Koj puas tau pom tias qhov kev sib txuas ruaj khov zoo li "sib ntaus lub thoob" lossis "quaj qws kua muag" plam ntawm koj cov lus? Tab sis koj puas tau xav txog nws yog dab tsi, lawv tshwm sim li cas? Cov kev sib txuas no yog hu ua phraseological units. Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog nws yog dab tsi, koj yuav kawm me ntsis tom qab. Tej zaum txhua tus neeg tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv nws lub neej tau hnov cov lus "zoo li miv nrog dev." Tab sis koj puas tau xav txog qhov txhais tau tias "ua neej zoo li miv thiab dev"?
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no koj tuaj yeem paub tias lo lus no tshwm sim li cas thiab nws txhais tau li cas. Txoj kev kawm no nyuaj heev. Kab lus no yuav ua rau txoj haujlwm no yooj yim dua rau koj.
Dab tsi yog phraseological units
Yuav kom paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm chav tsev "nyob zoo li miv thiab dev", koj yuav tsum xub ua ntejnrhiav seb nws yog dab tsi tiag. Yog li, phraseologism yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov lus uas muaj lub ntsiab lus piv txwv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias kev sib xyaw ua ke, txawm hais tias nws muaj pes tsawg lo lus, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus, vim nws yog tag nrho cov kab lus uas nws muaj nws tus kheej semantics thiab ua ib qho kev ua haujlwm syntactic. Thaum xav txog txhua lo lus sib cais, lub ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov kab lus ploj. Yog hais tias koj xav txog nws, phraseologism yog ib tug idiom nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus. Cov lus sib xyaw ua ke no tau txiav txim siab keeb kwm.
Lawv muab kev xav thiab kev xav rau tib neeg hais lus. Ua kom cov lus qhia ntau ntxiv. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov ncauj thiab phau ntawv hais lus, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom lawv hauv cov ntawv tseeb.
muaj dab tsi?
Lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb pawg.
Ntawm cov lus sib xyaw ua ke, ob pawg ci ntsa iab tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- book;
- kwv txhiaj.
Phau ntawv muaj lub siab zoo (hu nkauj qhuas, ua pa tsw qab, tswm ciab haus luam yeeb, thawj violin), thaum cov neeg sib tham tuaj yeem hais lus tsis zoo thiab hais lus tsis zoo (muab bream, quaj qw qw qw)
Hais txog kev tsis sib haum xeeb, cov lus hais lus tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg:
- kev sib koom;
- kev sib haum xeeb;
- kev sib tw.
Yog li, thawj zaug yog hom kev sib txuas ruaj khov uas tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis pub dawb tau paub. Ib qho piv txwv yuav yog qhov kev qhia "ua rau koj ob lub qhov muag tawm". Yog li nws ua tauhais tias: "Anna tsis tuaj yeem coj nws lub qhov muag tawm ntawm lub hnub poob zoo nkauj," tab sis yog tias koj hloov pauv kev tswj hwm, ces yuav muaj kev sib koom ua ke "muab koj ob lub qhov muag tawm" (rau ib tus neeg) nrog lub ntsiab lus "kom tsis meej pem, dag."
Thib ob - cov lus ruaj khov ua ke ntawm cov lus uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hais lus duality: cov kab lus no tuaj yeem nkag siab ob qho tib si lus thiab piv txwv - raws li ib chav tsev semantic nrog nws lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv ntawm xws li kev sib koom ua ke: "kom ntxuav cov ntaub pua chaw qias neeg hauv pej xeem", "dab tsi yog ntuj raug txim tsis tso dag", "soap koj lub caj dab". Ob qho piv txwv ntawm kev siv cov kab lus "xab npum koj lub caj dab":
- Nrog lub ntsiab lus ncaj qha: "Thaum koj ntxuav, tsis txhob hnov qab rub koj caj dab kom zoo."
- Nrog lub ntsiab lus piv txwv: "Wow, Kuv yuav xab npum tus neeg phem lub caj dab!"
Qhov thib peb yog cov kab lus ruaj khov, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tiav semantic indivisibility. Lub fusion yog ib chav tsev semantic, homogeneous nrog lo lus, tsis muaj daim ntawv sab hauv. Lawv hu ua idioms. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lawv tsis tso cai rau kev nkag siab zoo. Cov kab lus hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua piv txwv ntawm fusions: "kom ntse lub laces", "yuav tau nyiaj", "ntawm koj tus kheej lub siab", "ua neej zoo li miv nrog aub". Lub ntsiab lus tom kawg tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus.
Yuav ua li cas phraseological units raws li kev sib piv nrog tsiaj tshwm sim?
Tau ntev heev, tib neeg pib sib piv tib neeg tus yam ntxwv thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tsiaj sib txawv. Piv txwv li, tus neeg tsis huv tuaj yeem hu ua npua, tus neeg tsis paub qab hau tuaj yeem yooj yimhu ua dais, thiab cov neeg ruam tau ntev hu ua luav. Txawm li cas los xij, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov kev sib piv no tsis tshwm sim vim qee lub ntsiab lus zoo, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov neeg thaum ub ntseeg tias tsiaj yog tib neeg hloov mus ua tsiaj los ntawm vajtswv rau lawv qhov txhaum. Yog li muab tus neeg rau ib tug tsiaj zoo ib yam li hu nws ua neeg phem.
Nws yog qhov tseeb los ntawm kev thuam tib neeg kev ua phem uas lawv tsim cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg uas cov tsiaj tshwm sim los ntawm tib neeg. Cov kev hloov pauv no tau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov dab neeg, dab neeg thiab ntau yam kab lus. Piv txwv ntawm phraseological units raws li kev sib piv nrog cov tsiaj: ib tug maub nees, zoo li ib tug ram ntawm lub rooj vag tshiab, ib tug bearish ces kaum, txawm ib tug hma howl, zoo li ib tug miv thiab aub, zoo li ib tug nas ntawm grits, tsis muaj hlwb, Kev ua haujlwm liab, pompous qaib ntxhw, dais kev pabcuam, saw aub, ntawm txoj cai noog, rov qab rau peb cov yaj, veal tenderness thiab lwm yam.
txhais tau tias ua neej zoo li miv thiab dev?
Yog li, tau txiav txim siab seb cov lus hais dab tsi yog, koj tuaj yeem mus ntxiv. Nws txhais li cas rau "ua neej zoo li miv thiab dev"? Qhov tseeb, txhua yam yog yooj yim heev. Phraseologism characterizes qhov phem, kev sib raug zoo hostile. Ua neej zoo li miv thiab dev txhais tau tias ua neej nyob, sib cav tsis tu ncua, tsis sib haum.
Chav tsev no muaj cov xim zoo nkauj thiab muaj kev sib tham, yog li koj yuav tsum zam nws hauv kev sib tham. Nws yog siv los ua ib pawg adverbial. Synonymous phraseological units yog cov lus hauv qab no: nyob ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tom, sib cav, sib cav sib ceg, ua txhaum kev sib raug zoo.
zaj lus no los txog li cas?
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm dev thiab miv yeej ib txwm coj txawv txawv, tsis sib haum xeeb thiab funny. Lawv sib ntaus sib tua, dev yeej nyiam caum miv, miv tsis nyob hauv nuj nqis thiab yooj yim teb rau cov dev tawm tsam.
Yog, qee zaum nws tshwm sim tias kev sib raug zoo ntawm miv thiab dev, tab sis nws yog qhov kev piav qhia tsis zoo ntawm lawv cov kev sib cuam tshuam uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm chav tsev phraseological. Vim hais tias, raws li tau hais dhau los, kev sib piv nrog cov tsiaj thawj zaug tsis muaj qhov zoo, qhov kev sib txawv no tau txuas ntxiv mus rau hnub no: muaj qee qhov kev sib piv nrog cov tsiaj uas tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo.
Piv txwv ntawm kev siv cov lus hais
Nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm tsab xov xwm no, ntau yam piv txwv ntawm kev siv lub phraseological chav tsev "nyob zoo li miv thiab aub" yuav nthuav tawm, uas yog:
- Ob niam txiv ib txwm sib cav, feem ntau, lawv nyob zoo li miv nrog dev.
- Txawm yog tus poj niam siv zog tag los, nws tus txiv tshiab thiab tus ntxhais nrhiav tsis tau ib hom lus thiab ua neej zoo li miv nrog dev.
- Ib nrab xyoo dhau los txij li thaum lawv pib nyob ua ke, tab sis kev hlub tseem nyob hauv lawv lub siab, txawm tias lawv nyob zoo li miv thiab dev.
- Sasha thiab Lekha nyob zoo li miv thiab dev, txawm tias lawv yog kwv tij.
- Cov tub ntxhais hluas feem ntau coj zoo li miv thiab dev rau cov uas lawv nyiam: lawv tseem tsis paub yuav ua li cas ua siab zoo.
- Tanya thiab Galya yog cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm, ob leeg kawm tau zoo, tab sis tseem nyobzoo li miv nrog dev.
Zoo kawg
Yog li, tam sim no koj tau nyeem tag nrho tsab xov xwm, koj yuav tsum tsis muaj lus nug txog qhov "ua neej zoo li miv thiab dev" txhais tau li cas thiab qhov kev qhia no tuaj ntawm qhov twg. Koj kuj tau txais kev nthuav dav tshiab, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, kev paub muaj txiaj ntsig txog cov kab lus thiab lawv cov hom feem ntau.
