tooj liab acetylide yog ib qho organometallic binary compound. Cov qauv no tau paub txog kev tshawb fawb txij li xyoo 1856 tsawg kawg. Hauv cov muaju, nws tsim cov monohydrate nrog cov mis Cu2C2×H2O. Thermally tsis ruaj khov, tawg thaum cua sov.
Kev tsim kho
tooj liab acetylenide yog binary compound. Nws muaj peev xwm ua kom pom qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsis zoo - anion C2-2, thiab qhov zoo them - tooj liab cations Cu +. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, xws li ib tug kev faib yog raws li nram no: nyob rau hauv lub compound tsuas muaj ib feem ntawm cov ionic daim ntawv cog lus, txawm hais tias nws yog loj dua piv rau H-C≡ daim ntawv cog lus. Tab sis daim ntawv cog lus no kuj muaj qhov polarity muaj zog heev (raws li rau covalent ib) vim qhov tseeb tias cov pa roj carbon atom nrog triple daim ntawv cog lus yog nyob rau hauv sp hybridization - nws cov txheeb ze electronegativity yog ntau dua nyob rau hauv sp 3 3 hybridizations (ib daim ntawv cog lus) lossis sp2 (ob daim ntawv cog lus). Qhov no yog qhov ua rau nws yooj yim heev rau cov pa roj carbon monoxide hauv acetylene kom cais tawm hydrogen atom los ntawm nws tus kheej thiab hloov nws nrog cov hlau atom, uas yog, los nthuav tawm cov khoom muaj nyob hauv cov kua qaub.
Tau txais
Txoj hauv kev tshaj plaws kom tau txais tooj liab acetylenide hauv chav kuaj yog kom dhau gaseous acetylene los ntawm ammonia tov ntawm tooj liab (I) chloride. Yog li ntawd, ib qho dej tsis sib haum ntawm cov xim liab acetylenide yog tsim.
Hloov cov tooj liab (I) chloride, koj tuaj yeem siv nws cov hydroxide Cu2O. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tseeb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog tooj liab ammonia complex.
Lub cev muaj zog
tooj liab acetylenide hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab - tsaus liab-xim av muaju. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog monohydrate - nyob rau hauv cov sediment, txhua molecule ntawm acetylenide sib raug rau ib molecule dej (sau li Cu2C2×H. 2 O). Qhuav tooj liab acetylenide yog tawg: nws tuaj yeem detonate thaum rhuab (nws tsis tshua muaj thermally ruaj khov dua cov nyiaj acetylenide), nrog rau kev ntxhov siab, xws li kev cuam tshuam.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, muaj kev xav tias cov kav dej tooj liab hauv kev lag luam tshuaj muaj kev phom sij loj, txij li thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev acetylenide yog tsim rau sab hauv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg tawg. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev lag luam petrochemical, qhov twg tooj liab, nrog rau nws cov acetylenides, kuj tseem siv los ua catalysts, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau ntxiv.
tshuaj muaj zog
Peb twb tau hais tias cov pa roj carbon nrog triple daim ntawv cog lus hauv acetylene yog ntau dua electronegative dua li, piv txwv li, carbon nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus (xws li hauv ethylene) lossis ib daim ntawv cog lus (hauv ethane). Lub peev xwm ntawm acetylene los teb nrogQee cov hlau, pub dawb hydrogen ion thiab hloov nws nrog cov hlau ion (piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kev tsim sodium acetylenide thaum lub sij hawm sib cuam tshuam ntawm acetylene nrog hlau sodium) lees paub qhov no. Peb hu lub peev xwm ntawm acetylene ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv acidic raws li Bronsted-Lowry txoj kev xav: raws li nws, acidity ntawm ib yam khoom yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws lub peev xwm los faib tawm ib qho proton ntawm nws tus kheej. Lub acidity ntawm acetylene (tseem nyob rau hauv tooj liab acetylenide) yuav xam tau tias yog txheeb ze rau ammonia thiab dej: thaum ib tug hlau amide reacts nrog acetylene, acetylenide thiab ammonia tsim. Ntawd yog, acetylene pub rau ib qho proton, uas qhia tias nws muaj zog acid dua ammonia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm dej, tooj liab acetylenide decomposes tsim acetylene - nws txais ib tug proton ntawm dej, qhia nws tus kheej los ua ib tug tsawg zog acid tshaj dej. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov txheeb ze series ntawm acidity (raws li Brönsted - Lowry), acetylene yog ib tug qaug zog acid, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm dej thiab ammonia.
tooj liab (I) acetylenide tsis ruaj khov: hauv dej (raws li peb twb paub lawm) thiab hauv cov kua qaub, nws decomposes nrog tso tawm ntawm acetylene roj thiab ib tug liab-xim av precipitate - tooj liab (I) oxide los yog ib tug dawb precipitate ntawm tooj liab (I) chloride thaum diluted nrog hydrochloric acid.
Kom tsis txhob muaj kev tawg, qhov decomposition ntawm acetylenide yog ua los ntawm cov cua sov maj mam thaum ntub dej ntawm qhov muaj cov ntxhia pob zeb muaj zog, xws li dilute nitric acid.
Siv
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm kev tsim ntawm tooj liab (I) acetylenide tuaj yeem ua tau zoo rau kev tshawb pom ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg (nrog rau peb daim ntawv cog lus kawg) alkynes. Qhov taw qhia yog nag lossis daus ntawm insoluble liab-xim av precipitate ntawm acetylenide.
Hauv kev tsim khoom loj - piv txwv li, hauv petrochemistry - tooj liab (I) acetylenide tsis siv, vim nws tawg thiab tsis ruaj khov hauv dej. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau qhov kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb yog cuam tshuam nrog nws hauv qhov hu ua zoo synthesis.
Copper(I) acetylenide tuaj yeem siv los ua cov nucleophilic reagent hauv organic synthesis. Hauv particular, nws plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas ntawm polyynes - cov tebchaw nrog ob peb alternating triple thiab ib daim ntawv cog lus. Copper (I) acetylenides hauv cov kua dej cawv yog oxidized los ntawm atmospheric oxygen, condensing rau daim diynes. Qhov no yog Glaser-Ellington cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, pom nyob rau hauv 1870 thiab tom qab ntawd txhim kho. Copper(I) plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm catalyst ntawm no, vim nws tsis yog nws tus kheej noj nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem.
Tom qab ntawd, tsis txhob siv cov pa oxygen, poov tshuaj hexacyanoferrate (III) tau thov ua tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing.
Ellington txhim kho txoj hauv kev kom tau txais polyins. Es tsis txhob alkynes thiab tooj liab (I) ntsev, xws li chloride, uas tau pib nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj, piv txwv li, nws tau thov kom noj tooj liab (II) acetate, uas yuav oxidize lub alkyne nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lwm cov organic hnyav - pyridine - ntawm kub ntawm 60-70 ° C.
Qhov kev hloov kho no ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm diynes ntau dua thiab ruaj khov molecules - macrocycles.
