Zaj dab neeg hais txog kev muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev siv cov kua xim rau kev sau thiab kos duab: number case thiab number case, koj yuav tsum pib nrog cov keeb kwm luv luv ntawm ob qho tib si. Cia peb pib, ntawm chav kawm, nrog mascara raws li cov khoom qub tshaj plaws, cov kav ntev uas tau raug sim rau ntau txhiab xyoo.
keeb kwm ntawm qhov tsos thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm mascara
Cov xim no predated papyrus thiab ntawv. Cov kev cai qub ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws thiab Tuam Tshoj hais txog kev siv tus cwj mem kom zoo dua cov ntawv sau rau hauv pob zeb. Thaum pib, tus number case yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv improvised: carbon dub, rog, gelatin, musk, thiab lwm yam.
Nrog kev txhais cov ntawv sau los ntawm av nplaum thiab pob zeb rau papyrus, tus cwj mem tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Iziv thaum ub, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tam sim no, yog cov pob zeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag hlawv. Txhawm rau kom cov xim nyob ruaj khov, txhawm rau ua kom zoo dua rau papyrus, nws tau tov nrog cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov pos hniav (cov pos hniav) uas tshwm sim ntawm cov tawv ntoo. Ink yog pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations, qhuav nyob rau hauv jars los yog nyias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug bar (rau tus number case.av nplaum-kaolin tau ntxiv). Xws li cov tuav tau muab rub rau hauv cov tais tshwj xeeb (inkers) nrog pestles, tov nrog dej.
Nyob rau hauv Suav teb thaum ub, tus number case yog tuab dua li hauv Iyiv, yog li lawv sau nrog txhuam, tsis yog sticks. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, cov xim kuj tau siv dav siv rau kev kos duab ntawm lub cev hauv daim ntawv ntawm tattoos: number case tau siv rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab tom qab ntawd tattoos tau ua nrog koob, uas kho cov duab kos.
Keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm tus number case
Ink tshwm nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm parchment. Dab tsi yog qhov xav tau yog ib yam khoom uas yuav noj rau hauv daim tawv nqaij thiab tawm ntawm ib qho xim sib txawv ntawm nws. Ink hauv ntau hom lus los ntawm lo lus "dub". Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yog Ameslikas muaj ntau xim, vim lawv tau tsim los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv raw. Lawv tau ua los ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, decoctions, zaub kua nplaum, kab, thiab lwm yam. Cov dye ntxiv, ntxiv rau cov nyiam tshaj plaws - soot, tau txais los ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, decoctions, zaub glues, kab thiab cov tsiaj hauv hiav txwv. Yog lawm, thiab ntau hom ntoo, nplooj, noob, thiab lwm yam tau hlawv rau soot.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm tus lej ntawm tus lej thiab tus lej
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm tus cwj mem thiab tus cwj mem yog qhov tom kawg yog kev daws teeb meem, thiab tsis yog kev ncua ntawm cov xim xim hauv dej, zoo li number case. Yog li ntawd, tus number case nkag mus rau cov khoom siv uas nws tau siv tag nrho. Qhov no ua rau lwm qhov sib txawv: tus number case dries sai dua, vim tsuas yog nws dries nws tus kheej, thiab tag nrho cov txheej soaked los ntawm lawv dries nyob rau hauv tus number case. Yog li, qhov ntsuas thib ob ntawm tus number case txawv ntawm tus number case yog qhov ziab kom ceev:mascara dries sai dua, uas feem ntau tseem ceeb heev.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov kab tau txais yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev sau ntawv. Ink poob tus number case hauv qhov no: nws muab cov xim sib sib zog nqus, tuab thiab ci ntsa iab ntawm txheej. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm tus number case thiab number case.
ua haujlwm nrog number case, koj xav tau lub hauv paus tuab, xws li cwj mem feem ntau kis ntawm ib qho chaw ntxig. Zoo zoo mascara lays down, kho nws tus kheej nrog ib tug nyias zaj duab xis, tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv thib plaub ntawm tus number case thiab number case.
Qhov sib txawv loj hauv lub teeb nrawm ntawm tus number case thiab number case. Ib tsab ntawv ua tiav hauv tus cwj mem ploj mus dhau lub sijhawm, uas tsis tuaj yeem hais txog tus lej ntawm cov ntawv qub tshaj plaws uas tau los rau peb. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv thib tsib ntawm tus cwj mem thiab tus cwj mem. Muaj txawm tias sympathetic inks uas, thaum qhuav, ua kom pom tsis pom. Cov cuab yeej no ua rau tus cwj mem tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev sau ntawv, kos duab thiab lwm yam kos duab.
Nyob ntawm tus cwj mem los ntawm kev siv
Txhua tus inks yuav tsum muaj cov kuab tshuaj, dyes, viscosity thiab ziab nrawm hloov pauv. Dej, glycerin thiab ethyl cawv yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm dyes yog dav heev. Kuj tseem muaj ntau yam kev hloov kho. Cov txheej txheem ntawm tus number case yuav nyob ntawm seb nws yuav siv qhov twg: cov txheej txheem sib txawv siv ntau yam kev hloov pauv tus cwj mem.
Tus cwj mem tam sim no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau pawg raws li hom kev thov:
- rau tus cwj mem sau;
- rau tus cwj mem;
- rau capillary cwjmem thiab cov cim;
- rau cov tshuab luam ntawv inkjet thiab ntau yamLwm hom.
Quill number case yog siv los sau cov ntaub ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov xim xim xim rau lawv, ces lawv yuav ua qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab nws yuav yooj yim dua los txheeb xyuas qhov cuav.
Rau cov cwj mem ballpoint, raws li txoj cai, siv cov kua nplaum nplaum nplaum nplaum nplaum. Cov tshuaj txhuam hniav tsis tu ncua ntws mus rau hauv daim ntawv, tawm hauv lub ntsej muag greasy. Sij hawm dhau mus, txoj kev tus cwj mem yuav ploj mus thiab yuav ploj mus tag nrho.
Ink rau capillary cwjmem, nrog rau cov cwj mem-ntsuab, yog tsim los siv cov dyes yaj hauv ntau yam cawv.
Yuav Inkjet Ink
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv number case? Cov tuam txhab luam ntawv tau mus rau qhov ntev kom ruaj ntseg tuav tus cwj mem hauv lub cartridge (tanks) thiab xa nws los luam tawm ntawm qhov xav tau ceev. Thawj cartridge inks yeej ib txwm ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lawv: nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm saturation tone, acidity, nto nro thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, thiab lwm yam tsis. Ua haujlwm ntawm tus cwj mem thawj yog qhov lav ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua thiab tsis cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv, ua haujlwm zoo. Ob hom inks yog siv rau cov tshuab luam ntawv: dej-soluble thiab pigmented. Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim xim thiab dej raws li tus number case?
Pigment dyes rau tshuab luam ntawv
Pigment inks muaj xws li dej tsis muaj impurities (deionized), xim xim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov xim uas yog insoluble hauv dej, thiab txawm ua ntej.20 cov khoom kom tau txais cov khoom zoo, lub teeb thiab noo noo tiv taus cov ntsiab lus. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov xim pleev xim rau cov tshuab luam ntawv?
Vim tias cov khoom siv zoo heev tau siv rau hauv daim cartridge, cov xim number case cartridges feem ntau yuav ua tsis tiav. Cov tshuab luam ntawv nrog tus cwj mem no kim dua vim tus nqi ntawm tus number case.
Thaum siv cov xim ua kua dyes, luam ib txoj haujlwm ntau yam tsawg kawg ib zaug ib lim piam. Cov no yog shortcomings.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv xws li:
- clearer printing, txawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tsis zoo;
- tiv taus lub teeb thiab dej, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txoj kev duab;
- tuaj yeem luam tawm ntawm ob sab.
dej soluble number case rau tshuab luam ntawv
Dej-soluble dye number yuav tsum siv yog:
- Lub tshuab luam ntawv feem ntau luam cov duab rau ntawm daim ntawv tshwj xeeb, matte lossis glossy;
- yog tias koj lub tshuab luam ntawv tsuas muaj peev xwm siv tau dej-soluble number case.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv no:
- tsis txaus noo noo;
- Lub lightfastness ntawm cov inks kuj tseem qis dua cov pigmented counterparts, lawv ploj mus nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub hnub, cov duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv ib qho chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm lub teeb.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej-soluble inks yog lawv qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov xim thiab lub teeb.
Ntau yam khoom zoo:
- tus cwj mem muab lub kaw lus tsis tshua tuaj yeem txhaws, thiab yog tias lub taub hau luam ntawv tseem txhaws, nws yooj yim txaus los ntxuav nws;
- kev ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm ntev.
Technology tau txhim kho tas li. Tej zaum tsis ntev yuav muaj ib tus cwj mem uas sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov xim thiab cov dej-soluble dyes, tab sis tsis muaj lawv qhov tsis zoo.
