Tus adjective - ib qho lus Askiv hauv lus Askiv qhia txog qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev kawm (kev kawm) hauv peb qib. Raws li hom (yooj yim los yog complex, uas yog, monosyllabic los yog polysyllabic), koj tuaj yeem tsim ib qho kev sib piv los yog superlative degree ntawm adjective.
Lo lus denoting xim (dawb, liab, xiav), zoo ntawm ib tug neeg thiab cov khoom (kev txawj ntse, muaj zog, ntshai, huv si, ntub) yog tag nrho cov adjectives.
Txoj cai rau kev tsim cov qib ntawm qhov yooj yim (monosyllabic) adjectives
Degrees ntawm kev sib piv ntawm adjective:
- degree zoo - degree zoo;
- comparative degree - comparative degree;
- superlative degree - superlative degree.
Ib qho yooj yim superlative degree ntawm ib qho adjective yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv cov lus -est yog tias lo lus yooj yim (monosyllabic). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov superlative degree yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ib qho kev qhia rau lub npe.tsab xov xwm (tus), txij li thaum peb tsis tau tham txog ib qho yooj yim (kub nyob rau hauv ib kab lus los yog nyob rau hauv ib kab lus), tab sis hais txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws hom.
Cov piv txwv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv ib lub suab lus nyob rau hauv qib superlative:
- strong - lub zog tshaj (muaj zog - lub zog tshaj lossis muaj zog tshaj);
- ntse - lub ntse tshaj (ntse - lub ntse tshaj los yog ntse tshaj);
- clever - the cleverest (smart - the smartest or smartest);
- neat - tus zoo tshaj (zoo - tus zoo tshaj los yog zoo tshaj);
- luv - luv tshaj (luv - luv tshaj lossis luv tshaj);
- Sab hnub tuaj lossis sab hnub poob yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws - Sab hnub tuaj lossis sab hnub poob - tsev zoo dua (ib qho piv txwv ntawm lo lus Lavxias "Tawm yog qhov zoo, tab sis tsev zoo dua").
Yog tias ib qho lus xaus hauv -y, zoo li lwm yam lus zoo sib xws, tsab ntawv no hloov mus rau -i. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd ib qho kev qhia ntawm superlative degree ntxiv, uas yog, qhov kawg -est:
- naughty - naughtiest (naughty - naughty tshaj plaws);
- pretty - prettiest (charming - the most adorable);
- dry - driest (dry - the driest);
- noisy - nrov tshaj (nrog - lub suab nrov tshaj);
- zoo siab - zoo siab tshaj (zoo siab - zoo siab tshaj);
- dirty - dirtiest (dirty - qias neeg);
- ntshai - messiest (sloppy - the most sloppy).
Cov lus yooj yim ua raws li txoj cai: dab tuag (dab tuag, dab tuag), tsis khoom (busy).
Txoj lus,xaus rau hauv e vowel poob tsab ntawv kawg:
- nice - nicest (zoo - qhov zoo tshaj los yog nicest);
- white - whitest (dawb yog whitest lossis whitest);
- rare - rarest (tsis tshua muaj - qhov rarest lossis rarest).
Hauv ib lub suab lus yooj yim, tus lej yog ob npaug tom qab tus lej luv:
- big - biggest (loj - biggest);
- fat - fattest (fat - fattest);
- red - reddest (liab yog reddest);
- hot - kub tshaj (kub - kub tshaj plaws).
Txoj cai tib yam suav nrog cov lus: tu siab (tu siab, tu siab), kub (kub), ntub dej (ntub).
Sample kab lus:
Tebchaws Europe yog thaj av loj tshaj plaws - Tebchaws Europe yog thaj av dav tshaj plaws.
Oceania yog thaj av me tshaj - Oceania yog thaj av me tshaj.
Kev zam rau txoj cai
Qhov kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov lus Askiv yuav tsis raug tsim raws li cov cai. Cov piv txwv no, cov neeg uas kawm lus Askiv thaum xub thawj, sim nco ntsoov ntawm lub siab lossis ib txwm muaj daim ntawv dag nrog lawv:
- zoo - zoo tshaj (zoo - qhov zoo tshaj);
- bad - phem tshaj (tsis zoo - qhov phem tshaj);
- me - tsawg kawg (me - tsawg tshaj plaws);
- ntau, ntau - feem ntau (ntau - feem ntau lossis loj tshaj).
Cov npe qub (laus) ntxiv rau nws qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov txawv los ntawm ob hom superlatives. Feem ntau hom:
old - qub tshaj plaws (laus - laus tshaj lossis tshaj plawslaus)
Tab sis thaum hais txog cov neeg hauv tsev neeg (cov neeg ib txwm nyob), siv lwm daim ntawv:
old - tus hlob (laus - laus tshaj lossis laus tshaj)
Piv txwv kev siv
Exceptional superlative adjective. Kev siv piv txwv:
Kuv daim ntawv pov thawj ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws - Kuv daim ntawv kawm tiav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Txoj kev sib tw no muaj kev tsim tawm phem tshaj plaws - Lub phiaj xwm no muaj kev tsim tawm phem tshaj.
Kuv tus tub yog tus me tshaj hauv chav kawm - Kuv tus tub yog tus me tshaj hauv nws chav kawm.
Phau ntawv no yog qhov qub tshaj plaws hauv kuv lub tsev qiv ntawv - Phau ntawv no yog qhov qub tshaj plaws hauv kuv lub tsev qiv ntawv.
Peb yawm txiv yog tus hlob ntawm tsev neeg - Peb yawm txiv yog tus hlob ntawm tsev neeg.
Sim ua kom pom cov lus qhia hauv qab no:
- new (new);
- fast (ceev);
- siab (siab);
- cheap (cheap);
- nqi (kim).
Tsim cov qib ntawm polysyllabic adjectives
A polysyllabic adjective yog ib qho uas muaj ntau tshaj ib lub suab, piv txwv li ib tug ua ke ntawm ib tug consonant thiab ib tug vowel.
Hauv qhov no, kev tsim kho tshwj xeeb ntau dua - feem ntau, twb paub los ntawm cov lus piav qhia dhau los, yog siv. Cov qib superlative los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke no tsuas yog hloov pauv rau cov lus hais:
- xav - qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws (xws li - xis tshaj lossisxis mas);
- interesting - qhov nthuav tshaj (interesting - qhov nthuav tshaj plaws los yog nthuav).
Tseem nrog cov lus: nrov (nrov), zoo nkauj (zoo nkauj).
Lwm cov kev sib piv nrog cov npe
Qhov qib superlative ntawm ib qho adjective tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm lwm qhov kev sib piv.
Kev sib txuas ntau dua (tshaj) yog siv yog tias qib ntawm qhov zoo ntawm ib yam khoom piv nrog rau qib siab ntawm lwm tus:
chav no loj dua li - Chav no loj dua li ntawd.
Zoo dua lig dua tsis tau - Zoo dua lig dua tsis tau.
Ob lub taub hau zoo dua ib - Ob lub taub hau zoo dua ib.
Green gallary is wider than red - Ntsuab gallery is wider than red.
Antarctida loj dua Oceania - Antarctica loj dua Oceania.
Siv as…as construction (same…as, same…as). Hauv qhov no, cov lus qhia tau muab piv rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov thiab xws li:
Phau ntawv no txaus siab li ntawd - Phau ntawv no nthuav li ib tus.
tsheb daj ceev li ntsuab - lub tsheb daj ceev li ntsuab.
Tus kws kho mob no ntse li tus ntawd - Tus kws kho mob no ntse li tus ntawd.
Txoj kev tawm dag zog
1) Quiz. Sim teb cov lus nug uas siv cov lus sib piv nrog cov adjectives.
Lub tebchaws twg me dua? (Scotland lossis England)
Lub teb chaws twg yog tus thov? (Russia lossis Spain)
uas yog lub teb chaws loj tshaj plaws ntawm pebntiaj chaw?
Ntawm dej hiav txwv loj tshaj ntawm peb ntiaj chaw?
Lub nroog twg laus? (Moscow los yog London)
Lub tebchaws twg tsawg tshaj plaws? (Vatican City los yog Monaco)
2) Nyeem qhov kev sib tham ntawm ob tus phooj ywg Alison thiab Tony thiab sim nkag siab tias lawv tham txog dab tsi.
Alison: Kuv tus miv loj. Nws yog qhov zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj. Koj tus dev ruam tshaj kuv tus miv.
Tony: Kuv tus dev loj dua koj tus miv. Zoo nkauj tshaj koj tus miv.
Alison: Kuv lub tsev tshiab dua koj lub tsev. Nws yog qhov tshiab tshaj plaws hauv peb txoj kev.
Tony: Tsis yog, tsis yog. Koj lub tsev laus dua kuv lub tsev. Koj lub vaj me dua kuv lub vaj.
Alison: Yog, nws yog. Tab sis nws zoo nkauj dua. Nws yog lub vaj zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv peb lub nroog.
Tony: Peb lub tsheb loj dua, tshiab dua, xis dua thiab kim dua koj lub tsheb.
Alison tus miv: Alison nrawm thiab ntse li Tony.
Tony tus dev: Tony nrawm thiab ntse li Alison.
