Lub npe ntawm cov pob zeb no los ntawm Greek lo lus "sphaleros", uas txhais tau tias "dag". Leej twg thiab yuav ua li cas lub pob zeb no sim dag - nyeem hauv peb tsab xov xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm nws koj yuav kawm txog lub ntsiab lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom ntawm cov ntxhia sphalerite, nrog rau cov chaw ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub nws siv.
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog cov ntxhia
Ntau pob zeb thiab pob zeb tau paub rau cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntev heev, thiab yog li ntawd lawv tau kawm zoo. Sphalerite yog ib qho ntawm cov no. Lub npe no tau muab rau nws hauv 1847 los ntawm German geologist Ernst Friedrich Glocker. "Deceptive" - qhov no yog li cas nws yog txhais los ntawm Greek lus thaum ub. Vim li cas Glocker thiaj hu lub pob zeb ntawd?
Qhov tseeb yog qhov ntxhia no nyuaj heev los txheeb xyuas. Cov kws tshawb fawb tsis meej pem nws nrog galena, tom qab ntawd nrog txhuas, tom qab ntawd nrog zinc. Hauv qhov no, cov ntxhia sphalerite kuj tseem hu ua zinc lossis ruby blende. Los ntawm txoj kev, niaj hnub no nws yog dav siv kom tau txais cov zinc ntshiab - ib qho zoo kawg nkaus hlau uas ntseeg tau los tiv thaiv cov qauv hlau.los ntawm corrosion thiab kev puas tsuaj.
Cov ntxhia sphalerite yog divalent zinc sulfide. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, lwm yam ntsiab lus ntawm lub sij hawm yog feem ntau tov nrog nws: cadmium, hlau, gallium thiab indium. Cov tshuaj formula ntawm sphalerite ntxhia yog ZnS. Nws cov xim txawv txawv, los ntawm yuav luag tsis muaj xim mus rau amber thiab txiv kab ntxwv-liab.
Sphalerite ntxhia: duab thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb
Sphalerite yog lub pob zeb pob tshab uas muaj cov pob zeb tetrahedral. Nws cov khoom tseem ceeb suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Mohs hardness yog 3.5-4 ntsiab lus.
- Lub ci ntsa iab ntawm cov pob zeb diamond yog pob zeb diamond, tawg tsis sib xws.
- Cubic system, zoo meej cleavage.
- Lub pob zeb tawm tom qab daj, lub teeb xim av lossis lub teeb xiav kab.
- Dissols hauv hydrochloric thiab nitric acids, tso cov sulfur ntshiab nyob rau tom kawg.
- Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo.
- Qee yam ntawm sphalerite muaj cov khoom fluorescent.
Sphalerite yog cov ntxhia uas tsis zoo txiav thiab ua tiav. Thaum raug kub heev, nws coj txawv txawv, nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yog li, yog tias cov ntxhia muaj cov hlau loj, ces nws yuav yaj zoo kawg nkaus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, "ntshiab" sphalerite yog xyaum tsis tau.
Sphalerite ntxhia: keeb kwm thiab cov nyiaj tso nyiaj tseem ceeb
Sphalerite yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau yamgeological tej yam kev mob. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv limestones, thiab hauv ntau cov pob zeb sedimentary, thiab ua ib feem ntawm polymetallic ore deposits. Nyob rau hauv deposits, nrog rau sphalerite, lwm yam minerals feem ntau "coexist" xws li galena, barite, fluorite, quartz thiab dolomite.
Sphalerite ntxhia yog mined hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb: Spain, Tebchaws USA, Russia, Mexico, Namibia, Poland, Czech koom pheej, Canada thiab lwm yam. Cov pob zeb loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob zeb no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Santander (Spain).
- Carrara (Italy).
- Pribram (Czech koom pheej).
- Dalnegorsk (Russia).
- New Jersey (USA).
- Sonora (Mexico).
- Dzhezkazgan (Kazakhstan).
Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm cov pob zeb no yog nrov heev ntawm cov neeg sau khoom. Yog li, rau ib daim ntawm "huv" sphalerite, koj yuav tau them tsawg kawg yog 9 txhiab rubles. Tab sis muaj cov qauv thiab kim dua. Piv txwv li, ib tug daj Spanish sphalerite hnyav txog tsib carats raug nqi txog 400 US las (kwv yees li 25,000 rubles nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm domestic txiaj).
Aggregation druses ntawm sphalerite nrog quartz thiab chalcopyrite kuj xav tau ntawm kev lag luam ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj nuj nqis.
Mineral ntau yam
Muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm sphalerite. Cov tsos thiab xim qauv ntawm lub pob zeb no yuav nyob ntawm seb qhov impurities muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho qauv. Yog li, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntau yam tseem ceeb ntawm sphalerite:
- Marmarit(ib qho opaque dub ntxhia muaj txog li 20% hlau).
- Marmasolite (ib hom ntawm marmarite nrog cov ntsiab lus hlau tsawg hauv cov qauv).
- Bruncite (cov ntxhia daj daj tuaj yeem nqus dej).
- Kleiophane (pob tshab zib ntab lossis cov ntxhia ntsuab me ntsis).
- Pribramite (lub pob zeb zoo nkauj nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cadmium).
Ib qho ntawm ntau yam nthuav dav ntawm sphalerite yog cleophane. Cov pob zeb no yog pob tshab, vim nws tsis muaj impurities ntawm manganese lossis hlau. Kleiophane yog qhov yooj yim heev, txawm hais tias nws qiv nws tus kheej zoo rau kev txiav (yog li ntawd, nws tau siv dav heev hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub).
Sphalerite: kho cov khoom ntawm pob zeb
Hauv lwm cov tshuaj, cov ntxhia sphalerite yog siv los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv thiab tag nrho lub cev tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias kev npaj los ntawm cov pob zeb no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ntxuav cov ntshav thiab kho cov kab mob plab zom mov (vim muaj cov zinc ntau hauv lawv).
Cov kws kho mob los ntawm lub sijhawm qub siv sphalerite rau hypothermia, nrog rau kev kho qhov muag. Pob zeb amulets pab cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev pw tsaug zog lossis ntxhov siab.
Sphalerite: cov khoom muaj yees ntawm pob zeb
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tam sim ntawd tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov haujlwm "khawv koob" (magicians, sorcerers, soothsayers, thiab lwm tus) tsis nyiam cov ntxhia no. Cov qauv dub ntawm sphalerite yog siv thaum tsim kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog lub ntiajteb sab hauv thiab nws cov ntsuj plig. Txawm li cas los xij, siv lawv raumagicians tsis qhia rites ntawm inducing kev puas tsuaj, vim hais tias tsaus zog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav xa rov qab mus rau tus neeg xa nws. Thiab nrog kev ua pauj.
Yellow sphalerite pob zeb yog tsim rau cov neeg uas npau suav nrhiav kev kaj siab lug ntev. Pob zeb dawb yog siv los tiv thaiv amulets thiab tiv thaiv lawv tus tswv los ntawm ntau yam khawv koob hwj chim.
Astrologers tsis paub meej tias cov cim ntawm lub zodiac no cov pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cas. Nws tsuas yog paub tseeb tias sphalerite yog contraindicated rau Scorpions thiab zoo heev rau Taurus. Rau thawj zaug, nws yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tiav ntawm cov hom phiaj, tab sis qhov thib ob, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws yuav pab tau txhua txoj hauv kev hauv txhua yam kev ua thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Ntau tus neeg tsis ntseeg txog mysticism thiab tsis ntseeg txog astrology. Tab sis txawm tias lawv yuav txaus siab kom muaj ib qho me me ntawm sphalerite hauv lawv lub tsev. Tom qab tag nrho, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv faceted thiab ua tiav, nws zoo nkaus li zoo!
Siv pob zeb
Zinc blende yog siv niaj hnub no hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, metallic zinc yog smelted los ntawm cov ntxhia (los ntawm txoj kev electrolytic), ib txhij extracting cadmium, indium thiab gallium. Peb cov hlau kawg yog qhov tsawg heev. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov alloys nrog ib tug high degree ntawm kuj. Gallium kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv cov teeb thiab ntsuas kub raws li qhov muab tub lim.
Brass kuj tau los ntawm sphalerite. Cov hlau no, vim nws lub zog siab thiab tsis kam tiv thaiv corrosion, tau pom dav siv hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam thiab cov txheej txheem. Ib zaug ua los ntawm tooj dag txawmnpib.
Qhov thib ob ntawm kev thov ntawm sphalerite yog cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam. Zinc oxide kuj tseem siv rau hauv tshuaj. Muaj ntau yam khoom uas tau txais los ntawm nws: roj hmab, tawv tawv, tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub, tshuaj txhuam hniav, thiab lwm yam.
Cov pob zeb no kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm jewelers. Txawm li cas los xij, lub pob zeb muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo: ntau dhau fragility, tsis txaus hardness, tsis tshua muaj zog rau ntau yam tshuaj. Nws tuaj yeem tawg txhua lub sijhawm, nws yooj yim los khawb nws. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nplhaib, nplhaib, qhwv ntsej, pendants thiab pendants yog tsim los ntawm sphalerite.
Rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws mined hauv Spanish nroog Santander. Cov kws tshaj lij tsis txawm cais sphalerite ua ib lub pob zeb muaj nuj nqis. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tus nqi tiag tiag feem ntau nce mus txog ntau pua duas las rau ib lub pob zeb (qhov hnyav txog li tsib carats). Hauv kev sau, sphalerite feem ntau tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib cais, cov qauv loj thiab tshwj xeeb.
Zoo kawg
Sphalerite yog cov ntxhia hauv cov chav kawm sulfide (formula ZnS), muaj ntau yam hauv cov xwm txheej. Pob tshab thiab tsis yooj yim, nws nyuaj rau tshuab, txiav thiab polish. Ntawm cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm sphalerite yog marmarite, brunkite, cleophane thiab przybramite.
Cov peev txheej ntawm sphalerite yog qhov dav heev: metallurgy, hluav taws xob engineering, tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam, tshuaj. Txawm hais tias nws tsis yooj yim sua, cov ntxhia kuj tau siv dav hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
