Keeb kwm ntawm kev sau ntawv tau tshwm sim ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los. Nws keeb kwm pib nrog thawj pob zeb paintings. Thiab qhov ua tau zoo dua nws tsim, qhov siab dua ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab cov khoom siv kab lis kev cai ntawm ib lub tebchaws twg. Kev sau ntawv niaj hnub no tsis zoo ib yam li thawj cov cim thiab cov cim.
Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm
Ideographic sau ntawv yog hom kev sau, cov cim uas qhia tsis ntau yam khoom raws li qhov kev xav paub daws teeb meem.
Qhov txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov duab yog qhov kos npe tau nyeem tsis yog hauv daim ntawv, tab sis hauv lub ntsiab lus, thiab txhais cov lus cais lossis nws qhov tseem ceeb. Yog vim li cas ideographic sau qhia cov lus tau hais meej dua.
Thaum thawj theem ntawm kev txhim kho kev sau ideographic, pictograms qhia txog cov khoom pom, thiab txhua yam uas muaj lub ntsiab lus tsis meej yog qhia los ntawm ideograms. Ntawd yog, tib lub kos npe rau hauv ib phau ntawv tuaj yeem nqa ob qho tib si lub ntsiab lus ncaj qha thiab ib qho piv txwv. Thawj cov cim ideographic qhov tseeb tseem yog cov duab kos yooj yim,me ntsis tom qab ntawd lawv pib sib koom ua ke. Piv txwv li, daim duab ntawm lub qhov muag, raws li lub cim ntawm kev sau duab, nqa cov ntaub ntawv hais tias nws yog "qhov muag", thaum nyob rau hauv ideographic sau tib "qhov muag" ntxiv rau lub cim rau "dej" txhais tau tias "tua" los yog "cry".
Nyob ntev, cov cim qhia txog kev sau ntawv tau ua kom ruaj khov thiab feem ntau nkag siab.
Exceptional feature
Qhov tshwj xeeb zoo uas muaj los ntawm kev sau ntawv yog lub peev xwm los kho cov duab paub daws teeb thiab cov ntsiab lus uas tau hais hauv cov lus. Cov cim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no txawv ntawm qhov lawv tau khi rau ib lo lus tshwj xeeb. Txhua lub cim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ideographic tsis qhia lub ntsiab lus grammatical lossis phonetic, tab sis qhia cov ntsiab lus thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib lo lus. Cov yam ntxwv no tau tshem tawm cov lus thaiv ntawm cov neeg uas muaj hom lus sib txawv.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev sau ntawv tuaj yeem sau tau ntev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias hom kev sau ntawv no muaj qhov yuav luag literal order fixation of the composition of lo lus. Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sau ntawv ideographic yog kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov cim duab thiab lawv tus lej. Qhov no coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias tus kws sau ntawv tau xaiv cov cim uas xav tau los ntawm kev npaj ua tiav, thiab tsis tau tsim lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam tsis zoo nuances. Cov brightest ntawm lawv yog:
- nws nyuaj heev los qhia cov ntawv sau ntawv;
- ntau tus cim;
- cov lus uas muaj lub ntsiab lus tsis meej yog hloov tsis tau.
Rapid evolution
Kev tsim cov ntawv sau ideographic tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam, kev tshwm sim ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm lub xeev thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv pej xeem. Lub sijhawm no, yuav tsum tau hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntim loj. Thiab yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog tsis yog tsuas yog kom paub txog cov cim kom raug, tab sis kuj ua kom rov tsim dua sai dua. Qhov no tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj. Kev sau ntawv Ideographic tau hloov pauv los ntawm qhov yooj yim schematic hieroglyph rau hauv lub cim, txhais tau tias ib feem ntawm cov lus lossis txawm tias kev hloov pauv uas nkag siab rau txhua tus. Nws cov cim tseem siv tau ntev, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem qhia tsis yog lub ntsiab lus pom xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov paub daws teeb meem.
pib ntawm lub suab cim
Kawm txog hom kev sau ntawv tus kheej, ib tus tuaj yeem pom thawj lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov cim qhia lub suab. Cov no yog qhov pib ntawm phonography. Cov kev hloov pauv no tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce kev txav ntawm tib neeg thiab kev txhim kho kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo. Rau tib lub laj thawj, ntau qhov kev sim tau ua kom yooj yim txoj hauv kev sau ntawv hieroglyphs.
Ib tug yog muab ob lub cim, piv txwv li, lub kua muag - "dej" thiab ib sab ntawm nws yog "qhov muag". Lwm qhov qhia tias ntxiv hieroglyphic affixes rau cov hauv paus hniav hieroglyphic. Ob leeg tau ua tsis tau zoo.
Kev sau ntawv tau tsim, xa cov kab lus hais tsis yog grammatically, tab sis kuj hu xov tooj. Cov lus nyuaj lossis cov lus loj pib muab faib ua ntu, yog li lub suab tshwm, uas suav nrog ib qho hieroglyph.
Ntau yam
Zoo heevdaim ntawv thov tau txais kev sau ideographic. Muaj cov piv txwv hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm ideography, ib tug piv txwv zoo yog sau ntawv ntawm Ancient Egypt. Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub yog cov thawj coj siv cov cim uas muaj lub ntsiab lus tsis meej. Tab sis muaj ntau thiab ntau cov lus, thiab cov ideograms tsis tau nce. Nws yog lub sijhawm los nthuav tsab ntawv. Pom tias kev hais lus yog tib lub ntsiab lus uas tsim cov lus, cov neeg Iyiv pib sau cov lus ib leeg nrog hieroglyphs, thiab tom qab ntawd suab. Yog li lawv tuaj rau cov tsiaj ntawv, txawm tias nws yog ib sab (vim lub peculiarities ntawm cov lus, vowels tsis tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb). Kuj tseem muaj kev txiav txim siab rau kev sau ntawv. Lawv piav txog homonyms, uas yog, cov lus muaj lub ntsiab lus sib txawv, tab sis hais tib yam.
Lwm hom yog cuneiform ideographic sau. Nws tau siv los ntawm Assyro-Babylonians thiab Sumerians (cov neeg ntawm Ancient Mesopotamia). Lawv "sau" ntawm no nrog ib tug finely sharpened reed chisel ntawm av nplaum vuas. Vertical kab mus ib tom qab ntawm sab xis mus rau sab laug, tsawg dua vice versa. Tom qab ntawd, vim qhov xav tau kom xa cov ntaub ntawv ntau, lub phaj yuav tsum tig 90 ° rau sab laug. Yog li ntawd, txoj cai qub dhau los ua tus ntug sab saud, thiab lub qub sab saud ua rau sab laug. Muaj ib tug coup ntawm kab rau hauv kab rov tav, thiab lawv pib sau los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis. Tib lub sijhawm, daim duab tau yooj yim thiab maj mam hloov mus ua lub cim.
Muaj cov piv txwv hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no. Ib qho piv txwv niaj hnub ntawm kev sau ideographic yog Tuam Tshoj. Hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm cov neeg no - txog 60,000 hieroglyphs. Tab sis nyob rau hauvqhov nruab nrab Suav siv tsis ntau tshaj ob lossis peb txhiab rau kev nyeem thiab sau.
Ideographic sau ntawv tseem muaj niaj hnub no
Cov cim lej lej yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm ib qho ideogram. Txhua lub cim qhia txog lub tswv yim paub daws teeb: faib, sib ntxiv, sib npaug, sib npaug, thiab lwm yam. Tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog cov lej. Tus lej lej 4: 2=2 yuav nkag siab los ntawm Suav, Asmeskas lossis Lavxias tib yam, txawm tias lawv yuav hais nws txawv.
Los yog piv txwv li lo lus "txiv neej". Lub Shanghainese yuav hais nws "ning", Catanese - "yang", thiab Pekingese - "zhen". Tab sis nws yog sau nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb kis yuav yog ib tug cim. Vim hais tias kev sau ntawv qhia txog lub tswv yim, tsis yog lub suab.
