Cov tub rog Turkish tau ntau pua xyoo ua ke tseem yog ib lub zog muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Middle East. Rau xya puas xyoo, cov tub rog Turkish tau kov yeej ntau thiab ntau thaj chaw tshiab thiab tsim cov fortifications raws ciam teb ntawm nws lub xeev. Cov tub rog Turkish tau tsim ntau dua 700 xyoo dhau los, thiab thaum lub sijhawm nws muaj nyob, cov tub rog Ottoman tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, lo lus nug "dab tsi yog lub npe ntawm cov tub rog Turkish" tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yam tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm cov tub rog Turkish tag nrho.
lub sijhawm ua ntej tsoomfwv
Lub teb chaws Ottoman loj muaj ib tug yawg koob - Seljuk Sultanate. Qhov kev tsim no muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th, muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm cov txheeb ze thiab ib pab tub rog muaj zog heev. Cov tub rog Turkish ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog ib tug qub qhev ghoul uas tau khiav tawm ntawm Byzantium, lossis cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Scythians thiab Sarmatians uas nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub.
Lub sijhawm ib puas xyoo, Seljuk Khaganate ob peb zaug dhau los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm Mongols. Thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv Mehmed 1, ib pab tub rog tau tsim, uas tau los ua tus qauv ntawm Turkisharmed rog.
Tus qauv ntawm cov tub rog Turkish
Cov tub rog Turkish tau ua tiav los ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th. Nws yog thaum ntawd lo lus "nug" tau tshwm sim, uas txhais tau tias - tub rog, tub rog, tub rog Turkish. Lub npe tau ntxiv dag zog tsis yog hauv kev ncig sab hauv - qhov no yog li cas cov tub rog Turkish pib hu ua lwm lub tebchaws.
Cov tub rog muaj ob peb pab tub rog loj uas ua haujlwm ntau yam:
- Infantry (piade or ya). Nws tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg peasants lav rau kev ua tub rog. Thaum nyob kaj siab lug, lawv tau ua lawv txoj hauj lwm tam sim ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau tsiv, thiab lawv tau ua tub rog, thaum tau txais nyiaj hli.
- Cov tub rog (mussel) raug xaiv los ntawm cov nom tswv txom nyem, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb muaj nyiaj, leej twg tuaj yeem yuav nees tuaj yeem koom nrog.
- Cavalry (akyndzhi) - lub teeb cavalry ntawm hom Turkic, xaiv rau kev ua tub rog caij nkoj lossis kev tshawb nrhiav haujlwm.
- Janissaries. Lawv raug recruited los ntawm qhev hloov dua siab tshiab rau Islam, coj los ntawm lub xeev. Tom qab ntawd, Janissaries tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej sab hauv ntawm lub tebchaws.
Ntxiv rau qhov kev faib ua haujlwm, cov qauv ntawm cov tub rog tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg loj raws li txoj hauv kev los txhawb nqa. Muaj cov tub rog tseem ceeb koom nrog hauv txhua txoj haujlwm ua tub rog, pab pawg ua haujlwm uas tau ua haujlwm tsawg; cavalry, tsim los ntawm cov kev kawm ntawm lub Turkish Sultan, thiab cavalry, muaj xws li cov uas them tribute.
Capicules
Sib ntaus sib tua qaum teb ntawm Ottomancov tub rog. Cov tub rog Turkish "kapikuly" tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv infantry, cavalry lossis cavalry. Ntau tus neeg tseem ceeb tau raug xaiv los ntawm cov menyuam yaus ntseeg uas tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau Islam. Ntxiv nrog rau cov kev cai ntawm cov tub rog medieval - infantry, cavalry thiab artillery, lub capicule suav nrog jebeji - cov kws ntaus hlau thiab phom uas kho thiab tsim cov khoom siv tub rog; sakka, nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog coj dej mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua; sipahi lossis ulufeli - cov tub rog uas ua haujlwm tswj hwm.
Seratkul
Ib tug tub rog txhawb nqa los ntawm kev koom tes los ntawm cov xeev thiab subordinate rau lawv. Seratkul cov tub rog tsuas yog sib sau ua ke thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Ib tug tub rog Turkish Seratkul tuaj yeem yog:
- azebs - ib pab tub rog ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb dawb, raws li txoj cai, tau kawm zoo thiab siv tau phom;
- seimens - cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tsis muaj kev cob qhia thiab ua tub rog tsis zoo uas tau npaj tsuas yog thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev;
- isarely - tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tub rog engineering ua haujlwm rau cov phom loj;
- dzhundzhyuly - tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tub rog ciam teb saib xyuas ciam teb;
- dely - tus neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb uas tau txais los ua tub rog thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov.
Toprakly
Turkish toprakli tub rog tub rog feem ntau yog ib tug nees nees uas muaj nws lub tebchaws, uas tau muab nws tus kheej rau nws ua khoom plig rau kev ua tub rog. Nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, xws li ib daim av tau hu ua flax. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev tshaj tawm ua tsov ua rog, toprakly ntawm nws tus kheej yuav ib tug nees, riam phom,cov khoom siv thiab tau mus rau kev sib tw nrog nws cov tub rog tub rog.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, ntau yam ntawm cov tub rog Turkish thiab cov tub rog tau ua rau muaj peev xwm ntawm cov npe sib txawv rau cov tub rog Turkish.
