Rau qhov tsim ntawm kev txawj sau ntawv, morphemic parsing ntawm ib lo lus lossis qee yam kev tshuaj xyuas lus, nrog kev pab los ntawm nws cov qauv parsed, yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Morphemes yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus: prefixes, suffixes, keeb kwm thiab xaus. Thiab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv kom meej cov txheej txheem rau kev soj ntsuam no.
Kev txiav txim ib feem ntawm kev hais lus
Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb? Cov lus muaj qhov sib txawv thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hais lus. Thawj, piv txwv li, suav nrog:
- verbs (goes, yog, yuav tuaj txog);
- nouns (Africa, menyuam roj hmab, defector);
- adjectives (direct, airy, overriding);
- participles (extinguished, hammering, ploj);
- tus lej ib txwm (thib peb, txhiab, lab).
Qhov thib ob yuav tsum suav nrog:
- functional part of hais lus (prepositions, interjections, conjunctions, particles);
- adverbs (ceev, nrov dua, nyob ze);
- kev koom tes dav dav (suav, khiav, zaum);
- indeclinable nouns(coat, kas fes);
- indeclinable adjectives (bordeaux, beige);
- muaj lus tshaj tawm (nws, lawv).
Kev tshuaj ntsuam Morphemic yuav tsum pib nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kawg. Thiab yog tias peb muaj ib feem ntawm kev hais lus tsis hloov, ces nws tsis tuaj. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem mus rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev txheeb xyuas kev hais lus.
Highlight the ending
Lub morpheme no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus hauv kab lus thiab hloov pauv tau. Nyob ntawm ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, nws qhia tus lej, rooj plaub, poj niam txiv neej lossis tus neeg. Txhawm rau cais qhov xaus, koj yuav tsum hloov daim ntawv ntawm lo lus:
- den;
- den.
Tham thawj, qhov no yog -a; nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - thiab; hauv peb - -oh.
Ib feem ntawm lo lus tsis muaj qhov xaus yog lub hauv paus, thiab nws yog tas mus li. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev hais lus thiab cov uas qhov morpheme no tsuas yog tsis tuaj. Qhov tshwm sim no hu ua zero termination. Nws nyob qhov twg?
Kev tshuaj ntsuam Morphemic tso cai rau koj los qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntau tshaj:
- Rau cov txiv neej thiab poj niam lub npe nyob rau hauv cov lus nominative (snow - snow; joy - joy).
- Rau cov koom nrog luv luv thiab cov txiv neej adjectives, singular, sawv hauv rooj plaub nominative (tshem tawm, ncaj ncees).
- Rau qee tus lej hauv rooj plaub nominative (kaum kaum ob, ib qho).
- Ib feem ntawm ntau lub npe, genitive case (stocking, footcloths).
- Muajmasculine adjectives, yog siv nyob rau hauv cov lus thiab nominative case (cov muam, leej niam).
- Rau cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, yog tias lawv siv cov lus thiab dhau los (yuav mus, yuav ploj mus).
Thov nco ntsoov: daim ntawv mos ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov lus nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov no ua raws li softening ntawm tus consonant thiab tsis yog ib tug xaus.
Word root
Tom qab hais txog lub qia ntawm lo lus, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus tom kawg, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau cais cov hauv paus. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, xaiv cov lus uas muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo sib xws.
Cia peb qhia qhov no siv tus piv txwv ntawm lub npe "submariner". Morphemic tsom xam ntawm ib lo lus los ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum nrhiav lub hauv paus. Peb tab tom nrhiav rau kev xaiv tsim nyog: dej, dej, dej, dej, dej, kav dej. Xaiv lub hauv paus -water-.
Txawm li cas los xij, homonyms yuav tsum paub qhov txawv. Rau kev sib piv, xav txog cov hauv paus zoo sib xws uas nqa qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv hauv cov lus: tsav tsheb, coj, muab.
Nws yog nyob rau hauv no morpheme uas ib tug yuav ntes tau ib tug phenomenon hu ua alternation. Nco ntsoov yuav tsum tau them rau qhov no. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:
- hloov cov vowels (siv - tos);
- consonant alternation (khiav-khiav);
- simultaneous alternation of two vowels and consonants (ntws - lay).
Thov nco ntsoov: muaj cov lus nyuaj uas koj tuaj yeem pom ntau dua ib lub hauv paus. Piv txwv ntawm cov lexical units yog muab saum toj no.
Xaiv lub ntsiab lus
Lub morpheme lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov lus los tom qab lub hauv paus. Koj yuav tsum paub tias muaj cov lexical units qhov twg muaj ob lub ntsiab lus, los yog qhov twg tsis muaj kiag li.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm thawj rooj plaub yuav yog cov npe tsim los ntawm cov npe. Lawv twb tau ua raws li lub ntsiab lus, thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam morphemic pab qhia qhov no:
- guilty - txhaum (root -vin-, suffixes: -n-, -ost-);
- rainy - raininess (root -rain-, suffixes: -liv-, -awn-).
Cia peb xav txog rooj plaub thib ob. Qhov no feem ntau:
- rau cov lus qhia ua ntu zus hauv lub sijhawm dhau los (nkoj, nqa);
- rau feminine nouns in the nominative case formed from adjectives (xiav);
- rau txiv neej hais lus nouns nyob rau hauv nominative case (khiav).
Nrhiav ib tug ua ntej
Ua ntej lub hauv paus muaj morpheme, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov lus tshiab thiab hu ua prefix. Nws tuaj yeem nqa lub ntsiab lus ntxiv rau qhov uas twb muaj lawm. Piv txwv li: tsav tsheb - tsiv tawm. Ib qho qhia txog kev coj mus ncig tshwm. Hauv qhov piv txwv no, nws yog nqa mus.
Morphemic tsom xam, piv txwv ntawm cov hauv qab no, tso cai rau koj xaiv tsis yog ib qho, tab sis ob peb lub npe ua ntej. Piv txwv li: yawm txiv yawg, tsis muaj qhov ntev, tsis dhau, ultra-modern.
Summarizing: parsing plan, example
Ua morphemic tsom hauv tsev kawm ntawv - qhov no txhais tau tiastsis yog tsuas yog qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lo lus, tab sis kuj tseem cim rau lawv cov duab. Nyob rau hauv thawj daim duab, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lub npe ntawm morphemes: qhov kawg yog nyob rau hauv ib lub xwmfab, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau sab saum toj nrog ib lub voj voog, lub suffix yog ib txoj kab tawg, thiab cov lus ua ntej yog ncaj. kab. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus hauv qab no.
Yog li, cia peb rov hais dua cov phiaj xwm parsing siv piv txwv ntawm lo lus "seaside":
| Parse order | Qhia ib lo lus | Example |
| Hloov daim ntawv ntawm lo lus thiab qhia qhov xaus |
end th |
seaside seaside seaside |
| Xaiv lub hauv paus |
base -primorsk- |
seaside |
| Xaiv cov lus muaj feem thiab hais txog lub hauv paus |
root -mor- |
seaside tus neeg tsav nkoj tus neeg tsav nkoj sea marine |
| Define prefix |
prefix at- |
seaside |
| Xaiv lub ntsiab lus |
suffix -sk- |
seaside |
Ua ntej txiav txim siab txog ntu ntawm kev hais lus. Peb muaj ib tug adjective. Nws yog qhov yooj yim los hloov nws los ntawm cov lej, rooj plaub thiab poj niam txiv neej, uas peb tuaj yeem pom thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj ntsuam.
