Kev koom tes thiab koom nrog kev tsim ua lus Askiv, sib piv rau tib qho kev tsim kho hauv Lavxias, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv pom tseeb. Txhawm rau qhia lawv, cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus qhia yog siv - Present Participle (tam sim no participle) thiab Past Participle (yav dhau los participle).
Kev tsim ntawm kev koom nrog tam sim no
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia cov piv txwv. Txhawm rau tsim qhov kev koom tes tam sim no los ntawm cov lus qhia, koj yuav tsum ntxiv qhov xaus -ing rau nws.
| Vajtswv | Vajtswv txhais lus | Present participle / gerund participle | Kev txhais lus (as participle) | Kev txhais (as gerund) |
| Run | Run | Khiav | Khiav | |
| Nyeem | Nyeem | Nyeem | Nyeem | |
| Sing | Sing | Singing | Singing | |
| Jump | Jump | dhia | bouncing, dhia, dhia, dhia | dhia |
| Swim | Swim | Swimming | Floating | |
| Tawm | Tawm | Kev | taug kev, taug kev, taug kev, taug kev | Kev |
| Mloog | Mloog | Mloog | Mloog | |
| Qhib | Qhib | Qhib | Qhib | |
| Tau | Tau | Tau | Tau, tos, tos, tos | Tau |
Raws li cov piv txwv saum toj no qhia, qhov yooj yim grammatical tsim ua lus Askiv tuaj yeem hloov ob peb zaug hauv Lavxias.
Participle turnover nrog tam sim no participle
Kuv tuaj yeem txhais cov neeg koom ua lus Askiv li cas siv Present Participle? Hauv qab no yog qee qhov piv txwv.
| Example | Kev txhais lus |
| Cov me nyuam ua si nyob ib sab ntawm kuv luag nrov nrov | Cov menyuam yaus ua si ze kuv luag nrov nrov |
| tus ntxhais zaum pem hauv ntej ntawm tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws ntxim hlub thiab ntxim nyiam | Tus ntxhais zaum ntawm kuv tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj plaws ntxim hlub thiab ntxim nyiam heev |
| Koj yuav pom kuv tus kwv ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv nyeem ntawv xov xwm lossis ib qhotxhim kho phau ntawv | Koj yuav pom kuv tus tij laug zaum hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv nyeem ntawv xov xwm lossis phau ntawv qhia kev kawm |
| Tib neeg nyiam mloog nws hais txog tib neeg txoj cai thiab poj niam txiv neej sib luag | Tib neeg nyiam mloog nws tham txog tib neeg txoj cai thiab kev sib npaug ntawm txiv neej thiab poj niam |
| Tus txiv neej uas khiav tawm ntawm ib tug ntshai hound yog kuv tus kwv | Tus tub khiav tawm ntawm kev tua dev uas ntshai yog kuv tus kwv |
kab lus dav dav nrog cov neeg koom nrog tam sim no
Lwm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm Kev Koom Tes Tam Sim No yog tsim cov kab lus hais lus Askiv. Piv txwv ntawm cov kev hloov pauv no yog raws li hauv qab no.
| Example | Kev txhais lus |
| Nws tau qhia zaj dab neeg no luag thiab tso dag | Nws hais zaj dab neeg no thaum luag thiab tso dag |
| Thaum taug kev ntawm txoj kev lawv pom cov neeg txawv txawv hnav khaub ncaws ntsuab ntsuab | Taug kev ntawm txoj kev, lawv pom ib pawg neeg coj txawv txawv hnav khaub ncaws ntsuab ntsuab |
| Noj hmo nrog kuv txiv, tsis txhob hnov qab hais txog koj txoj haujlwm, lossis nws yuav tsis cia kuv ntsib koj dua | Thaum noj mov nrog kuv txiv, nco ntsoov tsis txhob hais txog koj txoj haujlwm lossis nws yuav tsis cia peb ntsib koj dua |
| Thov nws pab, nco ntsoov ua neeg zoo | Thaum thov nws pab, tsis txhob hnov qab ua neeg ncaj ncees |
| Nws tsis tuaj yeem qhia txog nws lub lis piamtsis hnav | Nws tham tsis tau txog nws lub lis piam yam tsis tau foom tsis zoo |
Kev koom tes yav dhau los
Cov kev koom tes yav dhau los hauv lus Askiv rau cov lus qhia tsis tu ncua yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov xaus -ed. Hauv qab no yog cov piv txwv.
| Vajtswv | Kev txhais lus | Past Participle | Kev txhais lus (as participle) | Kev txhais (as gerund) |
| Nyob | Login | Nyob | Logging in | |
| Decide | Txhob | Kev txiav txim siab | Kev txiav txim siab | |
| Create | Create | Created | Creating | |
| Invent | Invent | Invented | tsim, tsim, tsim, tsim | Inventing |
| Pawm | Npaj | siav, siav, siav, siav |
Cov Kev Koom Tes Yav Dhau Los rau cov lus qhia tsis xwm yeem tuaj yeem pom hauv kab thib peb hauv cov npe ntawm cov lus qhia no. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom txiav nws, tab sis kom nco nws yog tiag tiag. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv.
| Vajtswv | Kev txhais lus | Past Participle | Hloov (hauvraws li lub cim nco txog) | Kev txhais (as gerund) |
| Muas | Muas | Muaj | Muaj | |
| Pib | Start | pib | pib, pib, pib, pib | pib |
| Paj | Paj | Paj | Kev | |
| Pay | Pay | paid | Nyiaj |
Kev taw qhia los ntawm cov txheej txheem no, koj tuaj yeem siv zog khaws koj tus kheej cov piv txwv ntawm kev koom nrog yav dhau los ua lus Askiv.
Pass participle phrase
piv txwv yog dab tsi? Cov qauv no zoo li no.
| Example | Kev txhais lus |
| Lub tsheb nyiag nag hmo tseem tsis tau pom | Lub tsheb nyiag nag hmo tseem tsis tau pom |
| Cov phau ntawv coj los ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv ob hnub dhau los twb tau xa rov qab | Cov phau ntawv coj los ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv ob hnub dhau los twb tau xa rov qab lawm |
| vase tawg los ntawm me nyuam tsis kim heev | lub vase, muab los ntawm cov menyuam yaus, tsis kim heev |
| Npaj nyeem kuv lub lim tiam no yog qhov nthuav heev | Phau ntawv kuv nyeem ntawm noweekend, tau ntxim siab kawg li |
| tus txiv neej caw tuaj tog tsis tuaj | Tus txiv neej caw tuaj koom tsis tshwm sim |
Pass participle gerund
Koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov kev koom tes ua lus Askiv los ntawm kev sib piv nrog ib qho piv txwv hauv qab no.
| Example | Kev txhais lus |
| Ua haujlwm tiav, nws txiav txim siab mus tsev sai li sai tau | Tom qab ua haujlwm tiav, nws txiav txim siab mus tsev sai li sai tau |
| Hnub nag hmo nag hmo nws hais kom kuv tuaj | Hu nag hmo nruab nrab hmo nws hais kom kuv tuaj |
| Pab nws tus kheej, nws pib pab lwm tus | Nyob nws tus kheej, nws pib pab lwm tus |
| Muas khoom qab zib ntau, peb zoo siab thiab ua tiav | Muas khoom qab zib ntau, peb zoo siab thiab ua tiav |
| Pom ib tus neeg lub hnab nyiaj, kuv tus phooj ywg xa rov qab rau nws tus tswv | Nrhiav ib tug neeg lub hnab nyiaj, kuv tus phooj ywg xa rov rau nws tus tswv |
Muaj txoj cai: cov lus hais lus Askiv tsis raug cais los ntawm commas. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias intonation yuav tsum tau ncua sij hawm, lus Askiv cov cim ntawm no yog ho txawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab.
Nyob hauv kaw
Cov neeg koom thiab koom nrog hauv lus Askiv yog tsim los ntawm ob txoj hauv kev, zoo ib yam li ib leeg. Qhov no yog ib qho yooj yim algorithm thiabyooj yim rau tswv yog tias koj txheeb xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas cov qauv ntawm cov piv txwv cuam tshuam.
