Medieval Tuam Tshoj: qhov pib ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws loj

Medieval Tuam Tshoj: qhov pib ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws loj
Medieval Tuam Tshoj: qhov pib ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws loj
Anonim

Lo lus "medieval Tuam Tshoj" tsis paub zoo thaum piv nrog Western Europe, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws tsis muaj meej meej faib mus rau hauv lub era xws li. Conventionally, nws ntseeg hais tias nws pib nyob rau hauv lub thib peb caug xyoo BC nrog lub reign ntawm Qin dynasty thiab kav ntau tshaj ob txhiab xyoo mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Qing dynasty.

Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Qin, uas yog ib lub xeev me nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws, tau koom nrog thaj chaw ntawm ntau lub tebchaws nyob rau sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob ciam teb, ua raws li cov hom phiaj kev nom kev tswv uas tsom rau kev sib sau ua ke. Nyob rau hauv 221 BC, lub teb chaws tau koom ua ke, yav tas los muaj ntau yam feudal vaj tse nyob thiab raug xa mus rau hauv historiography li "Ancient Tuam Tshoj". Keeb kwm txij li lub sijhawm ntawd tau coj txoj hauv kev sib txawv - kev txhim kho ntawm lub ntiaj teb tshiab suav nrog.

Medieval Tuam Tshoj
Medieval Tuam Tshoj

Qin yog qhov kev coj noj coj ua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Warring States thiab cov tub rog muaj zog tshaj plaws. Ying Zheng, hu ua thawj tus huab taisQin Shi Huang, muaj peev xwm sib sau ua ke Tuam Tshoj thiab tig nws mus rau hauv thawj lub hauv paus hauv lub xeev nrog lub peev Xianyang (ze rau lub nroog niaj hnub Xiyan), xaus rau lub sijhawm ntawm Warring States, uas kav ntev ntau pua xyoo. Lub npe uas tus huab tais coj rau nws tus kheej yog consonant nrog lub npe ntawm ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb cim nyob rau hauv mythological thiab lub teb chaws keeb kwm - Huangdi los yog daj Emperor. Yog li no formalized nws lub npe, Ying Zheng tsa nws lub koob meej mus rau theem siab. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias "Peb yog Thawj Tus Huab Tais, thiab peb cov qub txeeg qub teg yuav raug hu ua Tus Emperor Thib Ob, Tus Huab Tais thib peb, thiab lwm yam los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm ntau tiam neeg," nws tshaj tawm majestically. Medieval Tuam Tshoj hauv keeb kwm feem ntau hu ua "Imperial era".

Lub sijhawm nws kav, Qin Shi Huang txuas ntxiv nthuav dav lub teb chaws Ottoman hauv

Suav landmarks
Suav landmarks

sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb, thaum kawg mus txog ciam teb Nyab Laj. Lub teb chaws Ottoman loj tau muab faib ua peb caug-rau juns (tub rog cheeb tsam), uas tau koom ua ke los ntawm cov thawj coj pej xeem thiab cov thawj coj tub rog uas tswj hwm ib leeg. Cov txheej txheem no tau ua tus qauv rau tag nrho cov nom tswv hauv tebchaws Suav mus txog rau thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Qing Dynasty xyoo 1911.

thawj tus huab tais tsis yog koom ua ke medieval Tuam Tshoj. Nws tau hloov kho Suav kev sau ntawv, tsim nws daim ntawv tshiab raws li cov txheej txheem sau ntawv (ntau tus neeg sau keeb kwm suav tias qhov no yog qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus), tau ua tus qauv ntsuas qhov hnyav thiab ntsuas thoob plaws hauv lub xeev. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ntxiv dag zog rau kev lag luam sab hauv ntawm lub tebchaws United Kingdom,txhua tus uas muaj nws tus qauv.

ancient Suav keeb kwm
ancient Suav keeb kwm

Thaum lub sijhawm kav tebchaws Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC), ntau lub tsev kawm kev xav, uas nws cov lus qhia rau qee qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm imperial ideology, raug cai. Nyob rau hauv 213 BC, tag nrho cov hauj lwm uas muaj xws li cov kev xav, nrog rau cov Confucius, raug hlawv, tshwj tsis yog cov ntawv luam uas tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub imperial tsev qiv ntawv. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb pom zoo nrog cov lus hais tias nws yog thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Qin dynasty lub npe ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman tshwm sim - Tuam Tshoj.

Sights ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Thaum lub sij hawm archaeological excavations ntawm faus qhov chaw ntawm thawj Suav huab tais (tsis deb ntawm Xi'an), pib nyob rau hauv 1974, muaj ntau tshaj li rau txhiab terracotta cov nuj nqis (tub rog, nees) tau pom. Lawv sawv cev rau ib pab tub rog loj heev uas saib xyuas lub ntxa ntawm Qin Shi Huang. Cov Tub Rog Terracotta tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab zoo siab tshaj plaws archaeological discoveries nyob rau hauv Suav teb. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm tau piav qhia txog huab tais txoj kev faus neeg raws li ib qho micro version ntawm nws lub teb chaws Ottoman, nrog cov hnub qub pleev xim rau ntawm lub qab nthab, cov dej ntws los ntawm cov mercury. Qin Shi Huang tau txais txiaj ntsig los tsim lub Tuam Tsev Loj ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Thaum lub sijhawm Qin era, ntau phab ntsa tiv thaiv tau ua rau sab qaum teb ciam teb.

Medieval Tuam Tshoj pib poob qis nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm European kev lag luam opium, uas ua rau lub neej tsis ruaj khov thiab nws thiaj li ua rau Kev Tsov Rog Tawm Tsam (1840-1842; 1856-1860).

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