Armenian kev sau ntawv sawv tawm vim nws qhov keeb kwm nthuav dav thiab cov neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas hais lus ntawm tib neeg. Lawv tus lej nce mus txog kwv yees li 6-7 lab tus tib neeg. Cov lus muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj thiab nthuav kev sau ntawv.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev sau ntawv Armenian
Cov tsiaj ntawv Armenian tau tsim los ntawm Mesrop Mashtots nyob ib ncig ntawm 405-406. Cov lus belongs rau Indo-European pab pawg neeg, muaj ib tug cus ciav timbre thiab nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb "temperament". Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog nws cov keeb kwm, cov lus tsis tu ncua hu rau cov lus ntawm Indo-European thiab non-Indo-European pawg, uas muaj xws li cov European (Romance, German), Slavic lus. Cov kev sib cuag no tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv kev sau ntawv Armenian.
Raws li qee qhov chaw, kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus Armenian tau pib nyob rau xyoo pua 7 ua ntej Yexus yug los. Cov lus tau hloov pauv ntau yam vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm Urartians, Phrygians thiab Cimmerians.
Tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua VI, thawj zaug muaj ib tug sau tseg ntawm Armenia lithaj chaw thiab haiv neeg. Lub teb chaws ywj pheej yav tom ntej tau hais tias yog thaj chaw uas yog ib feem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov huab tais Persian qub.
Cov lus Armenian yog kev hloov pauv thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ceg lus ntawm Indo-European thiab cov lus tsis yog Indo-European. Qhov no yog vim muaj ntau pua xyoo keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm Armenian kev sau ntawv ntawm lwm pab pawg lus, uas nws cov neeg sawv cev tau nkag mus rau thaj chaw no.
Kev sib kis ntawm cov lus Armenian
Tam sim no, cov lus Armenian feem ntau hais hauv Armenia (kwv yees li 4 lab tus neeg hais), hauv Asmeskas (1 lab), hauv Fabkis (250 txhiab) thiab hauv cov tebchaws xws li Iran, Syria, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Qaib ntxhw, Lebanon, Argentina, Libya, Uzbekistan thiab lwm yam, qhov twg tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg hais lus kuj qis - los ntawm 200 txhiab mus rau 50 los yog tsawg dua.
Lub sijhawm ntawm kev txhim kho kev sau ntawv thiab ntawv
Muaj peb lub sijhawm:
Ancient. Nws kav txij lub sijhawm nws pib mus txog rau xyoo pua 11th tom qab yug los ntawm Khetos. Kuj hu ua lub sijhawm qub Armenian; lub sij hawm ancient - lub sij hawm ntawm qhov pib ntawm txheej txheej ntawm lwm hom lus nyob rau hauv lub Armenian lus. Raws li cov kev xav ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no, qhov stratification tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm cuam tshuam ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Armenia los ntawm ib haiv neeg uas nws cov lus sib txawv ntawm Indo-European ceg. Muaj ib txoj kev xav hais tias Armenia yog Phrygian colony, uas nws tau los ua tom qab cov Cimmerians invaded ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw uas yog Phrygians. Hmoov tsis, muaj qhov txwv heevTus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm chroniclers ua tim khawv rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov lus Armenian, yog li nws nyuaj kom paub tseeb tias nws hloov zuj zus li cas, seb puas muaj cov phau ntawv qub hauv Armenian thiab lwm yam
- Middle lossis Middle Armenian. Nws kav rau XI-XVII centuries. Lub sijhawm no, kev faib cov lus rau hauv cov lus thiab cov qauv tsim. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev txav mus los. Cov txheej txheem no txuas ntxiv mus rau ob peb centuries thiab tshuav nws cov cim rau ib lub sijhawm.
- New. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas cov tsiaj ntawv tau tshwm sim, tuaj rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob, uas tseem siv niaj hnub no. Muaj ntau hom lus. Cov pej xeem ntawm Armenia tsuas yog siv sab hnub tuaj.
Armenian cov tsiaj ntawv nrog cov cim txhais
Cov tsiaj ntawv Armenian muaj 38 tus tsiaj ntawv, cuaj tus yog cov suab. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim, cov tsiaj ntawv suav nrog 36 tus tsiaj ntawv, suav nrog xya lub suab, thiab tom qab lub suab xws li "o" thiab tus tsiaj ntawv consonant Ė, lub ntsiab lus lub suab "f", tau ntxiv. Thaum cov tsiaj ntawv nyuam qhuav pib tsim, cov Armenians, suav nrog kev paub ntawm Greeks thiab Phyricians, qhia cov npe ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, uas ua rau nws yooj yim rau nco lawv.
Cov lus tau hloov pauv thaum Bolsheviks (ib pab pawg thib ob tsim tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm RSDLP rau hauv Bolsheviks thiab Mensheviks; cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm Vladimir Ilyich Lenin) koom nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, uas tau pib xyoo 1921.
Cov kev tsim kho tshiab qhia los ntawm Bolsheviks tsis muaj peev xwm tag nrho. Piv txwv li, tsab ntawv sau ua ke (los yog ligature) tau muaj npeconsonant tsis muaj ib tsab ntawv loj. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov ntawv hauv phau ntawv txhais lus kuj raug ua txhaum cai. Hauv qhov no, kev hloov pauv thib ob tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1940. Txawm hais tias kev ua raws li cov kev hloov pauv tau hais tseg, cov neeg hais lus ib txwm ntawm Armenian tsis coj lawv tiag. Thiab lawv tseem siv lus Armenian raws li lawv twb tau siv lawm.
