Yog hais tias peb tham txog nceb, thawj yam uas los rau hauv siab yog lub caij nplooj zeeg hav zoov, kev yos hav zoov ntsiag to. Koj tuaj yeem nco ntsoov txog cov poov xab, xiav cheese thiab penicillin. Tab sis ob peb tus neeg xav txog dab tsi lub luag haujlwm nceb ua si hauv ecosystem, vim li cas qhov xwm txheej xav tau lawv. Cia peb tham.
Hmoob lossis txiaj ntsig?
Lawv hais tias yog koj muab tso rau ntawm ib qho txiaj ntsig uas ib tus neeg tau txais los ntawm cov kab mob no, thiab lwm yam - lawv qhov kev puas tsuaj, cov nplai yuav sib npaug. Txawm hais tias, sib cav txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm fungi ua si hauv ecosystem, qhov no tsis yog txoj hauv kev los muab cov lus nug. Xwm yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab xav tau txhua yam.
Mycology, kev kawm txog nceb, suav tias yog ib ceg ntawm botany. Tab sis cov nceb tau ntev tau raug cais tawm hauv ib lub tebchaws txawv. Qhov ntawd yog, muaj lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab, cais, lub nceeg vaj ntawm fungi.
Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog cov qauv carbohydrate hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm tes ntawm cov kab mob no yog chitin. Nws kuj tseem yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob txha sab nraud ntawm kab, arthropods. Chitin muaj cov khoom nthuav, ib qho ntawm cov muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov teeb meem ntawm tib neeg lub cev thiab txo cov roj cholesterol. tib yamlub sij hawm vim nws nceb suav hais tias yog khoom noj hnyav. Nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis muab rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6-7 xyoo, nws kuj yog qhov zoo dua rau cov niam laus tsis txhob noj lawv. Tus menyuam lub cev enzyme tej zaum yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua cov khoom no.
Vim li cas ntuj thiaj xav tau nceb?
Ib qho ntawm lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog decomposition, ua cov organic residues. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm biodegradation ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuag thiab tsiaj txhu, carbon thiab minerals raug xa rov qab mus rau lub voj voog ntuj.
nceb koom nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov av tsim, cuam tshuam rau lawv cov qauv, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab txawm tias kub. Tseeb tiag, thaum lwj, qhov kub ntawm cov decaying residues nce. Qhov no paub zoo rau cov neeg ua teb uas cog zaub hauv txaj sov.
Cov nceb nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm lawv lub neej ua haujlwm tsim biomass los ntawm mycelium thiab fruiting lub cev (dab tsi peb paub thaum yau li ya agaric, russula, boletus, thiab lwm yam). Tsis tsuas yog tib neeg noj rau lawv xwb, tab sis kuj muaj kab thiab ntau yam tsiaj.
Mushroomroot
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov fungi hauv kev tsim cov mycorrhiza yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws hloov tawm tias nceb tsis tsuas yog rhuav tshem ntoo, tab sis tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lawv. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, qhov tshwm sim ntawm symbiosis yog dav - kev sib koom ua ke muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ob lub cev.
Mycorrhiza tsim ib lub koom haum ntawm mycelial threads thiab tsob ntoo cag. Cov fungus tau txais cov as-ham los ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua hauv daim ntawv siv tau thiab, dhau los, pab nws rho dej thiab phosphorus los ntawm cov av. tsob ntoo yeej muaj cag ntxiv.
Mycorrhiza tuaj yeem ua rau sab nraud, nyob ib puag ncig cov hauv paus hniav, thiab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv. Muaj kev sib pauv ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm ob lub hlwb ntawm cov kab mob. Lub luag haujlwm dab tsi ua rau fungi ua si hauv ecosystem hauv qhov no? Hav zoov lub neej yooj yim ua tsis tau yog tsis muaj lawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj chaw qhuav.
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas huab cua hnyav heev thiab cov nroj tsuag yog sparse, fungi tsim symbiotic zej zog tsis muaj ntoo, tab sis nrog algae, hu ua lichens. Lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv tundra thiab suab puam, ntawm pob zeb, vaj tse, ntoo tawv ntoo - qhov twg, nws yuav zoo li, tsis muaj xwm txheej rau lub neej. Tab sis cov nceb rho tawm dej txawm los ntawm huab cua, los ntawm lwg, thiab algae hloov cov pa roj carbon dioxide hauv lub teeb rau hauv cov zaub mov organic rau ob qho tib si.
Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm qhov chaw tshiab, kev loj hlob ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv cov chaw no - qhov no yog lwm lub ntsiab lus ntawm nceb hauv qhov xwm txheej.
Ntsuab nceb
Raws li txoj kev ua neej thiab kev noj mov, nceb tau muab faib ua:
- av saprophytes (champignon, talker, morel);
- xylophiles parasitizing nyob los yog decomposing ntoo tuag (tiag zib agaric, tinder fungus);
- mycorrhizal, tsim symbiosis nrog cov cag ntoo (dawb, boletus, mossiness).
Coprophilous nceb nyob rau ntawm cov quav khib nyiab, carbophiles nyob ntawm conflagrations.
Thiab qee cov nceb muaj peev xwm "ntaus". Lawv cov tsiaj tuaj yeem yog amoeba, kab, nematodes. Cov xov ntawm cov fungus lo rau tus neeg raug tsim txom, qhwv hauv cov hnoos qeev, qee qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau nws tuag taus, ces germinate rau hauv thiab pub rau nws. Nov yog lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm dab tsinceb ua lub luag haujlwm hauv ecosystem.
Lub ntiaj teb cov nceb pom rau tib neeg yog ib feem me me ntawm qhov muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm lawv hom. Mushrooms, cov duab thiab cov npe uas paub txog thaum yau, yog ya agaric, dawb, zib mu agaric, russula, daj ntseg grebe thiab ntau lwm tus. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus cov phau ntawv xim thiab cov phau ntawv ua noj, phau ntawv qhia tshuaj thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab phau ntawv qhia tshuaj. Cov nceb rau tib neeg tuaj yeem ua zaub mov qab thiab muaj tshuaj lom tuag taus, tuaj yeem kho thiab ua kom muaj kab mob, txuag thiab rhuav tshem cov qoob loo, ua vaj tse tsis zoo.
Lub sijhawm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv tshuaj pib nrog nceb. Tam sim no ntau thiab ntau cov pov thawj tau raug siv los txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav, tinder fungus, cordyceps, shiitake, thiab lwm yam.
Ntawm no yog lawv li, peb pom thiab pom tsis tau, tsim nyog thiab txaus ntshai nyob ze.
