Kab lus no yuav muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog qhov recrystallization annealing yog dab tsi. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau kev paub, lwm hom kev ua haujlwm nrog hlau yuav raug txiav txim siab, uas txhim kho nws cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm hlau, txo qis hardness thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv. Tag nrho cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau yog nyob ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov alloy, thiab cov qauv uas hloov cov qauv yog kev kho cua sov. Recrystallization annealing thiab ntau lwm hom kev kho cua sov tau tsim los ntawm D. K. Chernov, ntxiv cov ncauj lus no tau tsim los ntawm G. V. Kurdyumov, AA Bochvar, AP Gulyaev.
kev kho cua sov
Qhov no yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam cua sov ua haujlwm nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, nrog kev tuav thiab txias, uas tau ua nruj me ntsis hauv qee qhov sib lawv liag thiab nyob rau hauv cov qauv meej txhawm rau hloov cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov hlau. thiab tau txais cov khoom uas xav tau. Kev kho cua sov tau muab faib ua ntau hom. Annealing thawjhom, uas yog siv rau kiag li txhua yam hlau thiab alloys, tsis coj theem transformations nyob rau hauv cov khoom lub xeev. Recrystallization annealing yog siv los ua kom tiav cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no.
Thaum annealing ntawm thawj hom yog rhuab, lub zog ntawm atoms nce, tshuaj inhomogeneity yog kiag li tshem tawm los yog ib feem, thiab sab hauv kev ntxhov siab txo. Nws tag nrho nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab tuav lub sijhawm. Kev txias qeeb yog yam ntxwv ntawm no. Kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj kev no yog kev ntxhov siab rau kev ntxhov siab tom qab casting, vuam lossis forging, diffusion annealing, thiab recrystallization annealing.
Second Annealing
Qhov kev tshem tawm no kuj yog npaj rau cov hlau thiab cov hlau nplaum uas dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv thaum lub sij hawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub xeev annealing - ob qho tib si thaum cua sov thiab thaum txias. Ntawm no, cov hom phiaj yog me ntsis dav dua cov uas tau nrhiav los ntawm recrystallization annealing ntawm hlau. Annealing ntawm hom thib ob ua rau muaj kev sib npaug ntau dua rau kev ua cov khoom siv ntxiv. Graininess disappears, yog crushed, viscosity thiab plasticity nce, hardness thiab lub zog yog ho txo. Xws li hlau tuaj yeem raug txiav. Cov cua sov yog nqa mus rau qhov kub thiab txias ntau dua li qhov tseem ceeb, thiab qhov txias yuav tshwm sim nrog rau lub qhov cub - qeeb heev.
Tseem kev kho cua sov suav nrog kev sib zog ntawm cov alloys rau lub zog thiab hardness. Ntawm no, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov qauv tsis sib npaug yog tsim, uas ua rau muaj qhov tsis sib xws vim sorbite, troostite, thiab martensite. Qhov kub thiab txias siv kuj tseem ntau dua li qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis qhov txias yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub ceev heev. yam plaubKev kho cua sov - tempering, uas txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, txo cov hardness thiab ua rau kom cov tawv nqaij thiab ductility ntawm hardened steels. Thaum rhuab mus rau qhov kub thiab txias hauv qab qhov tseem ceeb, qhov cua txias tuaj yeem yog ib qho. Kev hloov pauv txo cov qauv tsis sib xws. Qhov no yog li cas recrystallization annealing ntawm steel ua haujlwm.
xaiv hom
Kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem ua ntej thiab zaum kawg. Thawj yog siv los npaj cov khoom ntawm cov khoom thiab nws cov qauv rau kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis ntxiv (kev txhim kho ntawm machinability, txiav, kev kho siab). Kev kho cua sov zaum kawg ua rau tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tiav. Yuav ua li cas cov recrystallization annealing hom raug xaiv nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov hom phiaj ntawm kev kho cua sov.
Im implies cua sov ntawm ib tug hlau los yog hlau saum toj no crystallization kub, thiab tsis tsawg tshaj li ib puas los yog ob puas degrees. Qhov no yog ua raws li qhov raug ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau lub sijhawm xav tau. Kev txias txias yog theem kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Cov tshuab no tau muab faib ua tag nrho, ib nrab thiab texturing annealing, thiab kev xaiv nyob ntawm seb lub hom phiaj ntawm recrystallization annealing.
Hauv kev xyaum, peb feem ntau siv tag nrho annealing, tab sis ntawm no koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau qhov tseeb tias steel annealing thiab hardening yog txawv txheej txheem. Thaum lub sij hawm recrystallization annealing txheej txheem, qee cov txheej txheem tau ua ua ntej qhov txias ua hauj lwm ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub siab los pab txhawb kev ua hauj lwm ntxiv nrog nws, los yogannealing yog cov zis hom kev kho cua sov, thaum cov khoom tiav lossis cov khoom tiav tiav tau txais cov yam ntxwv xav tau. Qhov no yog kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab, piv txwv li - rau kev tshem tawm qhov txias txias.
Rau kev sib cais ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying nyob rau hauv matrix thiab thiaj li yuav tau ib homogeneous microstructure nrog tib cov khoom siv, annealing yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb tov. Ferrous hlau xav tau recrystallization annealing ntawm qhov kub ntawm 950 thiab 1200ºC siv Durferrit Glühkohle los yog Durferrit GS 960 ntsev tov..
Zoos
Feem ntau, recrystallization annealing ntawm steels yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav coj cov qauv ntawm cov khoom mus rau qhov xav tau tsis uas tsim nyog rau kev ua hauj lwm ntxiv. Nws yog siv tom qab kev kho mob siab, yog tias qhov qeeb recrystallization tsis dhau tag, thiab qhov no tsis tso cai rau lub hardening tshem tawm.
Cov thev naus laus zis no feem ntau yog siv rau kub-dov hlau coils, qhov twg lub hauv paus yog txhuas, nrog rau tom qab txias dov ntawm nplooj ntawv, strips, foils los ntawm ntau yam alloys thiab non-ferrous hlau (ntawm no nws yuav tsum tau hais txog nickel recrystallization annealing), rods thiab xaim, txias-tsim steels thiab txias-draw kav. Ib txoj kev sib cais yog annealing hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam ib nrab thiab cov khoom siv los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau (xws li npib tsib xee).
Tswv cua kub
Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv yuav tsum muaj kev kho cua sov sib txawv. Feem ntau tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm tsis ntau tshaj li ib teev los ua kom tiav cov recrystallization annealing, tab sis cov kub tswj rau txhua alloy yog nws tus kheej. Yog li, magnesium-raws li alloys yuav tsum tau los ntawm 300 mus rau 400 ° C, nickel alloys yuav tsum tau los ntawm 800 mus rau 1150 ° C, carbon steels yuav tsum tau los ntawm 650 mus rau 710 ° C, uas recrystallization annealing yog yuav tsum tau. Lub melting point yog lawm tsis mus txog.
Aluminium alloys tsis xav tau ntau, txaus los ntawm 350 txog 430 ° C, thiab ntshiab aluminium recrystallizes ntawm qhov kub ntawm 300 txog 500 ° C. Los ntawm 670 mus rau 690 ° C titanium yog xav tau rau recrystallization, los ntawm 700 mus rau 850 ° C tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee compositions yuav tsum tau, los ntawm 600 mus rau 700 ° C tooj liab thiab tooj dag yog xav tau, thiab txawm tsawg ntshiab tooj liab, nws pib recrystallization los ntawm 500 ° C.. Xws li hom ntawm recrystallization annealing yog xav tau rau tej yam hlau thiab alloys.
Diffusion ua cov hlau
Hom kev sib cais no yog hu ua homogenizing, thiab nws tau ua tiav txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm dendritic cais tawm. Diffusion annealing yog xav tau rau cov hlau alloy qhov twg cov ductility thiab toughness Performance index yog txo vim intracrystalline segregation, uas ua rau lamellar los yog brittle fractures. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom ua tiav cov qauv sib npaug, thiab yog li kev kho diffusion ntawm cam khwb cia hlau yog tsim nyog. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txhim kho ob qho tib si cov yam ntxwv thiab ua kom cov khoom sib xws ntawm cov khoom thoob plaws hauv cov khoom tiav.
Ntawm no yog dab tsi tshwm simtxheej txheem: ntau theem yog yaj, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog leveled, pores tshwm thiab loj hlob, lub grain loj nce. Hom kev kho cua sov no yuav tsum tau ua kom ntev ntev ntawm cov hlau ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj qhov tseem ceeb (ntawm no peb tuaj yeem tham txog 1200 degrees Celsius).
Isothermal kho cua sov
Hom kev sib xyaw no tau pom zoo rau cov hlau hlau uas, ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, austenite decomposes rau hauv ferrite thiab cementite hauv qhov sib tov. Xws li decomposition tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lwm hom annealing yog tias maj mam txias vim qhov kub thiab txias tsis tu ncua. Yog li, qhov sib xws ntawm cov qauv ua tiav, lub sijhawm rau kev kho cua sov yog txo.
Cov txheej txheem isothermal annealing yog raws li hauv qab no: ua ntej, cua sov rau qhov ntsuas uas yuav dhau qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 50-70 degrees, tom qab ntawd txo qhov kub ntawm 150 degrees. Tom qab ntawd, qhov cua sov yog hloov mus rau lub qhov cub lossis da dej, qhov twg qhov ntsuas kub tsis tshaj 700 ° C. Lub sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem yuav nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau thiab qhov ntev geometric ntawm ib feem. Alloy compounds tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntau teev, thaum cov ntawv kub dov carbon steel siv sijhawm feeb.
Dab tsi
Nrog tag nrho annealing, recrystallization ntawm steel yog guaranteed, relieving cov hlau ntawm ntau yam yam ntxwv tsis xws luag. Hlau tau txais nws cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov yam ntxwv, softens rau kev txiav tom qab. Xav tauUa ntej kub nws mus rau qhov kub siab tshaj Ac3 los ntawm 30-50 degrees, sov nws, ces maj mam txias nws.
Feem ntau, kev raug mob tsawg kawg yog ib nrab teev, tab sis tsis pub ntau tshaj ib teev ib tuj ntawm cov hlau uas muaj cua sov ntawm 100 degrees Celsius ib teev. Tus nqi cua txias txawv nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau thiab nyob ntawm qhov ruaj khov ntawm austenite. Yog tias txias sai, cov qauv ferritic-cementite dispersed tej zaum yuav nyuaj dhau.
Tus nqi cua txias yog tswj los ntawm kev ua kom lub qhov cub txias nrog nws maj mam kaw thiab qhib qhov rooj. Nrog tag nrho annealing, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis txhob overheat lub alloy. Ib nrab annealing yog ua nyob rau hauv kub hauv qab Ac3, tab sis me ntsis saum Ac1.
Tom qab ntawd cov hlau yuav ib nrab recrystallize, thiab yog li nws yuav tsis tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag. Qhov no yog li cas steels uas tsis muaj ferritic banding raug kho, yog tias lawv tsuas yog yuav tsum tau softened ua ntej ntxiv thiab txiav. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov puv thiab tsis tiav, kuj tseem muaj texturizing recrystallization annealing.
Daim ntawv thov
Qee lub sij hawm annealing complements kub ua hauj lwm (kub-kuav los tiag coils, xws li txhuas alloys, yog annealed ua ntej txias dov kom tshem tawm cov hauj lwm nyuaj uas yog ua txhua yam tshwm sim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kub dov).
Annealing ntawm hom no yog siv ntau dua nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom thiab ib nrab tiav cov khoom los ntawm alloys thiab ntshiab non-ferrous hlau. Qhov no twb yog ib qho kev kho cua sov ua haujlwm ywj siab. Piv nrog rau cov hlau, ntau cov hlau uas tsis yog-ferrous raug rau kev ua haujlwm txias, tom qab ntawd recrystallization annealing yog tsim nyog.
Nyob hauv kev lag luam
Yog xav tau ib daim ntawv granular ntawm cementite, tuav cov hlau thaum lub sij hawm annealing kom txog rau thaum tiav recrystallization yuav kav ntev - ob peb teev. Rau txias deformation, uas feem ntau ua raws li annealing, nws yog granular daim ntawv ntawm cementite uas zoo tshaj plaws, uas tshwm sim thaum recrystallization nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nucleation thiab loj hlob ntawm undeformed nplej, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau cua sov rau ib tug tej yam kub.
Recrystallization annealing hauv kev lag luam yog thawj zaug ua haujlwm los faib cov yas rau cov hlau lossis hlau ua ntej ua haujlwm txias. Nws tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias deformation kom tshem tawm cov tawv tawv, thiab tseem yog cov txheej txheem kev kho cua sov kawg kom cov khoom lossis cov khoom tiav tiav tau txais cov khoom nws xav tau.
Yuav ua li cas
Thaum cua sov, cov hlau deformed ua rau kom muaj kev txav mus los ntawm cov atoms. Cov nplej qub tau nthuav tawm, dhau los ua qhov tsis yooj yim, cov nplej tshiab, twb muaj kev sib npaug thiab tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, muaj ntau heev yug thiab loj hlob. Lawv sib tsoo nrog cov laus, elongated sawv daws yuav, absorbing lawv mus rau hauv lawv txoj kev loj hlob mus txog rau thaum lawv tiav ploj lawm. Recrystallization ntawm steel thiab alloys yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm recrystallization annealing. Thaum rhuab tom qab ncav cuag qhov kub thiab txias, qhov tawm los thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom txo qis heev.
Tab sis plasticity nce, nws ua haujlwm los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Qhov kub ntawm qhov pib recrystallization yog hu ua qhov pib.recrystallization. Thaum nws mus txog, cov hlau softens. Qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsis tas li. Rau ib qho tshwj xeeb alloy lossis hlau, lub sijhawm cua sov, qib ntawm pre-deformation, qhov loj me me thiab ntau ntxiv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb sib npaug.
