Peb txhua tus paub zoo tias hluav taws xob yog qhov qhia tau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws xob. Ib tug tub kawm ntawv twg yuav qhia rau koj paub. Tab sis cov lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog qhov kev coj ntawm tam sim no thiab qhov twg cov khoom no mus tau tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam.
Lub plawv ntawm qhov teeb meem
Raws li koj paub, hauv ib tus neeg xyuas pib, hluav taws xob yog nqa los ntawm electrons, hauv electrolytes - los ntawm cations thiab anions (los yog yooj yim ions), nyob rau hauv semiconductors, electrons ua hauj lwm nrog thiaj li hu ua "qhov", hauv gases - ions nrog electrons. Nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity nyob ntawm seb muaj cov khoom siv dawb hauv cov khoom siv. Nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj hluav taws xob teb nyob rau hauv ib tug hlau conductor, tam sim no yuav tsis ntws. Tab sis sai li sai tau qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv tshwm sim hauv nws ob ntu, i.e. voltage yuav tshwm sim, chaos yuav nres nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm electrons thiab kev txiav txim yuav tuaj: lawv yuav pib thawb tawm ntawm lub rho tawm thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub plus. Nws yuav zoo li qhov no yog lo lus teb rau lo lus nug "Dab tsi yog qhov kev taw qhia ntawm tam sim no?". Tab sis nws tsis nyob ntawd. Nws yog txaus mus saib nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus encyclopedic los yog nyob rau hauv tej phau ntawvnyob rau hauv physics, sai li sai tau raws li ib tug tej yam contradiction yuav pom. Nws hais tias conventionally cov kab lus "tam sim no kev taw qhia" qhia txog cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov nqi zoo, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus: los ntawm ntxiv mus rau rho tawm. Yuav ua li cas nrog cov lus no? Tom qab tag nrho, muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab!
Lub zog cwj pwm
Thaum tib neeg kawm paub yuav ua li cas ua ib lub voj voog DC, lawv tseem tsis tau paub txog qhov muaj nyob ntawm hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm ntawd lawv tsis xav tias nws tau txav los ntawm rho mus rau ntxiv. Thaum Ampere tau thov nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th cov kev taw qhia ntawm tam sim no los ntawm ntxiv mus rau rho tawm, txhua leej txhua tus tau txais kev tso cai thiab tsis muaj leej twg tawm tsam qhov kev txiav txim siab no. Nws siv sijhawm 70 xyoo kom txog thaum tib neeg pom tias tam sim no hauv cov hlau yog vim qhov txav ntawm electrons. Thiab thaum lawv paub qhov no (nws tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1916), txhua tus tau siv rau qhov kev xaiv los ntawm Ampere uas lawv tsis hloov dab tsi.
Golden Mean
Hauv electrolytes, qhov tsis zoo them cov khoom txav mus rau cathode, thaum cov khoom zoo txav mus rau qhov anode. Tib yam tshwm sim hauv cov pa roj. Yog tias koj xav txog qhov kev taw qhia dab tsi tam sim no yuav nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tsuas yog ib qho kev xaiv los rau hauv siab: qhov kev txav ntawm cov hluav taws xob bipolar nyob rau hauv ib qho kev kaw Circuit Court tshwm sim ntawm ib leeg. Yog tias peb lees txais nqe lus no ua lub hauv paus, ces nws yuav tshem tawm qhov tsis sib xws tam sim no. Nws tuaj yeem yog qhov xav tsis thoob, tab sis ntau dua 70 xyoo dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txais cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj uas tawm tsam hauv kev kos npehluav taws xob nqi nyob rau hauv ib tug conducting nruab nrab yeej txav ntawm ib leeg. Cov lus no yuav muaj tseeb rau txhua tus neeg xyuas pib, tsis hais nws hom: hlau, roj, electrolyte, semiconductor. Ua li ntawd, nws tseem yuav tsum tau cia siab tias dhau sij hawm, physicists yuav tshem tawm qhov tsis meej pem hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab lees txais cov ntsiab lus tsis meej ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav tam sim no tom qab tag nrho. Tau kawg, nws nyuaj rau hloov tus cwj pwm, tab sis thaum kawg koj yuav tsum muab txhua yam rau hauv nws qhov chaw.
