Nws nyuaj rau xav txog cov lus Lavxias yam tsis muaj npe. Denoting ib tug kos npe rau ntawm ib yam khoom, ib feem ntawm kev hais lus no ua rau tib neeg hais lus piv txwv thiab yog.
Muaj peb pawg ntawm adjectives: zoo, txheeb ze thiab muaj. Txhua pab pawg muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab kev ua haujlwm, uas peb yuav tsis nyob hauv kab lus no. Wb tham kom ntxaws txog qhov zoo li grammatical li ib daim ntawv - puv lossis luv.
Cov ntawv luv ntawm cov npe thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv
Qhov tseeb, qhov muaj qhov "truncated" version yog qhov "litmus test" uas txiav txim siab hom adjective. Possessive thiab txheeb ze tsis muaj qhov no hypostasis. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug non-permanent morphological zoo, nws yog tam sim no tsuas yog nyob rau hauv zoo sawv daws yuav.
Hnub no, daim ntawv luv luv ntawm adjectives, txawm hais tias nws tshwm sim, tau dhau los ua tsawg dua txhua xyoo.
Muaj tsawg tus neeg paub tias hauv Proto-Slavic lus adjectives tsis muaj ib qho tag nrho
puab, nws tau tsim ntau tom qab. Cia peb nco qab txog cov piv txwv ntawm qhov ncauj lus dab neeg. Cov lus dab neeg, cov lus pov thawj thiab cov lus hais muab rau peb ntau yam piv txwv: "Mila tsis yog dawb", "tus ntxhais zoo nkauj", "cov phooj ywg zoo", thiab lwm yam.
Daim ntawv luv luv ntawm adjectives tuaj yeem nyob ze ntawm lub ntsiab lus lexical rau tag nrho. Lawv txawv tsuas yog cov lus nug thiab qhov xaus. Piv txwv li: me nyuam (dab tsi?) mloog lus (full f.), me nyuam (dab tsi?) mloog lus (cr.f.)
Tab sis daim ntawv luv luv ntawm adjectives qee zaum txawv ntawm nws qhov sib npaug ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Yog li, lo lus "mob" qhia txog tam sim no, thiab "mob" qhia tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua. Qee zaum cov qauv ntawm tib lo lus feem ntau muaj kev txhais lus sib txawv.
Sib piv:
- huab cua ntshiab tau ib lub lim tiam tam sim no.
- Txoj haujlwm tau meej tom qab tham nrog cov npoj yaig.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, peb pom ib qho piv txwv pom tseeb uas tsis muaj qhov ncaj qha semantic piv nrog thawj lo lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim ntawv luv luv ntawm adjectives yuav qhia tau tias qhov tshwm sim ntau dhau ntawm ib qho feature:
- motley (xim) parrot;
- khaub ncaws muaj xim (zoo nkauj heev, qhov muag pom).
Qee cov lus feem ntau tsuas yog siv luv luv xwb: "zoo siab", "npaj", "muaj peev xwm" thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov lexemes no tau poob lawv txoj kev sib txuas lus nrog lawv cov neeg sib tw tag nrho.
Tsis zoo li daim ntawv qhia tag nrho, cov lus luv luv feem ntau qhia qhov kos npe nrog rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim:
- txiav plaub hau luv (txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem muaj);
- pantsluv (rau ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb).
Syntactic luag hauj lwm ntawm luv adjective
Hauv kab lus, daim ntawv "txiav" ua tshwj xeeb ua ib qho kev sib xyaw nominal predicate. Txawm hais tias tag nrho adjectives tuaj yeem yuav luag txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm kab lus, luv luv tsuas muaj ib lub luag haujlwm xwb:
oak yog muaj zog (cr.f. - predicate)
Ib tug muaj zog (full f.- txhais) ntoo qhib nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais.
Ib daim ntawv luv ntawm ib qho adjective tuaj yeem nqa cov lus qhia copula, uas feem ntau qhia lub sijhawm:
Nws tau chatty. (lub sijhawm dhau los)
phab ntsa yuav muaj zog. (hnub vas thib)
Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov lus luv luv hauv cov lus yog qhov loj heev. Ua ntej, lawv tuaj yeem nthuav qhia ob qho tib si lexical ntxoov ntawm daim ntawv tag nrho, thiab muaj nyob ntawm nws tus kheej, qhia txog lub tswv yim cais. Qhov thib ob, qhov muaj los yog muaj peev xwm tsim daim foos no qhia tau tias peb muaj cov lus qhia zoo. Thirdly, lub luag hauj lwm syntactic ntawm cov lus no yog unambiguous - nyob rau hauv ib kab lus lawv ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug predicate.
