Ammonium polyphosphate yog cov khoom siv dav siv hauv kev tsim cov chiv thiab cov xim pleev xim nrog cov nplaim hluav taws. Nws cov qauv yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm monomeric orthophosphates rau hauv ib lub saw hlau polymer. Cov khoom siv raw kom tau txais cov khoom yog phosphoric acid thiab ammonia.
Kev piav qhia
Ammonium polyphosphate (los yog ammonium polyphosphate, raws li nws lub npe thoob ntiaj teb) yog lub siab molecular hnyav inorganic ntsev muab los ntawm phosphoric acid.
Cov tshuaj formula ntawm cov tshuaj: (NH 4 PO 3) . Nws cov qauv siv lead ua tuaj yeem yog ob hom:
- I type (number of monomer units n=100-200).
- II hom (n > 1000). Xws li ib tug compound muaj ib tug complex qauv, ntau dua molecular hnyav thiab thermal stability, thiab yog tsawg soluble nyob rau hauv dej tshaj thawj hom. Cov khoom muaj qhov loj ntawm 10-40 microns lossis ntau dua. Feem ntau, cov ntsev tshwj xeeb no yog siv hauv kev lag luam.
Cov qauv qauv ntawm ammonium polyphosphate zoo li hauv daim duabhauv qab no.
Lub cev thiab tshuaj yam ntxwv
Cov khoom hauv qab no yog qhov zoo rau kev sib txuas:
- ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj kev hloov pauv;
- melting point - 180-185 °C;
- thaum diluted hauv dej (solubility yog 0.5g / cm 3) nthuav tawm cov khoom polyelectrolyte thiab ua kom cov kua viscosity;
- thaum rhuab mus rau 300 ° C, active decomposition rau polyphosphoric acid thiab ammonia tshwm sim;
- qib acidity hauv 10% aqueous tov - 5, 5-7, 5 pH;
- density– 1.9 g/cm3;
- zoo - dawb-ntws khoom.
Tso tawm daim ntawv - nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hmoov los yog me me granules. Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov kab mob nyob, lub compound yog environmentally phooj ywg. Ammonium polyphosphate phom sij - IV raws li GOST 12.1.007.
Tau txais
Kev tsim cov tshuaj no hauv kev lag luam tshuaj yog ua los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev:
- Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm gaseous phosphorus anhydride, ammonia thiab dej vapor. Phosphorus raug hlawv ntawm qhov kub ntawm 3000-3500 ° C, anhydride vapor nkag mus rau hauv chav tshwj xeeb, qhov twg, thaum rhuab mus rau 400-500 ° C nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm NH 3, ammonium polyphosphate, monoamidopyrophosphoric thiab diamidopyrophosphoric acids yog tsim.
- Neutralization ntawm polyphosphoric acid nrog ammonia.
- Thermal dehydration ntawm ammonium phosphates.
- Neutralization ntawm H₃PO₄ nrog ammonia thiab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm qhov tshwm sim orthophosphateammonium.
Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ammonium polyphosphate nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm nitrogen tuaj yeem yog 14-17%, phosphorus - 30-32%, degree ntawm polymerization - 40-77%.
Ammonium polyphosphate: daim ntawv thov
Kev sib txuas yog siv hauv kev lag luam hauv qab no:
- siv los ua ib qho ntxiv hauv kev tsim cov yas, thermoplastic polyurethane, foams, foam insulation thiab polymer resins;
- ntau lawm ntawm chipboard, fiberboard, plywood;
- tsim cov insulating sheaths ntawm hluav taws xob cables;
- daim ntawv thov ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish (cov kua roj vanish, enamels), sealants, lubricants technical, adhesives thiab lwm yam sib xyaw;
- muab chiv rau kev ua liaj ua teb.
Ammonium polyphosphate tuaj yeem siv los ntxiv rau txhua hom av thiab pub txhua yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog. Fertilizer qhia qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov av grey. Vim nws cov solubility siab nyob rau hauv dej, cov khoom yog absorbed los ntawm cov nroj tsuag zoo dua li cov khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus raws li phosphorus phosphates. Fertilizers nrog ammonium polyphosphate yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev daws uas tau los ntawm kub los yog txias sib tov. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj no yog ib feem ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws nrog cov poov tshuaj nitrate lossis chloride, urea. Cov tshuaj no kuj ua ke zoo nrog micronutrients thiab tshuaj tua kab.
hluav taws kub retardant coatings
Vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb, thaum raug hluav taws kubAmmonium polyphosphate yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob niaj hnub thiab cov kua roj vanish rau ob qho tib si uas tsis yog-combustible (hlau, pob zeb) thiab combustible (ntoo, fabrics, yas). Thaum ignited, ntsev tsis emit fume lom rau hauv cov huab cua thiab slows down qhov kis ntawm hluav taws, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua rau kom cov hluav taws tsis kam ntawm cov qauv.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv polymer no hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hluav taws kub retardant yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm qhov kub, cov xim pleev xim nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj (tsis muaj melting).
- Vim lub cev qhuav dej thiab cua sov, polyphosphate acid yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv paus (ntoo, hlau).
- Ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab tshwm rau ntawm qhov kawg.
- Ntau cov roj uas tsis muaj hluav taws kub tau tso tawm.
- Ib txheej ua npuas ncauj yog tsim los ua kom cov khoom siv hauv paus thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj nplaim taws ntxiv rau hauv lub tsev qauv.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov pa roj tsawg tau tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw, uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg dua li thaum siv cov xim pleev xim thiab cov kua roj vanish.
