Nyob hauv tebchaws Iziv, koj tuaj yeem hnov cov lus pov thawj: "Txhua yam ntshai lub sijhawm, tab sis lub sijhawm ntshai ntawm lub pyramids …" Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub tsis tau paub tsuas yog tsim lub qhov ntxa thiab pe hawm tus vajtswv xwb. Ntawm lawv cov inventions yog hu ua reed cwj mem, papyrus ntawv thiab ntau lwm yam zoo sib xws.
1. Qhov muag pleev (qhov muag ntxoov ntxoo thiab eyeliner). 4000 BC e
Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub tau zoo siab heev rau lawv qhov tsos thiab nrhiav kev hais txog nws nrog pleev. Lawv yog thawj zaug rau nrov eyeshadow thiab eyeliner. Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws pleev palettes hnub rov qab mus rau 5000 BC. e. Cov xim ntau tshaj plaws yog ntsuab (los ntawm malachite, ntsuab tooj liab carbonate) thiab dub (galena, lead ore).
2. Reed ntawv. 3000 BC e
Ntawm cov kev vam meej thaum ub, cov neeg Iyiv yog thawj zaug siv papyrus, ib daim ntawv nyias ua los ntawm reeds loj hlob raws ntug dej ntawm tus Nile. Los ntawm A. D. 1000 e. nws tau raug xa tawm los ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws mus rau Western Asia vim nws yooj yim duacov ntsiav tshuaj av nplaum. Daim ntawv sau nrog tus cwj mem sau nrog tus cwj mem.
3. Kev sau ntawv (pitograms). Xyoo 3200 BC e
Kev sau ntawv Egyptian pib nrog cov duab, thawj zaug uas hnub rov qab mus rau 6000 BC. e. Lawv yog cov lus piav qhia yooj yim ntawm cov lus, thiab lwm cov ntsiab lus tau ntxiv rau lub sijhawm. Ntawm lawv yog cov cim ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv uas qhia txog tus kheej lub suab thiab cov duab, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm sau npe thiab cov ntsiab lus paub daws teeb meem.
4. Reed cwj mem thiab tus cwj mem dub. Xyoo 3200 BC e
Tsawg tus neeg paub lub npe ntawm tus cwj mem reed siv hauv kev sau ntawv. Kalam yog ib qho cuab yeej sau ntawv tsim los ntawm cov neeg Iyiv. Excavations nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm Tutankhamun coj ib qho kev npaj txhij txog nrhiav - ib tug tooj liab cwj mem, nyob rau hauv uas yog ib tug reed sau nrog number case. Nws suav hais tias yog thawj tus cwj mem qub qub. Tus cwj mem tau txais los ntawm nplawm soot, zaub resins lossis lwm yam kua nplaum zoo li hauv dej.
5. Ib tug plaw rub los ntawm oxen. 2500 BC e
Nyob ntawm ntug dej Nile, ua tsaug rau cov av silty, muaj av fertile heev. Lawv tau siv rau kev ua liaj ua teb. Kev tsim lub plows rub los ntawm oxen ua rau nws yooj yim rau cog qoob loo xws li nplej thiab zaub.
6. Mint Drops
Lub xeev ntawm cov hniav ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub tau tshuav ntau yam xav tau, kev tshawb fawb ntawm mummies ua tim khawv rau qhov no. RauTxhawm rau tua cov ntxhiab tsw, cov tshuaj mint tau tsim. Lawv suav nrog cinnamon, frankincense, myrrh thiab zib mu.
7. Saib
Yuav txiav txim siab lub sijhawm, cov neeg Iyiv tau tsim ob hom moos. Obelisks tau ua haujlwm raws li sundials, qhia txog kev txav ntawm tus duab ntxoov ntxoo thoob plaws hnub. Nov yog qhov ntev thiab luv tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo tau pom.
Hais txog qhov thib ob, dej moos, nws paub ua tsaug rau cov ntawv sau rau ntawm lub qhov ntxa ntawm lub tsev hais plaub Amenemhet, txij thaum xyoo pua 16 BC. e. Lawv muaj ib lub pob zeb nrog lub qhov me me hauv qab uas tso cai rau cov dej ntws mus tas li. Lub sij hawm raug cim los ntawm cov ntawv cim ntawm ntau qib. Tus pov thawj ntawm lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv Karnak hmo ntuj txiav txim lub sij hawm rau rituals.
8. Bowling
Hauv Narmuteos, thaj chaw 90 mais sab qab teb ntawm Cairo, archaeologists tau pom ib qho chaw bowling. Muaj cov khoom sib txawv thiab ib pawg ntawm cov lem. Tsis zoo li niaj hnub bowling, cov neeg Iyiv tsom rau ntawm lub qhov square hauv nruab nrab. Cov neeg sib tw sawv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txoj kev, lawv lub hom phiaj yog kom tau lub pob rau hauv lub qhov. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, lawv sim khob tus nrog sib ntaus lub pob tawm ntawm txoj kev.
9. Txhuam txhuam thiab muab tshuaj txhuam. 5000 BC e
Raws li tau hais dhau los, cov neeg Iyiv muaj teeb meem ntawm lawv cov hniav vim lawv cov khob cij muaj cov xuab zeb, uas ua rau cov enamel ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev. Archaeologists tau pom ib daim ntawv qhia rau cov tshuaj txhuam hniav sau rau ntawm papyrus. Tus kws sau ntawv tsis paub piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim "hmoov rau cov hniav dawb thiab zoo meej" los ntawm mint,pob zeb ntsev, peppercorns thiab qhuav iris paj.
10. Wig
Cov plaub hau cuav hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub tau siv los ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam. Ntau tus shaved lawv taub hau baldly los tiv thaiv cov ntshauv, thiab cov uas muaj peev xwm them taus nws hnav wigs. Ua nyob rau hauv ntau hom thiab scented nrog beeswax, lawv tau ua los ntawm tib neeg cov plaub hau, thiab tom qab hnub xibtes fibers.
11. Surgical Instruments
Lub Edwin Smith Papyrus qhia tias nws yog cov neeg Iyiv uas tau tsim kev phais. Nws piav txog 48 txoj kev phais mob rau lub taub hau, caj dab, sternum thiab lub xub pwg nyom.
Nws muaj cov npe ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, suav nrog tampons, hnav khaub ncaws, band-aids, thiab ntau dua. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Cairo nthuav tawm cov cuab yeej phais: scalpels, txiab, koob tooj liab, lancets, sojntsuam, forceps thiab ntau lwm yam.
