Tus dej Tisza (Tisza, Tisza, Theiss) yog ib qho ntawm cov hlab ntsha tseem ceeb ntawm Central Europe thiab cov chaw loj tshaj plaws ntawm Danube. Nrog ib tug luv luv ntev ntawm 966 kilometers, nws muaj ib tug loj catchment cheeb tsam ntawm 157,186 km². Nws ntws los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Ukraine, Romania, Slovakia (nrog rau ntu luv luv ntawm ciam teb), Hungary thiab Serbia.
tus dej Tissa nyob qhov twg
Thaj chaw, Tisza nrog ntau tus ceg av qab teb nyob hauv lub hav Hungarian dav (Alfeld), ncab ntau txhiab mais. Los ntawm sab hnub poob, nws lub phiab yog ciam teb los ntawm Danube, thiab los ntawm sab qaum teb, sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb los ntawm lub dav horseshoe ntawm lub roob Carpathian.
Ua tsaug rau qhov kev pab no, tus dej muaj dej puv vim yog nag lossis daus hauv roob thiab qis qis qis tom qab nws nkag mus rau hauv hav. Ua ntej kev tsim kho ntawm cov kwj dej thiab cov kwj dej hauv cheeb tsam, kev puas tsuaj dej nyab thiab dej nyab ntawm thaj chaw loj heev tau tshwm sim ntau zaus.
yam ntxwv
Lub hydrology ntawm Tisza River yog nyob ntawm lub caij nyoog thiabkev siv dej nag. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav dej nyab, dej ntws mus txog 2,000-3,000 m 3/ s, thaum lub caij ntuj sov, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws qis heev uas nyob rau ntau qhov chaw nws muaj peev xwm ford channel. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo ntws hloov pauv li ntawm 800 m 3/ s. Kev taw qhia yog ua tau thaum lub sij hawm dej siab.
Tisza flora thiab fauna yog nplua nuj heev. Txog rau thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nuv ntses ntawm tus dej tau suav hais tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab kev siv tshuaj chiv thiab tshuaj lom neeg hauv kev ua liaj ua teb tau ua rau txo qis hauv cov khoom siv roj ntsha. Lub ichthyofauna yog ib qho zoo rau thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm sab av loj: perch, pike, pike perch, roach, ide, rattan, carp, catfish thiab lwm yam ntses. Ntawm cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj, peb nco txog greyling, kuv, trout, Danube salmon.
Ukrainian ntu
Tus dej Tissa yug hauv Transcarpathia, plaub mais saum lub nroog Rakhiv, ntawm qhov sib txuam ntawm ob lub roob ntws. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim kwj, nws nqis los rau hauv qab ntawm ib tug nqaim hav mus rau sab qab teb, bypassing xws li nyob rau hauv xws li Yasiny, Surdok, Kvasy, Balin Rakhov, Pleso thiab Bulin. Tom qab ntawd, "tuag dhau" los ntawm lub rooj vag Khust (ib txoj kev nqaim ntawm ob lub roob hluav taws), nws tig mus rau sab hnub poob, ua rau thaj tsam 40-kilometer ciam teb ntawm Ukraine thiab Romania. Thaj chaw no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm - ib txoj hauv kev qub dhau los ntawm Carpathians tau muab tso rau ntawm no. Thiab niaj hnub no muaj ib txoj kev thiab txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau txuas rau thaj tsam Transcarpathian thiab Ivano-Frankivsk.
Nyob rau saum toj, qhov dej nyab tsis muaj los yog nqaim30-60 meters ntev. Intermountain gorge-zoo li thaj chaw yog cov yam ntxwv, qhov twg Tisza River nqaim, tsim nrawm nrawm. Tau mus txog Transcarpathian lowland, tam sim no calms down, channel diav rawg, tsim ntau islets. Hauv seem no, tus dej tau txais ntau txoj hauv kev:
- Shoppurka;
- Iza;
- Vis;
- Teresva;
- Tereblya;
- Rika.
Lub nroog xws li Sighetu-Marmaciei, Sapanta, Tyachev, Khust, Vinogradov sawv ntawm nws txoj kev. Hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev sib hais haum Tysabech, 25-kilometer Ukrainian-Hungarian seem ntawm ciam teb pib. Tom qab ntawd Tisza "dhia" rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm Hungary thiaj li mus txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv Ukraine dua. Kev hla ib qho chaw thauj khoom tseem ceeb - lub nroog Chop, tus dej thaum kawg tawm hauv lub tebchaws.
Hungarian ntu
Tus Dej Tisza ntws los ntawm Hungary qhov twg? Hauv cheeb tsam Zahony, cov dej ntws hloov kev taw qhia ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob. Lub tsev txhab nyiaj txoj cai ntawm ib qho me me 5-kilometer seem belongs rau Slovakia, thiab tom qab ntawd Tisza tag nrho mus rau Hungarian thaj chaw.
Tawg tawm mus rau qhov tiaj tiaj tiaj, tus dej ntws qeeb. Yav dhau los, thaj chaw no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau ceg ntoo, oxbows, pas dej thiab swamps. Tau ntau txhiab xyoo, cov pej xeem hauv cheeb tsam raug kev txom nyem los ntawm dej nyab muaj zog, dej nyab raws caij nyoog thiab dej nyab uas tau thov ntau txhiab tus neeg txoj sia, rhuav tshem cov qoob loo thiab cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Austria-Hungary tau ua haujlwm hnyav av reclamation kom ncaj cov channel thiab tswj cov ntws. Ua damsdams, reservoir. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm tom kawg yog lub pas dej Tisza. Raws li nws cov yam ntxwv, nws yog piv rau lub npe nrov Balaton, yog li nws yog ib qho chaw mus ncig ua si nrov.
Tom qab 80 km raws Alfeld (sab hnub tuaj ntawm Hungarian Plain), tus dej Tissa siv rau hauv cov dej ntws puv ntawm Bodrog thiab hloov cov kev taw qhia ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab qab teb, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau sab hnub poob. Tshooj no yog winding heev: ntawm 20-kilometer ntu, qhov ntev ntawm cov channel tshaj 40 km. Qhov no yog thaj av nto moo uas tsim cov Tokay wines zoo heev.
Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm kev sib hais haum Tysabor, qhov ntws rov rushes mus rau sab qab teb hnub poob ntau pua kilometers, mus txog rau lub nroog loj ntawm Szolnok. Tsis tas li ntawd, Tissa txoj kev nyob rau sab qab teb, mus rau ciam teb nrog Serbia. Hauv seem Hungarian, cov ceg loj loj yog:
- Bodrog;
- Chiot;
- Keresh;
- Marosh.
Serbian Section
Tissa River ntws qhov twg hauv Serbia? Bypassing Hungarian ciam teb lub nroog ntawm Szeged, cov dej ntws nkag mus rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub autonomous xeev ntawm Vojvodina. Av reclamation ua hauj lwm ntawm no tsis tau ua li ntawd, yog li ntawd lub channel yog winding, zigzag-zoo li.
Lub nroog xws li Kanjiza, Novi Knezevac, Senta, Padedj, Ada, Mol, Bechey, Titel thiab Kchananin nyob ntawm ntug dej. Muaj ob peb tributaries hauv seem no, qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv yog Bega. Tsis deb ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Stary Slank (35 km saum Belgrade), Tisza sib koom nrog Danube.
