Japanese txoj kev kawm thiab kev loj hlob yog qhov txawv ntawm Western. Nws yog ze ze rau Japanese kab lis kev cai thiab kev ua neej. Qhov pib ntawm xyoo kawm ntawv tsis yog lub Cuaj Hlis, tab sis lub Plaub Hlis. Nyob ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsib lossis rau rau hnub hauv ib lub lis piam. Muaj peb lub semesters hauv ib xyoos, nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav - muaj cov hnub so luv. Kev so ntev dua nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, nws kav ib hlis. Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv txog Japanese txoj kev kawm thiab kev loj hlob yuav raug tham hauv kab lus.
Peb kauj ruam hauv kev kawm
Lub tsev kawm ntawv Nyij Pooj muaj lawv. Ntawm lawv:
- Thawj theem - tsev kawm theem pib nrog lub sijhawm kawm 6 xyoo.
- theem 2 - tsev kawm theem siab, uas cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm tau 3 xyoos.
- Thim Peb - high school, qhov twg lawv kawm tau 3 xyoos.
Thawj ob theem - cov tsev kawm theem pib thiab theem nrab - yog nruj me ntsis txwv, thiab qhov thib peb yog xaiv tau. Tab sis,Txawm hais tias xaiv tsev kawm theem siab, ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm Nyij Pooj, qhov kev kawm tiav yog nce mus txog 96.
kev kawm preschool
Hauv Nyiv, nws tau nthuav tawm hauv peb daim ntawv:
- Crèche.
- tsev kawm tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg tsis taus.
Kindergartens.
Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoos raug tso rau hauv chaw zov me nyuam. Tab sis nyob ntawd lawv tsis tau txais kev cob qhia kev kawm. Hauv kindergartens, txij li 3 mus rau 6 xyoo, kev npaj rau lub tsev kawm ntawv theem pib yog ua tiav. Qhov tseeb lom zem: Cov khaub ncaws feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua hauv kindergartens hauv Nyij Pooj.
Type of kindergartens
Lawv yog pej xeem thiab ntiag tug. Ntawm lawv, piv txwv li,
- Hoikuen yog lub xeev chaw zov me nyuam. Cov menyuam yaus raug lees txais ntawm no txij li hnub nyoog 3 hlis. Nws ua haujlwm txij thaum sawv ntxov mus rau yav tsaus ntuj thiab hnub Saturday ib nrab hnub. Cov menyuam yaus raug txheeb xyuas ntawm no los ntawm kev tiv tauj lub tuam tsev hauv nroog nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob. Qhov no xav kom ob leeg niam txiv ua haujlwm. Kev them nyiaj yog nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm tsev neeg cov nyiaj tau los.
- Yetien yog ob qho tib si ntiag tug thiab pej xeem vaj. Hauv lawv, cov menyuam yaus siv sijhawm tsis pub dhau 7 teev, txij 9 txog 14, yog tias lawv niam ua haujlwm tsis tshaj 4 teev ib hnub.
- Elite - lawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab muaj koob npe. Thaum tus menyuam kawm tiav hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo li no, nws yog ib qho ntxiv rau nws txoj kev kawm ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus hauv university yam tsis muaj kev xeem. Yuav kom tau ntawm no, tus menyuam yuav tsum xeem dhau qhov kev xeem nyuaj, thiab cov niam txiv- ib feem nrog nyiaj ntau.
Tab neeg kev sib raug zoo
Japanese kindergartens muaj pab pawg me me ntawm rau rau yim tus neeg. Lawv cov ntsiab lus tau hloov kho txhua rau lub hlis. Qhov no yog vim muab sijhawm rau menyuam yaus rau kev sib raug zoo. Ib tug me nyuam yuav tsis tsim kev sib raug zoo hauv ib pab pawg, tab sis nyob rau lwm qhov nws yuav nrhiav tau phooj ywg. Cov xib fwb kuj hloov txhua lub sij hawm kom cov me nyuam tsis tau siv rau lawv ntau. Nws ntseeg tias txoj kev no muaj kev vam khom ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lawv cov kws cob qhia.
Nyiv nyiam tsis sib piv me nyuam. Tus xibhwb yeej tsis muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thiab nws tsis cem tus phem tshaj. Cov niam txiv kuj tsis tau hais tias lawv tus menyuam yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev khiav lossis kos duab phem. Nws tsis yog kev cai rau ib leeg tawm hauv Nyij Pooj. Txawm nyob rau hauv kev ua si nawv tsis muaj kev sib tw. Kev phooj ywg lossis ib pab pawg yeej ib txwm yeej. "Tsis txhob sawv!" - qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Nyiv lub neej thiab Japanese txoj kev kawm thiab kev loj hlob.
Tsib nyiaj npib
Txawm li cas los xij, txoj cai no feem ntau ua rau cov txiaj ntsig tsis txaus siab. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm pedagogy hauv Nyij Pooj yog los qhia ib tus neeg paub txog kev sib raug zoo nrog pab pawg ua haujlwm. Tom qab tag nrho, Japanese haiv neeg yog ib haiv neeg raws li pawg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tsis ncaj ncees tso cai rau pawg neeg nco qab feem ntau ua rau tsis muaj peev xwm xav txog nws tus kheej.
Nyob hauv lub siab ntawm cov me nyuam, lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua raws li ib tug qauvrooted heev khov kho. Muaj qee lub sij hawm thaum ib tug neeg hais rau nws txoj kev xav tau raug thuam thiab txawm tias muaj kev ntxub ntxaug los ntawm nws cov phooj ywg. Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv Nyij Pooj niaj hnub no, xws li qhov tshwm sim xws li "ijime" yog qhov tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws lub ntsiab lus, lub tswv yim no mus txog lub hazing uas tam sim no nyob rau hauv peb pab tub rog. Tus tub kawm ntawv uas tsis yog tus qauv yog ib tus neeg uas feem ntau raug thab plaub thiab raug ntaus.
Txhua yam raws li cov lus qhia
Cov tub ntxhais kawm Nyij Pooj yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai nruj. Cov qauv kev tso cai raug txiav txim ua ntej hauv txhua yam haujlwm, txawm tias nws muaj tswv yim. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov tub ntxhais kawm txiav txim siab ua yeeb yaj kiab txog lawv lub tsev kawm ntawv, lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua lawv tus kheej. Rau lawv, lub sijhawm yuav raug txiav txim siab yam tsis tau ua tsis tiav, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev tua yuav raug piav qhia, thiab cov haujlwm ntawm txhua tus neeg koom hauv cov txheej txheem yuav qhia meej meej.
Kev daws teeb meem lej hauv qhov qub yog qhov zoo li tus kws qhia ntawv tau hais tias txoj kev no tsis tsim nyog. Ua raws li cov lus qhia muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li kev ua yeeb yam, txawm li cas los xij.
Kev saib xyuas thiab saib xyuas
Cov neeg Nyij Pooj lawv tus kheej nco txog qhov tsis txaus ntawm lawv txoj kev qhia kev kawm. Hauv xovxwm, lawv feem ntau nco ntsoov qhov kev xav tau ceev rau cov tib neeg muaj tswv yim, nrog rau qhov xav tau los txheeb xyuas cov menyuam yaus muaj txiaj ntsig thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov. Txawm li cas los xij, txog niaj hnub no, qhov teeb meem tseem tsis tau daws.
Nyob rau hauv Nyij Pooj, muaj qhov tshwm sim uas feem ntau tus yam ntxwv ntawm Russia. Nws yog qhov sawv ntawm ib tug hluasinfantilism, tsis lees txais kev thuam los ntawm cov neeg laus los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, tshwm sim ntawm kev ua phem rau cov laus, suav nrog niam txiv.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov niam txiv thiab cov kws qhia ntawv Nyij Pooj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab coj tus cwj pwm rau menyuam yaus, saib xyuas lawv cov teeb meem, thiab lub luag haujlwm rau lawv txoj hmoo. Cov txuj ci no tuaj yeem kawm los ntawm Nyij Pooj.
Nkag mus rau hnub nyoog rau xyoo thiab kawm rau xyoo. Nyob rau theem kev kawm no lawv qhia:
- Japanese;
- Japanese calligraphy;
- arithmetic;
- music;
- art;
- labor;
- kev kawm lub cev;
- kev ua neej nyob;
- humanities, natural sciences.
Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntiav, muaj cov kev kawm ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem ua tau, piv txwv li, kev coj ncaj ncees, kev ntseeg kev ntseeg. Tsis muaj cov phau ntawv hauv tebchaws nyob rau hauv Japanese kev kawm ntawv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tsum ntxuav lub tsev kawm ntawv qhov chaw thiab hnav khaub ncaws hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Hauv tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem, cov tub thiab ntxhais kawm ua ke, thaum nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntiav muaj ob txoj kev xaiv.
Kev kawm theem nrab hauv Nyij Pooj
Nws kav peb xyoos. Yuav tsum kawm:
- xeev lus;
- los ntawm tib neeg - geography, keeb kwm, kev tshawb fawb kev sib raug zoo;
- los ntawm ntuj - physics, chemistry, biology, geology;
- algebra thiab geometry;
- music;
- kev kawm lub cev;
- labor;
- English;
- fine art.
Bqee lub tsev kawm ntawv ntiav muaj cov kev kawm ntxiv hauv kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ntseeg kev ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv lawv kawm pacifism thiab keeb kwm ntawm cheeb tsam. Ib yam li hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, yuav tsum tau hnav khaub ncaws thiab tu.
High School
Hauv Japanese kev kawm txuj ci, nws tau sawv cev los ntawm cov khoom xws li: cov tsev kawm theem nrab thiab cov tsev kawm txuj ci. Lawv nkag nws los ntawm hnub nyoog 15 xyoos. Cov neeg kawm tiav hnub nyoog li cas hauv Nyij Pooj? Qhov no tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17-18 xyoo, raws li nws tau qhia peb xyoos.
Ob leeg ntiav (55%) thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem raug them. Muaj kev tshwj xeeb hauv kev kawm ntuj thiab tib neeg. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm yog nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm qib siab. Kawm ntawm no:
- xeev lus - niaj hnub thiab qub;
- tib neeg: thaj chaw, keeb kwm ntiaj teb thiab keeb kwm Nyij Pooj;
- kev tshawb fawb txog kev noj qab haus huv: kev noj qab haus huv, kev ncaj ncees, kev nom kev tswv, kev lag luam;
- algebra thiab geometry;
- natural sciences: physics, chemistry, biology, geology;
- art: suab paj nruag, kos duab kos duab, tsim, khoom siv tes ua;
- labor;
- kev kawm lub cev;
- computer science;
- English.
Ntawm cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb xaiv hauv tsev kawm theem siab hauv Nyij Pooj yog:
- agronomy;
- kev lag luam;
- trading;
- nuv ntses;
- kev cob qhia kho mob;
- welfare;
- lus txawv teb chaws.
Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntiav, lwm yam kev kawm yog qhia ntxiv. Tseem tsis muaj cov phau ntawv kawm thoob tebchaws hauv high school, muajuniform thiab tu yuav tsum tau. Kev kawm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem yog sib koom ua ke. Kev sau ntawv Japanese, kev lag luam kev lag luam, kis las, judo, kendo, kyudo raug qhia ntawm kev xaiv tsa thiab cov koom haum.
Exams
Raws li txoj cai, lawv nyuaj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm Nyij Pooj. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ob peb teev. Vim lawv txoj kev nyuaj, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev los npaj rau lawv. Muaj pov thawj tias qee cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau lub siab thiab tua tus kheej.
Tsis muaj kev xeem hauv tsev kawm theem qis, tab sis hauv tsev kawm theem nrab thiab theem siab lawv raug xeem tsib zaug hauv ib xyoos. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm tag nrho cov trimesters, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm thawj ob. Cov uas muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub sijhawm xeem cov tub ntxhais kawm paub txog cov ntsiab lus xws li:
- Japanese and English;
- social science;
- math;
- natural sciences.
Thaum kawg ntawm txhua lub semester, muaj kev ntsuam xyuas kev paub txog txhua yam kev kawm. Cov qhab nias xeem txiav txim seb tus tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem kawm tau li cas hauv tsev kawm theem nrab mus rau theem siab. Thaum tau txais cov qhab nia siab, kev hloov mus rau ib lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj koob npe yog ua tau. Thaum kawg ntawm lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv, txoj hauv kev nkag mus hauv tsev kawm qib siab tau txo qis.
Hnav khaub ncaws
Uniforms tau tshwm sim hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv Nyij Pooj txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Niaj hnub no nws yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem thiab ntiav. Hauv Nyij Pooj, nws ntau yam tau qhia raws li hauv qab no:
- fuku, seifuku yog "form";
- sailor fuku -qhov no yog "cov khaub ncaws ntawm tus neeg tsav nkoj", nws kuj yog "sailor suit".
Hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, cov tub hluas feem ntau hnav lub tsho dawb. Cov luv luv, lawv yog xim dub, dawb, xiav tsaus. Lawv kuj hnav dub lossis, qhov sib txawv, lub kaus mom ci.
Japanese tsev kawm ntawv cov khaub ncaws rau cov ntxhais hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem pib feem ntau muaj lub tsho dawb thiab tiab ntev grey. Raws li lub caij nyoog, daim ntawv hloov pauv me ntsis. Cov kaus mom ci ntsa iab tau siv dav.
Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab thiab theem siab, cov tub hluas cov khaub ncaws hnav mus rau tub rog, thaum cov ntxhais hnav khaub ncaws caij nkoj. Nws yog raws li cov tub rog khaub ncaws rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm Meiji (1868-1912) tab sis yog ua qauv tom qab European marine uniform.
Tib lub sijhawm, ntau lub tsev kawm niaj hnub no tau hloov mus rau cov qauv zoo ib yam li cov hnav hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv sab hnub poob. Cov tub hluas muaj lub tsho dawb nrog ib txoj hlua khi, lub tsho tiv no nrog cov duab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab thiab ris. Cov ntxhais hnav ib lub tsho dawb nrog khi, lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, thiab tiab plaid woolen.
Gakuran thiab tus neeg caij nkoj caij nkoj
Nyob hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab thiab theem siab, cov tub hluas hnav gakuran. Qhov no yog dub, xim av los yog navy suit. Nws zoo li Prussian tub rog hnav khaub ncaws. Cov hieroglyphs uas qhia txog lub tswvyim ntawm "gakuran" txhais tau tias "tus tub ntxhais kawm sab hnub poob." Cov khaub ncaws zoo sib xws yog hnav los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv Kaus Lim Qab Teb, thiab tseem, txog xyoo 1949, kuj tau hnav los ntawm Suav.
Cov khaub ncaws neeg caij nkoj yog hom Japanese hnav khaub ncaws rau cov ntxhais, uas muaj ntau heev hauv tsev kawm theem nrab thiab theem siab. Tsawg dua nyob rau hauvpib. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub gakuran, cov tsos ntawm tus neeg tsav nkoj ce muaj ntau variations. Feem ntau, cov khaub ncaws muaj xws li lub tsho nrog tus neeg tsav nkoj dab tshos thiab daim tiab pleated.
Qee cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem hloov pauv raws li lub caij hloov pauv. Xws li cov khoom siv, lub tes tsho ntev. Qee zaum ib txoj hlua khi rau pem hauv ntej, uas yog rub los ntawm lub voj ntawm lub tsho. Hloov ntawm ribbon, tuaj yeem muaj hneev, khi, neckerchief. Cov xim sib xws feem ntau:
- dub;
- ntsuab ntsuab;
- dub xiav;
- grey;
- white.
thom khwm, khau, thiab lwm yam khoom siv yuav yog ib feem ntawm cov khaub ncaws. Cov thom khwm feem ntau yog xiav, dawb, dub, thiab khau yog xim dub lossis xim av. Qee lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj npe nrov rau lawv cov khaub ncaws, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov tub ntxhais hluas tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Hauv kab lis kev cai otaku, tus neeg tsav nkoj caij nkoj ua lub luag haujlwm loj. Cov cwj pwm hnav khaub ncaws hauv tsev kawm ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam anime thiab manga.
Kev Kawm Qib Siab
Raws li 2005 cov ntaub ntawv, kwv yees li 3 lab tus tub ntxhais kawm tau kawm hauv 726 lub tsev kawm ntawv Nyij Pooj. Txhawm rau kom tau txais daim bachelor's degree, ib yam li nyob rau hauv European ib qho, Japanese kev kawm txuj ci xav tau plaub xyoos ntawm kev kawm. Ib qho kev kawm rau xyoo yog muab los ua kom tiav qib Master.
Muaj ob hom tsev kawm ntawv qib siab - teb chaws thiab xeev. Thawj ntawm lawv - 96, thiab lub thib ob - 39, tus so yog ntiav tsev. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kawm qib siab hauv Nyij Pooj yog tias tsis muaj kev kawm dawb ntawm no. Yog li ntawd,Raws li 2011 cov ntaub ntawv, tawm ntawm yuav luag 3 lab tus tub ntxhais kawm, tsuas yog kwv yees li 100 tau txais nyiaj pab kawm ntawv los ntawm tsoomfwv Nyij Pooj. Cov no yog cov tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws thiab cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov nyiaj pabcuam raug muab rov qab los thiab tsis them tag nrho cov nqi kawm ntawv.
qeb ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab
Raws li Quacquarelli Symonds '2015 qeb duas, ntawm 30 lub tsev kawm qib siab tshaj plaws hauv Asia yog Nyiv cov tsev kawm qib siab tshaj plaws:
- Tokyo University - 12th;
- Osaka - 13th;
- Kyoto - hnub tim 14;
- Tokyo Institute of Technology - 15th;
- Tohoku University - 20th;
- Nagoya - on 21st;
- Hokkaido - 25th;
- Kyushu University yog hnub tim 28.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab ntiag tug xws li Nihon, Tokai, Waseda, Keio yog cov neeg tseem ceeb yav tom ntej. Lawv, tsis hais cov qhab nia raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem dhau thiab kev tshwj xeeb, tom qab tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav, tau lees paub ua haujlwm tiav. Lawv nyiam dhau los ua cov thawj coj loj lossis tsoomfwv cov thawj coj. Nkag mus rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab yam tsis muaj kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb thiab cov lus pom zoo yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb.
Kev sib tw rau cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab uas tau hais los saum toj no yog qhov siab kawg, tab sis cov nqi qis dua li cov tsev kawm ntiag tug muaj koob npe. Cov tsim nyob rau hauv prefectures them tus nqi kawm ntawv me me thiab kev sib tw kuj tsawg. Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv ntiav me me, koj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj ntau rau kev kawm, tab sis daim ntawv pov thawj uas muab rau hauv lawv tsis yog.muaj koob meej, thiab lawv tsis lav kev ua haujlwm.
Rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv thoob ntiaj teb
Qib kev kawm hauv Nyij Pooj yog siab heev. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias ntau tus neeg txawv tebchaws xav mus kawm hauv lub tebchaws no. Muaj ob txoj kev xaiv rau lawv:
- Kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv qib siab kev kawm nyob rau plaub mus rau rau xyoo. Nws tus nqi sib txawv ntawm 6 txog 9 txhiab US dollars. Txoj kev xeem nkag yog nruj heev, ntxiv rau kev paub lus Nyij Pooj yog xav tau.
- Cov chav kawm luv luv ntawm kev kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab, kav ntev li ob xyoos. Nws raug nqi ntau dua thiab xav tau kev paub lus Askiv.
Yuav kom tau txais kev kawm tiav qib siab, koj yuav tsum tau apostille koj daim ntawv pov thawj uas twb muaj lawm ua ntej xa mus rau Nyiv. Txij li thaum lub teb chaws no yog ib tog rau Hague Convention, Apostille tuaj yeem siv tsis raug cai.
Txawm hais tias nyob hauv lub tebchaws, txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm tau txais tib lub sijhawm hauv kev kawm qib siab. Lawm, koj yuav tsum ua tiav qhov kev xeem thiab them tus nqi kawm ntawv.
