Lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan yog ib lub tebchaws vam meej tshaj plaws hauv Central Asia. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub teb chaws thiab nyob qib 9th nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cheeb tsam. Qhov no yog ib lub xeev uas muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj, cov toj roob hauv pes zoo nkauj, kab lis kev cai nthuav dav thiab cov peev txheej ntuj tsis txaus. Cov npe ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kazakhstan thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm txhua tus tuaj yeem pom tom qab hauv kab lus.
cheeb tsam ntawm Kazakhstan (luv luv)
Lub teb chaws muaj 5 thaj chaw, txhua qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm nws tus kheej.
- Western - qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm thaj chaw hauv tebchaws. Nws suav nrog plaub cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov pejxeem yog ntau tshaj 2.1 lab tus tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cheeb tsam, lub cheeb tsam occupies ib cheeb tsam ntawm yuav luag 730 txhiab square meters. km.
- North yog thaj chaw kev lag luam loj. Ob npaug ntau tus neeg nyob ntawm no dua li nyob rau sab hnub poob (kwv yees li 4.4 lab tus tib neeg). Nws muaj plaub qhov chaw. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm cheeb tsam yog ntau tshaj 565 txhiab square meters. km.
- Yav Qab Teb - thaj av uas muaj thaj chaw tsim kho ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiabkev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cheeb tsam, nws yog me ntsis inferior rau lub Western ib (712 txhiab sq. Km.). Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov pejxeem, cheeb tsam no nyob rau hauv thawj - ntau tshaj 6.3 lab tus tib neeg. Cov khoom muaj xws li plaub qhov chaw.
- East - ib cheeb tsam uas muaj ib cheeb tsam. Nws occupies ib cheeb tsam ntawm 380 txhiab square meters. km. Yuav luag 2.7 lab tus tib neeg nyob ntawm no.
- Central - lub txhab nyiaj ntawm cov zaub mov. Nws muaj tsuas yog ib cheeb tsam, uas yog nyob rau ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm me ntsis tsawg tshaj li 320 txhiab square meters. km nrog cov pejxeem yuav luag 2 lab tus tib neeg.
qaum teb ntawm Kazakhstan
Nws tau muab faib ua 4 thaj chaw: Kostanay, North-Kazakhstan, Pavlodar, ciam teb rau Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau sab qaum teb, thiab Akmola, qhov chaw lub peev ntawm lub tebchaws, Astana, nyob. Nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroog loj tshaj plaws yog cov chaw hauv Kostanay, North Kazakhstan, Pavlodar thiab Akmola cheeb tsam - Kostanay, Petropavlovsk, Pavlodar thiab Kokshetau, raws li.
Northern Kazakhstan tsis tuaj yeem hu ua kev nplua nuj hauv dej, zoo li tag nrho lub tebchaws. Muaj 3 tus dej loj ntws ntawm no: Irtysh, Tobol thiab Ishim. Lub peev yog nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm tom kawg. Ib cheeb tsam me me nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cheeb tsam yog nyob ntawm ntoo thuv hav zoov thiab toj. Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb yog nyob hauv tiaj tus steppes: thaj tsam Kazakh toj siab, West Siberian tiaj thiab Turga toj siab.
qaum teb Kazakhstan yog hu ua "breadbasket ntawm tag nrho lub teb chaws", raws li kev ua liaj ua teb yog tsim nyob rau hauv no ntau dua nyob rau hauv lwm lub cheeb tsam. Nws kuj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv minerals. Hlau thiab tooj liab ores, thee, kub, bauxite, asbestos, limestone, quartz xuab zeb thiab ntau ntxiv yog mined ntawm no. kuj nyob rau hauvLub cheeb tsam tau tsim engineering thiab cov khoom siv roj ntau lawm.
Kazakhstan muaj huab cua huab cua nyob sab Europe, tab sis nyob rau sab qaum teb nws hnyav heev. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm lub teb chaws cov pej xeem nyob ntawm no thiab yeej ib txwm muaj ntau tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas xav mus xyuas Naurzum Reserve lossis thaj chaw chaw so ntawm Burabay thiab Bayanaul.
East Kazakhstan
Lub cheeb tsam yog sawv cev los ntawm East Kazakhstan cheeb tsam thiab ciam teb rau Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab Tuam Tshoj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Cov nroog loj tshaj plaws yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm thaj av Ust-Kamenogorsk thiab lub nroog Semey.
Txoj kev nyem ntawm no muaj ntau yam. Ntxiv rau qhov tiaj tus steppes, lub roob Kalbinsky, Saur-Tarbagatai thiab Altai roob sawv tawm. Nws nyob ntawm no tias lub nroog Belukha nyob - lub roob siab tshaj ntawm Altai. Koj tuaj yeem pom alpine meadows, hav zoov thiab taiga.
Yuav luag 40% ntawm lub teb chaws cov dej khaws cia yog concentrated hauv cheeb tsam no. Tus dej loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam yog Irtysh, uas nyob rau hauv Bukhtarma, Ulbinsk thiab Shulbinsk hydroelectric power stations. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog cov hlab ntsha nkaus xwb hauv cheeb tsam. Ntxiv rau Irtysh, ob peb lwm cov dej loj ntws ntawm no: Ulba, Bukhtarma, Char, Kurchum, Narym, Uba. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no muaj xws li loj reservoir xws li Zaisan, Markakol, Alakol thiab Sasykkol. Muaj 1200 tus dej thiab 18 lub pas dej loj hauv cheeb tsam.
East Kazakhstan yog thaj chaw muaj kev lag luam tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Cov reserves ntawm txhuas, kub, nyiaj, zinc, tooj liab, titanium, magnesium thiab ntau lwm yam hlau tsis muaj sib npaug zos rau tag nrho cov CIS. Qhov no yog ib tug feature ntawm lub teb chaws zoo li Kazakhstan. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm lwm lub teb chaws tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm qhov ntawdmuaj zog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam mining. Ntau tshaj 1000 kev ua lag luam ua haujlwm ntawm no. Kev ua liaj ua teb tau zoo tsim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws, thiab Altai zib ntab tsim nyob rau hauv East Kazakhstan yog suav tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Western Kazakhstan
cheeb tsam no nyob rau hauv Central Asia thiab Eastern Europe, raws li nyob rau hauv lub roob Ural thiab sab qaum teb ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Caspian hiav txwv muaj ciam teb ntawm ob feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - Asia thiab Europe. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm Western Kazakhstan. Cov cheeb tsam uas nws muaj: Aktobe, West Kazakhstan, Mangystau thiab Atyrau. Nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob nws ciam teb rau Russia, thiab sab qab teb - ntawm Uzbekistan thiab Turkmenistan. Cov nroog loj tshaj plaws (cov chaw tswj hwm): Atyrau (Atyrau cheeb tsam), Aktobe (Aktobe cheeb tsam), Aktau (Mangistau cheeb tsam) thiab Uralsk (West Kazakhstan cheeb tsam).
Nyob rau sab hnub poob, thaj av no tau ntxuav los ntawm lub pas dej loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb - Hiav Txwv Caspian, thiab sab hnub tuaj - los ntawm Hiav Txwv Aral. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej loj xws li Ural, Volga, Emba ntws ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nyem, thaj av yog sawv cev los ntawm tiaj steppes, raws li nws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj European Plain. Sab qaum teb ntawm lub Caspian mus ncig lub Caspian lowland, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv muaj 2 ceg av qab teb: Mangyshlak thiab Buzachi, smoothly tig mus rau hauv lub Ustyurt toj siab.
Hauv cheeb tsam Caspian huab cua yog me me, thaum nyob hauv thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm thaj av nws yog thaj av loj heev. Cov pej xeem ceev ntawm no yog tsawg dua nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw - tsuas yog 3.4 tus neeg / km². Qhov no yog thaj av uas hais lus Kazakh tshaj plaws ntawm lub tebchaws: cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm noua ¾ ntawm cov pejxeem.
Sab Hnub Poob Kazakhstan yog thaj tsam loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj thiab roj tsim hauv lub tebchaws. Qee qhov chaw roj thiab roj loj tshaj plaws nyob ntawm no: Tengiz, Karachaganak thiab Kashagan. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev lag luam nuv ntses ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm Kazakhstan yog heev tsim nyob rau hauv ib ncig. Thaj chaw hauv lwm thaj chaw tsis paub zoo txog kev nuv ntses.
Central Kazakhstan
cheeb tsam yog sawv cev los ntawm ib cheeb tsam loj tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws - Karaganda, nrog rau qhov chaw tswj hwm hauv nroog Karaganda.
Lub nyem ntawm no muaj ntau haiv neeg: nyob rau sab qaum teb - Kazakh toj, nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj - Lake Balkhash, nyob rau sab qab teb - steppes thiab semi-deserts, roob nce - Karkaraly, Kent, Ku, Ulytau. Qhov no yog thaj av ntiav tshaj plaws. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm no qhuav heev.
Central Kazakhstan, lossis Sary-Arka raws li cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam hu nws, muaj npe nrov rau kev siv roj av. Ntawm no yog ib qhov loj tshaj plaws deposits - Karaganda thee phiab. Mechanical engineering, tsiaj husbandry thiab metallurgy kuj tsim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam.
South Kazakhstan
Nov yog thaj chaw muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws. Nws ciam teb nrog Uzbekistan thiab Kyrgyzstan nyob rau sab qab teb thiab Tuam Tshoj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Nws suav nrog cov cheeb tsam: Zhambyl, South-Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda thiab Almaty. Ntawm no yog qhov chaw loj tshaj plaws ntawm Kazakhstan - Almaty. Tsis tas li ntawd, Shymkent, Taldykorgan, Taraz thiab Kyzylorda tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov nroog loj. Hauv cheeb tsam Kyzylorda muaj ib lub nroog nrog thawj thiab loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj tebBaikonur Cosmodrome.
Cov peev txheej dej tau faib tsis sib npaug - feem ntau yog nyob rau sab qab teb. Ntawm no yog Zhetysu - Valley ntawm Xya Dej los yog Semirechye. Tsis tas li ntawd, Lake Issyk-Kul nyob rau sab qab teb, nrog rau lub roob spur ntawm Dzungarian Alatau thiab ntau lub teb chaws reserves, xws li Aksu-Zhabaglinsky. Nyob rau ciam teb nrog Tuam Tshoj thiab Kyrgyzstan yog Khan Tengri Peak - ib qho ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws ncov ntawm Tien Shan. Nws yog cov sights uas nyiam cov neeg ncig tebchaws mus rau Kazakhstan.
Cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws no, nyob rau sab qaum teb, feem ntau muaj suab puam thiab steppe, thaum nyob rau sab qab teb cov av muaj ntau fertile, yog li kev ua liaj ua teb zoo tsim muaj. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb kuj tau txhawb nqa los ntawm huab cua me me dua li lwm thaj chaw.
