Cov qog nqaij hlav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov zaub mov noj los ntawm tus neeg. Namely, lawv secretion. Cov txheej txheem no nruj me ntsis ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv lub digestive ib ntsuj av, cov zaub mov raug mus rau ntau yam digestive qog. Ua tsaug rau qhov nkag ntawm pancreatic enzymes rau hauv cov hnyuv me, kev nqus ntawm cov as-ham thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom zaub mov zoo. Hauv tag nrho cov tswv yim no, cov enzymes tsim nyog rau kev zom cov rog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Kev sib cais thiab kev sib cais
Digestive enzymes muaj lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm nqaim ntawm kev faib cov khoom nyuaj uas nkag mus rau hauv plab hnyuv nrog zaub mov. Cov tshuaj no tau tawg ua cov khoom yooj yim uas yooj yim rau lub cev nqus. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua zaub mov, cov enzymes, lossis cov enzymes uas zom cov rog, ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb (muaj peb hom). Lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov qog ua kua qaub thiabplab, uas enzymes zom ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov organic teeb meem. Cov khoom no suav nrog cov rog, cov protein, carbohydrates. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev ua ntawm cov enzymes, lub cev zoo assimilates cov khoom noj tuaj. Cov enzymes xav tau kom muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai dua. Txhua hom enzyme yog tsim rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev ua raws li qhov tsim nyog ntawm daim ntawv cog lus.
Absorption
Rau qhov nqus tau zoo ntawm cov rog hauv lub cev ua haujlwm hauv plab kua txiv uas muaj lipase. Qhov no fat-breaking enzyme yog tsim los ntawm pancreas. Carbohydrates tau tawg los ntawm amylase. Tom qab disintegration, lawv sai sai absorbed thiab nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Salivary amylase, m altase, lactase kuj ua rau kev sib cais. Proteins tau tawg vim yog cov proteases, uas tseem koom nrog hauv normalization ntawm microflora ntawm txoj hnyuv. Cov no suav nrog pepsin, chymosin, trypsin, erepsin, thiab pancreatic carboxypeptidase.
Lub npe ntawm lub ntsiab enzyme uas zom cov rog hauv tib neeg lub cev yog dab tsi?
Lipase yog ib qho enzyme uas nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog yaj, faib thiab zom cov rog hauv tib neeg txoj hnyuv. Cov rog uas nkag mus rau hauv cov hnyuv tsis tuaj yeem nqus mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Rau kev nqus, lawv yuav tsum tau tawg mus rau hauv fatty acids thiab glycerol. Lipase pab hauv cov txheej txheem no. Yog tias muaj qhov xwm txheej thaum cov enzyme uas zom cov rog (lipase) qis dua, nws yuav tsum ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob oncology.
Pancreatic lipase raws li qhov tsis ua haujlwm prolipase proenzyme, tawm hauvduodenum. Prolipase yog qhib los ntawm cov kua tsib kua qaub thiab colipase, lwm enzyme los ntawm cov kua txiv pancreatic. Lingual lipase yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos los ntawm lub qhov ncauj qog. Nws koom nrog hauv kev zom cov kua mis.
Lipase hepatic yog zais rau hauv cov ntshav, qhov twg nws khi rau cov phab ntsa vascular ntawm lub siab. Kev noj zaub mov feem ntau yog cov rog nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv me los ntawm lipase los ntawm cov txiav.
Paub qhov twg enzyme zom cov rog thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau cov kev kho mob tsim nyog.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm yuav luag txhua cov enzymes yog cov protein. Lub pancreas yog ob qho tib si lub cev ntawm lub plab zom mov thiab endocrine systems. Lub pancreas nws tus kheej tau koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom zaub mov, thiab lub plab zom mov tseem ceeb yog pepsin.
Yuav ua li cas pancreatic enzymes zom cov rog ua cov khoom yooj yim?
Amylase zom cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab rau hauv oligosaccharides. Tsis tas li ntawd, oligosaccharides zom cov piam thaj hauv qab ntawm lwm cov enzymes digestive. Glucose yog absorbed rau hauv cov ntshav. Rau tib neeg lub cev, nws yog lub zog.
Tag nrho tib neeg lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg yog tsim los ntawm cov proteins. Pancreas tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, uas ua rau cov enzymes tsuas yog tom qab lawv nkag mus rau lumen ntawm txoj hnyuv me. Nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, pancreatitis tshwm sim. Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim. Ib hom kab mob uas tsis muaj enzymeuas zom cov rog yog hu ua pancreatic insufficiency: exocrine lossis intrasecretory.
Problems of insufficiency
Exocrine insufficiency txo qhov tsim cov enzymes digestive. Hauv qhov no, ib tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem noj zaub mov ntau, vim tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib cais triglycerides tsis zoo. Cov neeg mob no muaj cov tsos mob ntawm xeev siab, hnyav, thiab mob plab tom qab noj cov zaub mov rog.
Nrog rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, cov tshuaj insulin tsis tsim, uas pab nqus cov piam thaj. Muaj ib yam kab mob hnyav hu ua ntshav qab zib mellitus. Lwm lub npe yog qab zib ntshav qab zib. Lub npe no cuam tshuam nrog kev nce hauv cov zis tawm ntawm lub cev, vim tias nws poob dej thiab tus neeg xav tias nqhis dej tas li. Carbohydrates yuav luag tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb los ntawm cov ntshav thiab yog li siv tsis tau rau lub zog xav tau ntawm lub cev. Cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav nce siab, thiab nws pib tawm los ntawm cov zis. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no, kev siv cov rog thiab cov proteins rau lub zog ua kom muaj zog ntau ntxiv, thiab cov khoom ntawm oxidation tsis tiav hauv lub cev. Thaum kawg, cov kua qaub hauv cov ntshav kuj nce ntxiv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob ntshav qab zib coma. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob muaj mob ua pa, mus txog qhov tsis nco qab thiab tuag.
Qhov piv txwv no qhia meej tias cov enzymes uas zom cov rog hauv tib neeg lub cev tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau txhua lub cev ua haujlwmkoom tes zoo.
YGlucagon
Yog muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, yuav tsum tau daws, pab lub cev nrog kev pab ntawm ntau yam kev kho mob thiab tshuaj.
Glucagon muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm insulin. Cov tshuaj no cuam tshuam rau kev tawg ntawm glycogen hauv daim siab thiab hloov pauv cov rog mus rau hauv carbohydrates, yog li ua rau muaj kev nce qib ntawm cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav. Thiab cov tshuaj hormone somatostatin inhibits qhov tso tawm ntawm glucagon.
Kev kho tus kheej
Hauv tshuaj, cov enzymes uas zom cov rog hauv tib neeg lub cev tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev siv tshuaj. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv - los ntawm cov npe nrov tshaj plaws mus rau me ntsis-paub thiab tsis tshua muaj nqi, tab sis tsuas yog ua tau zoo. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis mus rau tus kheej tshuaj. Tom qab tag nrho, tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob, siv cov txheej txheem kuaj mob tsim nyog, tuaj yeem xaiv cov tshuaj uas tsim nyog los ua kom lub cev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov.
Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau peb tsuas yog pab lub cev nrog cov enzymes. Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog ua kom nws ua haujlwm zoo. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias tus neeg laus. Nws tsuas yog thaum xub thawj siab ib muag zoo nkaus li kuv yuav cov tshuaj zoo - thiab qhov teeb meem tau daws. Qhov tseeb, nws tsis zoo li ntawd kiag li. Tib neeg lub cev yog ib tug zoo meej mechanism, uas txawm li cas los xij muaj hnub nyoog thiab hnav tawm. Yog ib tug neeg xav kom nws pab nws ntev li ntev tau, nws yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa nws, kuaj xyuas thiab kho nws raws sijhawm.
Tau kawg, tom qab nyeem ntawv thiab pom tias cov enzyme twg zom cov rog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm tib neeg kev zom zaub mov, koj tuaj yeem mus rau lub tsev muag tshuaj thiab nug tus kws muag tshuaj kom pom zoocov khoom siv tshuaj nrog rau qhov xav tau muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tab sis qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau tsuas yog hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, thaum qee qhov laj thawj zoo nws tsis tuaj yeem mus ntsib kws kho mob lossis caw nws mus rau koj lub tsev. Koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias koj tuaj yeem ua tsis ncaj ncees lawm thiab cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv tuaj yeem zoo sib xws. Thiab txhawm rau txhawm rau kuaj xyuas kom raug, yuav tsum muaj kev pab kho mob. Kev noj tshuaj rau tus kheej tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav.
Nyob hauv plab
kua txiv plab muaj pepsin, hydrochloric acid thiab lipase. Pepsin ua tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig acidic thiab zom cov proteins rau hauv peptides. Lipase hauv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo zom tsuas yog emulsified (mis nyuj) rog. Lub enzyme uas zom cov rog dhau los ua haujlwm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig alkaline ntawm txoj hnyuv. Nws los nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov zaub mov semi-kua slurry, thawb tawm los ntawm kev cog lus du cov leeg ntawm lub plab. Nws raug thawb mus rau hauv lub duodenum nyob rau hauv nyias nyias. Qee qhov me me ntawm cov tshuaj yog absorbed hauv plab (qab zib, yaj ntsev, cawv, tshuaj). Cov txheej txheem digestion nws tus kheej tsuas yog xaus rau hauv txoj hnyuv me.
kua tsib, hnyuv thiab kua txiv pancreatic nkag mus rau cov zaub mov nkag mus rau hauv duodenum. Cov zaub mov los ntawm lub plab mus rau sab qis ntawm qhov sib txawv. Fat lingers, thiab mis nyuj dhau sai.
Lipase
Pancreatic kua txiv yog kuaCov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkaline, tsis muaj xim thiab muaj trypsin thiab lwm yam enzymes uas zom peptides rau hauv cov amino acids. Amylase, lactase thiab m altase hloov carbohydrates rau hauv qabzib, fructose thiab lactose. Lipase yog ib qho enzyme uas zom cov rog hauv fatty acids thiab glycerol. Kev zom thiab kua txiv lub sij hawm tso tawm nyob ntawm seb hom thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov zaub mov.
Cov hnyuv me ua rau parietal thiab plab zom mov. Tom qab kho tshuab thiab enzymatic, cleavage cov khoom yog absorbed rau hauv cov ntshav thiab lymph. Qhov no yog ib tug complex physiological txheej txheem uas yog nqa tawm los ntawm lub villi ntawm cov hnyuv me thiab qhia nruj me ntsis nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, lub villi los ntawm txoj hnyuv.
Amino acids, vitamins, qabzib, ntxhia ntsev hauv cov kua dej yog nqus mus rau hauv cov ntshav capillary ntawm villi. Glycerin thiab fatty acids tsis yaj thiab tsis tuaj yeem nqus los ntawm villi. Lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb epithelial, qhov twg cov roj molecules tsim uas nkag mus rau cov qog ntshav. Tom qab dhau qhov thaiv ntawm cov qog ntshav, lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Bile ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev nqus rog. Fatty acids, ua ke nrog cov kua tsib thiab alkalis, yog saponified. Yog li, xab npum (soluble ntsev ntawm fatty acids) yog tsim uas yooj yim dhau los ntawm phab ntsa ntawm villi. Cov qog nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj feem ntau secrete mucus. Cov hnyuv loj absorbs dej txog li 4 litres ib hnub twg. Muaj cov kab mob loj heev uas cuam tshuam rau kev tawg ntawm fiber ntau thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov vitamins B thiab K.
