Lavxias teb sab sociologists yog neeg tua neeg ntawm keeb kwm upheavals thiab nom tswv conjuncture

Lavxias teb sab sociologists yog neeg tua neeg ntawm keeb kwm upheavals thiab nom tswv conjuncture
Lavxias teb sab sociologists yog neeg tua neeg ntawm keeb kwm upheavals thiab nom tswv conjuncture
Anonim
Lavxias teb sab sociologists
Lavxias teb sab sociologists

Raws li nyob rau hauv ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, kev loj hlob ntawm sociology raws li kev tshawb fawb hauv Russia tau pib nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Qhov kev qhuab qhia no yog ib ceg uas kawm txog cov kev cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg thiab nws cov qauv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws txoj kev loj hlob hauv peb lub tebchaws tau txiav txim siab loj los ntawm keeb kwm kev kub ntxhov thiab kev nom kev tswv ntawm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb hauv lub sijhawm.

Lub sijhawm ua ntej kev hloov pauv

Thawj cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm Western cov kws tshawb fawb. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, Auguste Comte, Georg Simmel thiab Emile Durkheim. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv domestic tej yam kev mob, qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau txais ib tug tshwj xeeb cim. Ntawm cov av hauv zos, nws qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog lub tswv yim hauv tebchaws.

Nws yog thaum ntawd cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias tau tsim ntau txoj hmoo rau lub tebchaws (thiab qee qhov nrov txawm tias niaj hnub no) cov ntsiab lus: Slavophilism, Westernism, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd ntawm ob lub chaw pw hav zoov txhawb nqa cov tswv yim no tau txiav txim siab txog kev xav hauv lub tebchaws nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Cov Slavophiles tau ntseeg hais tias cov xwm txheej keeb kwm ntawm Russia tsim ib qho kev sib raug zoo tag nrho ntawm no, los ntawm qhov xav tau ntxiv.kev ywj pheej txoj kev loj hlob thiab tsis lees paub cov tswv yim ntawm European txoj kev, thiab ntau dua li kev koom ua ke. Lavxias teb sab sociologists ntawm Western kev xav tau suav hais tias Russia yog ib feem ntawm ib qho kev vam meej nyob sab Europe thiab tau tawm tswv yim txog kev sib koom ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, nrog rau kev sib koom ua ke nrawm rau hauv tsev neeg European.

Lavxias teb sab sociologists ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th
Lavxias teb sab sociologists ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th

Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, nrog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, subjectivism tau los ua tus thawj coj hauv Lavxias kev xav. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev muaj tiag, cov lus qhuab qhia no tau xav txog lub peev xwm ntawm ib tus neeg los cuam tshuam rau keeb kwm ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm nws tus kheej, tsis hais lub hom phiaj txoj cai ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab keeb kwm kev loj hlob. Cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias teb sab tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntej kev hloov pauv: N. Danilevsky, N. Chernyshevsky, L. Mechnikov, P. Lavrov thiab lwm tus.

Sociological science nyob rau hauv lub xeev Soviet

Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo tom qab kev hloov pauv, tseem muaj ntau txoj kev ywj pheej rau kev txhim kho cov tswv yim sociological. Lub tog tau tibneeg hu tauj coob nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb sab hauv thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm kev xav txog yam uas lub xeev yuav tsum txhim kho. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm tib neeg nyob rau lub sijhawm no tau lees paub tag nrho thiab txawm tias muaj kev txhawb nqa, uas tau siv los ntawm Lavxias teb sab sociologists.

nto moo Lavxias teb sab sociologists
nto moo Lavxias teb sab sociologists

Yog li, cov chaw haujlwm txawm raug tsim nyob hauv Petrograd thiab Yaroslavl cov tsev kawm qib siab. Xyoo 1919, lub koom haum sociological tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tau luam tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntxiv, kev xav dawb ntau dua raug rhuav tshem, raug hloov los ntawm Marxist txoj hauv kev rau kev kawm ntawm tib neeg.

In the 1930ssociology kiag li poob rau hauv disgrace nrog tsoom fwv, ua rau nws ib tug pseudoscience. Ib qho kev sim siab tshiab ntawm kev txhawb siab yog ua los ntawm Lavxias teb sab sociologists ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv nws ib nrab thib ob, thaum nyob rau hauv 1960s nws cuam tshuam txoj kev loj hlob txuas ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lwm yam sciences - philosophy thiab economics. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev sib raug zoo tau txais ib qho kev lees paub tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 1970 thiab 1980s, thiab nrog perestroika nws tau ua dawb huv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev poob nyiaj txiag ntawm lub xeev coj kev coj noj coj ua, zoo li ntau lwm yam kev tshawb fawb, mus rau qhov kawg tau ntau xyoo.

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