily, rashly), lub hom phiaj (nyob rau hauv thuam, ntawm lub hom phiaj), ntsuas thiab degree (ntau, me ntsis), hom kev ua (ntawm ko taw, frowningly) nws yog qhov tsis yooj yim sua kom ua li ntawd. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias tsuas yog qualitative adverbs tau tsim los ntawm ib tug zoo xws li qeb ntawm adjectives los ntawm tshem tawm qhov xaus thiab ntxiv cov lus "-o".
Note
Los ntawm no ua raws li kev phom sij ntawm kev ua yuam kev hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev hais lus. Namely, luv luv ntawm adjectives yog yooj yim rau confuse nrog zoo adverbs. Piv txwv li, cia peb siv ob kab lus yooj yim: "Nws tso dag" thiab "Yog, nws lom zem." Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, lub adverb yog implied vim nwshais txog cov lus qhia (predicate), qhia txog lub cim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, yog li ntawd, teb cov lus nug "yuav ua li cas?" thiab yog qhov xwm txheej. Hauv kab lus thib ob, lo lus "siab" yog ib daim ntawv luv luv ntawm qhov adjective, nyob ntawm tus pronoun (subject), qhia txog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, teb cov lus nug "yog dab tsi?" thiab tseem ceeb raws li ib tug predicate. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ob ntu ntawm kev hais lus hauv kab lus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los soj ntsuam cov lus teeb meem saum toj no, thiab tom qab ntawd txhua yam yuav pom meej.
Yuav ua li cas los ua ib daim ntawv sib piv ntawm adverb
Muaj lwm qhov ua yuam kev tsis meej pem. Qhov teeb meem yog tias daim ntawv sib piv ntawm qib kev sib piv ntawm adverbs yog tsim raws nraim tib yam li rau adjectives, i.e. los ntawm kev ntxiv cov lus "-e, -ee, -ee, -she, -zhe" rau hauv paus, Qee zaum lawv raug txiav tawm lossis cov ntawv kawg raug hloov, thiab qee zaum cov lus tag nrho raug hloov kho. Piv txwv li, "nyob deb - ntxiv, ze - ze, zoo nkauj - zoo nkauj dua / zoo nkauj dua / zoo nkauj dua, zoo - zoo dua, me - tsawg." Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas tsim ib qho yooj yim (synthetic) daim ntawv ntawm cov degree ntawm kev sib piv ntawm adverbs tshwm sim, lub rooj yuav suav nrog nws nyob rau hauv qab ntawm thawj kab, thiab nws yog nws uas zoo tib yam rau cov adjectives nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Ntxiv dua thiab, cia peb coj ob kab lus ua piv txwv: "Nws dhia siab dua" thiab "Tus tub no siab dua." Kev tshuaj xyuas kuj tseem xav tau ntawm no: piv txwv li, hauv thawj qhov xwm txheej, qhov lus qhia no yog hais txog qhov ua piv txwv, txhais tau tias lub cim ntawm kev ua, teb cov lus nug "yuav ua li cas?", thiab hauv qhov piv txwv thib ob, nws yog ib qho adjective. Lwm daim ntawv ntawm cov degree ntawm kev sib piv (composite / analytical) rau cov noqhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus txawv, txawm hais tias nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, los ntawm kev ntxiv cov auxiliary lo lus "ntau" los yog "tsawg". Piv txwv li, "siab dua" thiab "tsawg ze" rau adjectives, "siab dua" thiab "tsawg ze" rau adverbs.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau zoo heev
Adverbs qhia piv tias rau ib qho kev nqis tes ua / tus cwj pwm, cov lus xaiv yog tus yam ntxwv ntau dua li lwm tus. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj lwm daim ntawv, uas yog hu ua "zoo heev". Nws txawv qhov kev txiav txim / tus cwj pwm los ntawm tag nrho, qhia nws nyob rau hauv qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib piv ntawm adverbs, thiab yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv ib tug auxiliary lo lus "tag nrho" (compound) los yog suffixes "-eishe, -aishe" (yooj yim). Cov yav tas yog ib txwm tsuas yog rau qee cov lus, feem ntau yog siv tsis tau (feem ntau txo hwj chim, qis tshaj), thiab yog li ntawd yog xyaum tsis qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, ib daim ntawv sib xyaw ntawm qib ntawm kev sib piv ntawm adverbs yog siv. Koj tuaj yeem xav txog kev tawm dag zog thiab piv txwv nrog nws los ntawm txhua lo lus: dhia qhov siab tshaj, ua qis tshaj, caij qhov deb tshaj plaws, ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thiab lwm yam.
