Kev hlub, kev ntxub, kev qhuas, kev phooj ywg, kev khib… "Cov no yog kev xav" - koj yuav hais thiab koj yuav yog. Tab sis muaj lwm yam: tag nrho cov lus no qhia txog lub xeev, cov ntsiab lus uas tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag, kov thiab suav tsis tau. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov no yog abstract (los yog abstract) nouns.
Lab lus
hom lus yog dab tsi? Peb qhib phau ntawv siv "Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary" thiab pom tias qhov no yog daim ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo uas pab ib tus neeg los cuam tshuam txog qhov tseeb nyob ib puag ncig nws thiab nws tus kheej thiab pab ob qho tib si khaws cia tsim thiab tau txais kev paub tshiab txog kev muaj tiag. Koj tuaj yeem hais tias nws yog lub ntiaj teb mechanism. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub npe nyob rau hauv nws yog dab tsi? Nws yog undoubtedly ib feem ntawm nws - ib tug tshwj xeeb, irreplaceable, ib tug tseem ceeb lub ntsiab ntawm ib tug nyob, feem ntau complex ntaus ntawv. Thiab yog tias koj saib tob dua, ces lub npe abstract plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb sib npaug. Qhov twg - peb yuav tham txog qhov no ntxiv.
pob zeb thiab paub daws teebnpe
Txhua lo lus muaj nws lub ntsiab lus. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntsiab lus, cov npe tau muab faib ua cov lexical thiab grammatical pawg hauv qab no: pob zeb, paub daws teeb meem, sib sau ua ke thiab tiag.
Cov npe tshwj xeeb suav nrog cov lus qhia txog cov khoom lossis qhov tshwm sim uas muaj nyob hauv qhov tseeb: lub tsev, tus dev, rauj, lub rooj zaum, tsov, thiab lwm yam. Lawv muaj ob hom lus thiab ntau ntau yam.
Abstract (los yog paub daws teeb) nouns yog cov lus uas txhais tau hais tias tsis yog cov ntsiab lus xws li xeev, kev xav, zoo, khoom, kev ua. Lawv semantics presupposes qhov tsis muaj lub tswv yim ntawm cov qhab nia. Yog li, lawv tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov lus. Piv txwv li: kev xyiv fab, kev zoo nkauj, kev nyeem ntawv, kev ua siab ntev, kev ua siab ntev. Raws li txoj cai, lub npe paub daws teeb meem yog tsim los siv cov lus kawg -k-, -izn-, -in-, -tiy-, -niy-, -stv-, -atst-, -ost-, -from- thiab lwm yam.
Lwm qeb
Cov nouns yog lexical units denoting ib txheej ntawm cov khoom, cov neeg, raws li ib yam dab tsi indivisible, ib tug tag nrho: nplooj, cov txheeb ze, hluas, tais diav, rooj tog, thiab lwm yam. Lawv kuj tsis hloov nyob rau hauv cov zauv thiab tsis ua ke nrog cardinal. tus lej.
Thiab qhov kawg - lub npe tiag tiag uas qhia txog cov khoom uas muaj homogeneous nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, hauv pawg, thiab txawm tias muab faib ua ntu, khaws cov khoom ntawm tag nrho. Feem ntau lawv suav tsis tau. Tsuas yog ntsuas. Piv txwv li: nqaij nyuj, dej, khob noom cookie, qaub cream thiab lwm yam. Raws li, lawv tsis yoghloov los ntawm tus lej, tsis siv nrog tus lej cardinal.
hom lus
Peb txuas ntxiv los tham txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub npe tsis meej hauv cov lus, hauv kev xav txog qhov tseeb. Ntau tus kws paub lus Askiv ntseeg hais tias plaub pawg ntawm cov npe saum toj no yog, qhov tseeb, plaub theem ntawm kev xav txog qhov tseeb hauv cov lus: lus, kev xav, kev tshawb fawb ntuj thiab kev paub. Ntawm lawv txhua tus, tsuas yog ib qib zoo nkaus li tshwj xeeb thiab tawm tsam rau lwm qhov peb.
Piv txwv li, qib lus tau hais los saum toj no. Nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau no, cov nouns yog tawm tsam rau paub daws teeb, cov khoom thiab collective sawv daws yuav, vim tsuas yog lawv lub npe suav cov khoom thiab siv dawb do nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov lus thiab nyob rau hauv lub plural. Qhov seem yog cov khoom uas suav tsis tau.
Tab sis txij li tsab xov xwm no piav qhia txog lub npe tsis meej, cia peb tig mus rau theem kev xav ntawm kev xav txog qhov tseeb, txij li qhov no yog qhov uas nws txoj kev kav tsis sib haum pib.
philosophy
Ntawm theem kev xav ntawm kev xav ntawm kev muaj tiag, txhua yam khoom uas twb muaj lawm tau muab faib ua qhov zoo tagnrho thiab cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, lub npe abstract, uas lub npe zoo tagnrho, abstract objects, stands rau ntawm opposite sab ntawm pob zeb, tiag tiag thiab collective lub npe. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov trinity no txhais tau tias, feem ntau, ib yam khoom thiab sensually perceived.
Yog li ntawd, cov npe paub daws teeb meem (piv txwv li ua raws) yog ib pawg tshwj xeeb, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov tseeb uas tsuas yog muab lub npe rau cov khoom tsis muaj tseeb xws li: 1) cov cuab yeej paub daws teeb meem, kos npe ntawm cov khoom (yooj yim ntawm kev ya davhlau, khiav, ua, hnab); 2) kev coj cwj pwm tsis zoo, kev ua, kev ua ub ua no (kev nrhiav tau ntawm leej txiv, tus kws qhia ntawv, tus kws tshawb fawb; nrhiav tau lub tsev, phau ntawv, vaj tse); 3) abstract mus ob peb vas, kev xav, lub xeev uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau yam xwm txheej (kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, ntawm ib tug phooj ywg; stagnation nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm); 4) ib yam dab tsi speculative, sab ntsuj plig, uas muaj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub siab thiab tsis pom kev (unscrupulousness, justice, spirituality).
