24 Lub Ib Hlis 2018 yog hnub tseem ceeb ntawm hnub yug ntawm Dmitry Nikolaevich Ushakov, tus kws sau phau ntawv txhais lus uas tau sau 4 phau ntawv piav qhia thiab sau phau ntawv txhais lus. Nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm me me tab sis cov ntaub ntawv, peb yuav qhia rau koj txog lub neej ntawm Lavxias teb sab philologist, nws zoo nyob rau hauv linguistics, thiab muab ob peb memoirs ntawm cov npoj yaig txog Ushakov.
Ib tug txawj lus Askiv, thawj tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lavxias teb sab orthoepy, thiab ib nrab sijhawm editor thiab sau ua ke ntawm ib qho ntawm cov lus piav qhia ntawm Lavxias, Dmitry Nikolaevich Ushakov yug rau Lub Ib Hlis 24, raws li tus qauv tshiab, hauv 1873 nyob rau hauv Moscow. Ua ke nrog nws tsev neeg, nws nyob ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm Krestovozdvizhensky Lane thiab Vozdvizhenka.
Thaum me ntsis Dima muaj hnub nyoog 2 xyoos, muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim hauv tsev neeg: nws txiv, tus kws kho qhov muag pom kev zoo hauv Moscow, tuag. Ces tus me nyuam los nyob hauv nws niam nws txiv lub tsev. Nws yawg ua hauj lwm ua archpriest nyob rau hauvAssumption Cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin.
Tus tub tau txais kev kawm theem pib hauv tsev.
- Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 9 xyoos (hauv xyoo 1882), me ntsis Dima nkag mus hauv Moscow gymnasium, qhov chaw nws kawm tau 6 xyoo.
- Xyoo 1889, nws tau tsiv mus rau qib 7 ntawm gymnasium No. 5, uas nyob rau ntawm kaum ntawm Bolshaya Molchanovka thiab Povarskaya.
- Nyob rau xyoo 1891, ib tug kawm tiav ntawm gymnasium, Dmitry Nikolaevich Ushakov, uas nws biography peb tab tom txiav txim siab, nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm keeb kwm thiab Philology.
Lub sijhawm ntawd, Ushakov tus kws qhia ntawv yog xibfwb Philip Fedorovich Fortunatov, deb ntawm daim duab kawg hauv Lavxias teb sab lus.
kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb
Tom qab kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv, Ushakov nkag mus rau kev pabcuam hauv tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw uas nws qhia menyuam yaus cov lus Lavxias thiab ntawv nyeem rau 17 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1907, nws ib txhij qhia nyob rau hauv Moscow State University. Nws muaj ntau tshaj 28 xyoo ntawm kev qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm no, Ushakov tuav txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus pab xib fwb, thiab ces nws tau nce mus rau cov laus pab, ib tug me ntsis tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua ib tug full-time assistant xib fwb, thiab, thaum kawg, nws tau txais lub npe ntawm xib fwb. Nyob rau hauv lub lig 1930s, Ushakov Dmitry Nikolaevich coj lub Slavic sector nyob rau hauv lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm lub Soviet Union. Thoob plaws hauv nws txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb thiab kev qhia txuj ci, Dmitry Nikolaevich tau qhuab qhia ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws cov lus tau mloog nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm pedagogical siab dua, ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tub rog pedagogical, thiab tseem nyob ntawm Bryusov Literary Institute.
Nws sau thawj phau ntawv hauv tsev rauLinguistics, uas tau luam tawm 9 zaug!
Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1936, Ushakov tau txais kev kawm tiav ntawm Kws Kho Mob ntawm Linguistics, thiab 3 xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm Academy of Sciences ntawm Soviet Union.
Thaum kev tsov rog loj kawg nkaus pib, nws tau khiav tawm mus rau Uzbekistan.
Ib xyoos tom qab, Lub Plaub Hlis 17, 1942, Dmitry Nikolaevich Ushakov tuag hauv lub nroog Tashkent.
Qhov zoo ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb uas txhua tus kws tshawb fawb thiab tsis yog tsuas yog yuav tsum paub txog
Dmitry Ushakov tau nto moo ntawm cov neeg ua tus sau phau ntawv txhais lus piav qhia, uas tau luam tawm nyob rau nruab nrab-1930s. Ushakov coj ib pawg kws sau ntawv, uas suav nrog cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tshua muaj txuj ci: Vinogradov, Vinokur, Ozhegov, Tomashevsky thiab lwm tus kws tshawb fawb.
Ntxiv rau qhov tseeb tias tus kws tshawb fawb tau sau phau ntawv txhais lus piav qhia, Dmitry Nikolaevich Ushakov tau pab txhawb rau cov lus Lavxias tsis yog tsuas yog hauv kev ua lej, tab sis kuj suav nrog kev sau ntawv thiab dialectology..
Tus kws tshawb fawb tau txhawb nqa kev hloov pauv ntawm Lavxias Lavxias, thiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nws tau luam tawm phau ntawv "Lavxias Spelling". Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb tau ua raws li kev hloov kho kev sau ntawv Lavxias tsuas yog xyoo 1918.
Nyob rau hauv 1915 Ushakov Dmitry Nikolaevich, uas nws daim duab koj pom hauv qab no, coj lub dialectological commission ntawm lub Soviet Academy ntawm Sciences. Lub hom phiaj ntawm pawg thawj coj no yog los tsim ib daim ntawv qhia lus rau cov European ib feem ntawm lub Soviet Union, nws qhia txog cov lus ntawm cov neeg Slavic: Russians, Ukrainians thiab Belarusians.
Los ntawm kev nco txog niaj hnub
- Avanesov Ruben Ivanovich, tus kws sau ntawv Soviet thiab cov npoj yaig ntawm Dmitry Ushakov, qhuas nws txoj haujlwm hauv nws cov ntawv sau cia. Nws tau sau tseg tias Ushakov tau tsim thiab siv lub cev hnyav thiab ntau yam ntawm cov cim hauv cov ntsiab lus stylistic. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus nkag ntawm kev piav qhia dictionaries, peb pom litters: phau ntawv, lus, lus. thiab lwm yam.
- Reformatsky Alexander Alexandrovich nco qab tias Ushakov nyiam sib txuas lus nrog tib neeg. Nws koom tes nrog cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov neeg ua yeeb yam, kws kho mob, cov neeg hu nkauj thiab cov thawj coj ntawm ntau lub tuam tsev uas tau kawm ib nrab. Nws pom tias Dmitry Nikolayevich tau qhia nws cov npoj yaig kom tsis txhob cais lawv tus kheej ntawm lub neej nyob ib puag ncig lawv, tab sis kom paub meej cov neeg Lavxias.
Nyob hauv kaw
Yog li, peb tsab xov xwm tau xaus. Lavxias teb sab philologist thiab linguist Dmitry Ushakov yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas hlub koj hom lus thiab ua hauj lwm nyuaj. Thiab txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev khiav tawm hauv Tashkent, ib xyoos ua ntej nws tuag, Dmitry Nikolayevich pib kawm Uzbek lus, thiab tom qab ntawd sau ib phau ntawv me me Lavxias teb sab-Uzbek.
