Ib lub mine ua hauj lwm yog ib kab noj uas tsim nyob rau hauv ib lub roob tom qab minerals thiab pob zeb twb excavated los ntawm nws.
Raws li lub hom phiaj, ua haujlwm nrog pob zeb muab faib ua hom.
Process Description
Kev khawb av hauv av yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nws hla ntu muaj lub voj voog kaw, tsis hais seb puas muaj qhov ncaj qha tawm mus rau saum npoo. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua haujlwm hauv av, muaj cov uas tau ua hauv av. Lub qhov qhib qhib muaj qhov qhib qhov sib txuas.
Nrog txoj kev ua haujlwm hauv av, nws tuaj yeem ua tau:
- mining thiab tshawb nrhiav;
- peev mining;
- kev npaj mining;
- phom;
- mortgage;
- kho.
Mining, nyob ntawm qhov chaw, yog kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev siv. Thawj yog siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab tshawb nrhiav cov deposits tshiab, qhov thib ob - rau kev loj hlob ntawm deposits nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav rho tawm minerals los ntawm lub plab. Kev tu vaj tse tau muab faib ua qhib, npaj thiab tu.
Qhib excavation yog tsim los qhib ib lub mine thiab muab kev nkag mus rau minerals.
Npaj ua haujlwm npaj lub mine teb rau kev txhim kho, thiab hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem cov ore, cov zaub mov raug tso tawm.
Hom pob zeb txiav txim siab seb txoj kev loj hlob yuav nyob rau hauv-situ lossis teb. Thawj yog nqa tawm raws lub reservoir, qhov thib ob - los ntawm cov pob zeb pov tseg.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kuv tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv thiab voluminous, uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm cov ntu ntev thiab qhov chaw hla ntawm cov pob zeb ua tiav. Ntxiv, ntxiv rau, yog kab rov tav, inclined thiab ntsug.
Qhib qhov qhib faib ua trenches, kwj, qhov dej, ramps.
Cross section
Cov duab sib dhos hauv txoj kab rov tav yog nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm pob zeb thiab lawv qhov xwm txheej, kev taw qhia thiab lub zog ntawm pob zeb siab, kev pabcuam lub neej thiab kev tsim kho.
Lub vaulted cross-sectional shape yog muab rau kev ua haujlwm uas tsis kho, vim nws nyob ze rau cov duab ntawm lub vault.
Yog tias tsis muaj lub pob zeb sab nraud, cov duab plaub yog siv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, kev ua hauj lwm yog fastened nrog ntoo, tov los yog pas nrig fastening.
Trapezoid zoo tiv thaiv ob sab ntsug thiab sab nraub qaum. Lub mount yog ua los ntawm ntoo, precast qhob thiab hlau.
Txoj kev hla tuaj yeem yog puag ncig, vaulted thiab arched.
Cov duab vaulted yog siv rau pob zeb thiab pob zebmount.
Arched fastening yog siv rau ntsug thiab sab pob zeb siab. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, kev ua hauj lwm yog ntxiv dag zog nrog ntau yam hlau arches.
Rau txhua qhov nyob ib puag ncig, ib puag ncig seem zoo tshaj plaws. Coal qhov dej yuav tsis kho kiag li. Ib ntu elliptical yog siv yog tias ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv siab ntau dua li lwm qhov.
Hauv kev tsim kho ntawm qhov av, cov qauv hydraulic, subways, elliptical kev sib tshuam nrog kab rov tav thiab ntsug yog siv. Cov duab ntawm cov seem nyob ntawm seb qhov kev ua haujlwm li cas yog npaj rau, nrog rau cov xwm txheej mining. Tshwj xeeb, cov duab yog cuam tshuam los ntawm vector ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws tivthaiv, thaum uas tig mus rau lub axis ntawm lub ellipse nyob.
