Archaism: piv txwv hauv Lavxias thiab Askiv

Archaism: piv txwv hauv Lavxias thiab Askiv
Archaism: piv txwv hauv Lavxias thiab Askiv
Anonim

Archaisms tsis yog lo lus uas siv tsis tau xwb, tab sis cov uas tau tsiv mus rau hauv pawg no vim muaj cov lus tshiab. Piv txwv li, niaj hnub no tsis muaj leej twg hu cov paj huam verses, lo lus no tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, theatrical productions los yog nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub hais lus los muab ib tug ironic los yog sublime connotation. Qee lub sij hawm lub ntsiab lus tsis yog los ntawm tag nrho cov lus nws tus kheej, tab sis tsuas yog los ntawm nws lub ntsiab lus lexical. Piv txwv li, lo lus "nce". Nws yog siv niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv kev nkag siab ntawm "kom tsa kev tawm tsam, tawm tsam ib yam dab tsi, rov yug dua tshiab, sawv dua" thiab muaj xim zoo nkauj. Tab sis ib zaug nyob rau hauv Russia nws yog ib tug niaj hnub tsev neeg, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "sawv, sawv rau koj txhais taw." Los yog lwm qhov piv txwv: "Tsis txhob thov txim rau koj lub plab!", uas txhais tau tias "Tsis txhob thov txim rau koj lub neej!" Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lo lus plab hauv Lavxias tau khaws cia, tab sis nws lub ntsiab lus tau hloov pauv. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "lub neej" lo lus "plab" yog archaic. Piv txwv ntawm lwm yam kev hloov: necktie (lexico-phoneticarchaism, niaj hnub synonym - "kiv"); txiv! (grammatical archaism, lo lus "txiv" yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv vocative, uas tsis yog siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab); kev zoo siab (lo lus-tsim archaism, niaj hnub no lo lus "zoo siab" nrog xws li cov lus tsis yog siv).

archaism piv txwv
archaism piv txwv

Semantic archaism tsim nyog saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv ntawm xws li archaisms tau muab saum toj no (" plab" hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "lub neej"). Lawv muaj ib daim ntawv uas paub rau tus nyeem ntawv, tab sis ib tug txawv lub ntsiab lus, vim hais tias ntawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev nkag siab cov ntawv nyeem. Feem ntau cov semantic archaisms muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev cai dab qhuas. Piv txwv li, "tus yeeb ncuab" yog dab, "kev ntxim nyiam" tsis yog ib yam zoo nkauj thiab qab ntxiag, tab sis yog kev ntxias, ib yam dab tsi ua rau kev txhaum, "lo lus" ("thaum pib yog Lo Lus") tsis yog ib pawg ntawm kev hais lus, tab sis kev txawj ntse. Nws tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm archaism thiab nws cov lus niaj hnub no. "Kev ntxim nyiam" tiag tiag tuaj yeem yog qhov kev ntxias, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub siab niaj hnub no, lo lus "ntxim nyiam" muaj lub ntsiab lus zoo dua - tsis tas ib qho khoom ntxim hlub yuav ua txhaum. Xws li nuances tseem ceeb heev rau kev nkag siab zoo ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Txawm tias cov neeg sau ntawv niaj hnub no, piv txwv li, Anna Akhmatova, ib tus tuaj yeem nrhiav cov lus qub. Piv txwv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj ntau heev: cov lus archaic tuaj yeem pom ob qho tib si hauv prose thiab paj huam. Nyob rau tom kawg, lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb, muab sublimity, txhawb melodiousness thiab yog li saib ntuj.

Archaismsin English: piv txwv

archaisms hauv lus Askiv piv txwv
archaisms hauv lus Askiv piv txwv

"Cov lus qub", lossis "cov lus qub" (piv txwv li archaisms), tuaj yeem faib ua lus Askiv yuav luag tib yam li Lavxias. Txawm hais tias, tau kawg, muaj qhov tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv grammatical ntawm cov lus, txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem pom yuav luag txhua hom archaisms hais saum toj no.

Piv txwv li, koj - koj (tshwj tsis yog koj) - qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab nthuav archaism. Piv txwv ntawm cov qauv ntawm lo lus no: koj - koj (tsis yog niaj hnub koj) thiab koj - koj li (cov lus niaj hnub no yog koj). Yog lawm, ib zaug hauv lus Askiv muaj lus thov rau "koj", tab sis hnub no, rau leej twg peb hais, peb hais "koj", uas yog, Koj. "Koj" hauv lus Askiv poob ntawm kev siv maj mam. Tsawg heev, tab sis lo lus no tuaj yeem pom niaj hnub no. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib zaj nkauj nto moo Metallica hu ua The Unfirgiven, muaj ib kab: "Yog li kuv dub koj tsis zam txim" - "Yog li kuv hu koj tsis zam txim." Tau kawg, qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb archaism. Piv txwv ntawm lwm cov lus uas tsis siv lawm tsis pom meej meej txog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws hauv lub neej ntawm cov neeg hais lus Askiv:

1. Ntawm no - "no" (modern - ntawm no). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, daim ntawv tam sim no, txawm tias niaj hnub no tsis siv, hais txog lus Askiv thaum ntxov. Ib daim ntawv qub yog tus zais, uas los ntawm Proto-Germanic. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias qhov zoo sib xws ntawm tam sim no thiab ntawm no, tsis muaj tus kheej ntawm lawv. "Ntawm no" los ntawm ib lo lus sib txawv kiag li lub ntsiab lus "kom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no",ntawm no muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm cov lus sib txawv - "tshem tawm ntawm no", tsis yog yam tsis muaj laj thawj muaj ib qho lus hais nrog lub ntsiab lus "rov qab thiab tawm mus" - ntawm no thiab qhov ntawd.

cov lus archaisms piv txwv
cov lus archaisms piv txwv

2. Betwixt - "nruab nrab". Lub synonym siv niaj hnub no yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm. Raws li nws yooj yim pom, lo lus uas tsis siv lawm tau koom nrog hauv lo lus tsim ntawm chav tsev lexical niaj hnub.

3. Hearken los yog harken - "kom mloog". Qee qhov chaw hais tias qhov no yog historicism, uas yog, lo lus siv tsis tau uas tsis muaj cov lus piv txwv hauv cov lus niaj hnub no, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv txhais lus txawv teb chaws koj tuaj yeem pom cov cim archaic. Ib zaug ntxiv, kev sib txuas ntawm kev hnov thiab hnov (niaj hnub " mloog"), raws li phau ntawv txhais lus etymological, muaj nyob, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem sib cav tias lo lus no txhais tau tias muaj tshwm sim uas ploj lawm lossis poob rau hauv kev siv.

Tab sis lo lus phaeton tsis yog archaic. Tom qab tag nrho, chaises, qhib plaub-log carriages, tsis siv lawm, thiab yuav nyob twj ywm ib yam khoom ntawm yav dhau los.

Yog li, keeb kwm yog dab tsi ua rau lub sijhawm. Cov lus no yog siv tsis tau nrog rau qhov tshwm sim lossis cov khoom uas lawv piav qhia. Archaisms yog obsolete units ntawm kev hais lus. Lawv tseem yuav siv tau zoo hnub no yog tias cov ntawv tshiab tsis tau nias lawv.

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