Polycarbonate yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm chemistry, nws tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov polyester nyuaj ntawm carbonic acid thiab phenols. Raws li koj paub, ntsev ntawm carbonic acid yog hu ua carbonates, li no lub npe nrov polymer niaj hnub no, tsim los ntawm ob qhov chaw - poly (uas txhais tau tias ntau) thiab carbonate.
Ib tug chemistry
Polycarbonate macromolecule muaj cov qauv linear. Feem ntau, nws cov qauv tuaj yeem sau tau raws li hauv qab no:
H-[-O-R-O-(C=O)-O-R- -OH.
Raws li hom kev hloov pauv R, tag nrho cov polycarbonates tuaj yeem muab faib ua aromatic, fatty-aromatic thiab aliphatic. Feem ntau siv ntawm lawv niaj hnub no yog thawj pab pawg. Cov npe lag luam ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab polycarbonates yuav txawv, tab sis lawv tau koom ua ke los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom siv tsis zoo, xws li kev sib kis ntawm lub teeb siab, tsis tshua muaj lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, cov ntsiab lus melting siab. Polycarbonates nrog cov khoom no muaj ntau cov benzene rings (aromatic substituents).
Qhov zoo ntawm polycarbonates
- Txoj kev. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom nto moo tshaj plaws thiab cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm polycarbonate yog nws qhov kev tiv thaiv siab rau cov neeg kho tshuab shocks.
- Txoj kev pom tseeb. Vim lawv lub teeb kis tau zoo, polycarbonates tau ua tiav cov iav silicate hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub neej thiab kev tsim khoom, vim lawv kuj muaj qhov hnyav hnyav.
- Thermal resistance. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm melting (softening) kub ntawm polycarbonates txawv me ntsis ntawm ib leeg nyob ntawm seb cov yam ntxwv ntawm macromolecule, tab sis, raws li txoj cai, nws siab tshaj 200 ° C.
- Sustainability. Vim yog cov cuab yeej yav dhau los, cov khoom siv polycarbonate tuaj yeem rov ua dua.
- Kev nyab xeeb hluav taws. Qhov kub ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tau ntau tshaj qhov melting point ntawm polycarbonate, nws yog hais txog 570 ° C.
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ua tsaug rau cov cuab yeej no, cov khoom siv tau zoo nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw nruj heev.
Y Thermoplasticity. Polycarbonate yog ib hom polymer uas tuaj yeem hloov tau ntau zaus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tom qab hardening, nws yuav rov ua dua nws cov khoom.
Flaws
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias polycarbonate muaj tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig saum toj no tsuas yog tias nws cov khoom siv macromolecules muaj qhov hnyav molecular ntau dua 25,000. Txwv tsis pub, nwsyooj yim heev thiab muaj qhov qis dua melting point. Polycarbonate, tsim nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm thev naus laus zis, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau cov molecules uas txo qhov hnyav molecular, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau nws lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Lwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm polycarbonates yog lawv qhov tsis kam tiv thaiv ultraviolet hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no muaj cov thev naus laus zis uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov polymer los ntawm kev raug UV ncaj qha. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv uas fused rau polycarbonate thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom. Lwm qhov txwv tsis pub siv cov polycarbonate yog nws cov thermal expansion.
Lub cev thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam
- Refractive index - 1.5850.
- Density (ntawm 25 ° C) - 1.20g/cm 3.
- iav hloov pauv kub - 150 ° C.
- Softening kub 220-230 ° C.
- Decomposition kub >320 °C.
- Frost resistance, °C < -100
- Tensile zog - 65-70 MPa.
- Bending zog - 95 MPa.
- Tshwj xeeb kub muaj peev xwm - 1090-1255J / (g K).
- Thermal conductivity yog 0.20 W / (m K).
- Coefficient of thermal linear expansion -1(5-6) 10-5 °C.
- Brinell hardness - (784-980) 105 Pa.
Cellular thiab monolithic polycarbonate
Cellular polycarbonate yog ib lub vaj huam sib luag ntawm ob peb txheej ntawm cov yas, nruab nrab ntawm cov ribs ntevnruj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm xws li nplooj vaguely zoo li ib tug honeycomb, uas nws tau txais nws lub npe. Cov nplooj ntawv zoo li no tuaj yeem khoov tau yooj yim hauv lub xeev txias, ncav cuag qhov tsawg tshaj plaws tau khoov vojvoog. Cellular polycarbonate feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj partitions thiab kev tsim kho lub ru tsev pob tshab.
Monolithic polycarbonate muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua thiab pob tshab. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog qhov kub siab ua haujlwm ntawm monolithic polycarbonate, qhov melting point yog siab heev, uas tso cai rau nws siv yam tsis muaj kev ntshai ntawm qhov kub txog 120 ° C. Lwm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm nws yog Frost tsis kam, uas tso cai rau kev siv cov khoom siv los ntawm cov yas no ntawm qhov kub thiab txias mus txog 50 ° C.
Siv cov polycarbonate
Kev tsim kho. Vim nws lub siab pob tshab thiab lub teeb, polycarbonate pab cov kws tsim vaj tsev kom paub txog lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv, txheeb ze rau ib txwm siv iav, tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab yog li txuag ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Ntxiv mus, polycarbonate kuj muaj cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev, yog tias peb tham txog nws cov cellular ntau yam. Nws yog siv los ua cov qauv translucent rau cov pas dej da dej thiab chaw ntau pob, chaw nres tsheb thiab cov khw muag khoom loj, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tsev thiab lub vaj lub caij ntuj no. Cov khoom no kuj nrov nrog gardeners. Ntau ntxiv, polycarbonate yog siv rau tsev cog khoom. Nws melting point yog ho siab tshaj atmospheric txawm nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov kub tshaj plaws, thiab yog li ntawd tseem ceebHnub ci tshav kub tsis tuaj yeem ua mob rau cov polymer no
- Electronics. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej tiv thaiv rau lub laptops, smartphones, players, computers hauv tsev thiab ntau ntxiv yog tsim los ntawm polycarbonate. Ua tsaug rau qhov no polymer, kov npo thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem ncav cuag cov neeg coob coob. Nws yog siv los tsim cov ntawv hla tebchaws biometric.
- Kev tshaj tawm. Polycarbonate yog siv los tsim cov qauv teeb pom kev zoo, kos npe, kos npe, ntawv peb sab thiab ntau ntxiv. Tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov yas monolithic yog siv los ua kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov qauv.
- kho qhov muag discs. Txij li thaum xyoo 1980s, polycarbonate tau siv los tsim cov thaub qab ntawm CDs. Niaj hnub no nws kuj yog siv los ua DVDs siab.
- Tsheb thiab dav hlau kev lag luam. Rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub dav hlau, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab yog ib txwm siv, uas muaj lub zog siab thiab lub teeb, uas kuj yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm polycarbonate. Nws yog siv los ua lub domes ntawm lub cockpits ntawm fighters thiab iav rau lub kaus mom hlau ntawm astronauts thiab pilots. Rau cov tsheb, polycarbonate tsis yog siv rau iav xwb, tab sis kuj rau lub taub hau thiab lub hnub ci.
- Tshuaj. Ib qho tseem ceeb heev ntawm kev siv polycarbonate tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv kho mob. Qhov no tau dhau los ua tau vim qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab biocompatibility siab, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm lub cev rau cov yas no. Thiab ua tsaug rau nws lub zog thiab pob tshab, nws tau sib tw nrog cov iav thiab hlau alloys. cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv,ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no yog siv los saib xyuas cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kua dej ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub siab melting kub ntawm polycarbonates tso cai rau lawv mus rau cov niaj hnub sterilization txoj kev - tshav kub, hluav taws xob, UV rays.
- Optics. Hauv xyoo 2000s, polycarbonate lo ntsiab muag tau pib ua rau cov tsom iav tiv thaiv kev lag luam, uas tiv thaiv lub qhov muag thaum ua haujlwm ntau yam. Cov khoom zoo li no muaj ntau lub sij hawm muaj zog dua li lwm cov lo ntsiab muag yas; nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tshuab rau lawv, lawv tsis kis tej tawg, lawv tseem nyuaj rau khawb. Maj mam, polycarbonate kuj tau siv rau txhua hnub tsom iav lo ntsiab muag. Vim lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb zoo, cov lo ntsiab muag zoo li no feem ntau siv rau cov menyuam yaus lub tsom iav, tsom iav maus taus.
- Lwm thaj chaw. Niaj hnub no, polycarbonate tau dhau los ua kom ruaj khov hauv peb lub neej uas cov neeg nyob hauv tsis yog megacities nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj cov zos nyob deb nroog, txhua hnub ntsib cov khoom, ntawm cov yas no yog ib feem. Ballpoint cwjmem, teeb nyem, lub computer nas, irons thiab kettles, corks rau wine fwj, rooj tog zaum, ntim rau haus kua thiab txawm ntim zaj duab xis yog tsim los ntawm nws.
