Harold Garfinkel, kws kho mob hlwb, yug Lub Kaum Hli 29, 1917. Nws yog Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij ntawm Sociology ntawm University of California, Los Angeles, qhov chaw nws tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1954 mus txog thaum nws so haujlwm xyoo 1987. Xyoo 1950, nws tau sau lo lus ethnomethodology.
Tus ethnomethodology ntawm G. Garfinkel tau kawm nyob rau hauv xws li kev sib raug zoo anthropology, kev sib txuas lus thiab kev qhia, kev qhia, kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Nws tau dhau los ua ib txwm hu nws tias yog leej txiv tsim ntawm ethnomethodology.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswvyim
Nyob rau hauv social sciences, txheej txheem feem ntau yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis tom qab Garfinkel, ethnomethodologists tau txheeb xyuas nws nrog ntau lub peev xwm xws li koom nrog kev sib tham sib tham, taug qab cov xwm txheej, thiab lees paub qhov tshwm sim. Lub tswv yim yog tias tag nrho ntawm cov kev coj ua no suav nrog ntau ntawm cov khoom thiab cov neeg uas peb hu ua zej zog, txawm tias cov neeg koom nrog qee yam kev coj ua tsis xav ua lwm yam tshaj li tam sim ntawd.xwm txheej.
haujlwm tshawb fawb
Garfinkel txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, Kev Kawm hauv Ethnomethodology (1967), cov kev sib tw saum toj-down theories uas qhia tias tib neeg tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig cov cai txwv tsis pub dhau thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua. Nws nthuav tawm lwm qhov "hauv qab-up" duab ntawm tib neeg, tsim los ntawm suav tsis txheeb ntawm tus cwj pwm tsis tu ncua hloov mus rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Txawm hais tias ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tsis lees txais nws lub zeem muag, cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo thiab cov kws tshawb fawb xws li Anthony Giddens, Pierre Bourdieu thiab Jürgen Habermas pom tias nws tsim nyog los daws qhov teeb meem theoretical no.
Ethnomethodologists tau pom tias cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem uas muaj nyob hauv chav tsev hais plaub, chaw kuaj mob, thiab chaw ua haujlwm tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev nkag siab txhua hnub, kev sib cav, thiab kev txawj ntse. Garfinkel tau tawm tsam lub tswv yim tias cov txheej txheem kev noj qab haus huv yog ua raws li kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb uas tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo tib yam. Qee tus tau txhawj xeeb tias Garfinkel lub zeem muag tau rhuav tshem lub tswv yim ntawm lub hom phiaj kev tshawb fawb ntawm tib neeg; lwm tus tau sim pom zoo txog kev kawm txog tib neeg li kev tsim khoom ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.
Biography
Harold Garfinkel loj hlob hauv Newark, New Jersey, qhov chaw nws txiv, Abraham, ua lag luam me. Harold kawm accountingntawm Newark College, tab sis tsim muaj kev txaus siab rau kev noj qab haus huv. Nyob rau hauv 1942, nws tau txais ib tug master's degree nyob rau hauv sociology los ntawm University of North Carolina. Nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm thaum ntxov, raws li tus tswv txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm haiv neeg hauv Asmeskas Qab Teb, ua rau pom kev nkag siab zoo thiab muaj peev xwm hais tau lus Askiv zoo. Nws thawj qhov kev tshaj tawm, Xim Teeb Meem, yog ib qho tsis tseeb ntawm qhov tsis sib haum xeeb uas tshwm sim thaum tus poj niam African-Asmeskas tsis kam zaum tom qab lub tsheb npav thaum lub tsheb hla Mason-Dixon kab ntawm txoj kev los ntawm New York mus rau North. Carolina. Nws tau suav nrog hauv kev sau cov dab neeg zoo tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo 1941.
Tom qab ua haujlwm hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, nws pib nws txoj kev kawm kws kho mob nrog Talcott Parsons ntawm Harvard. Ua raws li qhov piv txwv ntawm yav tas los, Harold tau coj qhov kev txhim kho theoretical. Nws cov ntawv tau dhau los ua tortuous thiab nyuaj rau kev nkag siab rau ob qho tib si tsis tau pib thiab ntau tus neeg sab hauv.
T. Parsons thiab nws cov tub ntxhais kawm nrhiav kev rov tsim kho kev noj qab haus huv. Ua li no, lawv tau tsim ib txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev coj ua. Garfinkel tau qhia txog cov kev xav tau no, tab sis xaus rau txoj kev sib txawv heev.
Key Ideas
Nws nrhiav kev tshawb nrhiav qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv zej zog los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb uas cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ib txwm nyob hauv tsev neeg thiab cov chaw pej xeem. Txawm tias zoo li me ntsis hiccups, xws li ua si tus neeg tsis paub cai ntawm nws tsev neeg lub rooj noj mov, elicited explosive tshwm sim los ntawmkev npau taws. Qhov no tau qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ncaj ncees uas muaj nyob hauv txawm tias feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm niaj hnub ua. Contrary to the prevailing efforts by social theorists to derive the individual actions from postulated social structures, Garfinkel delved rau hauv minutiae ntawm lub neej niaj hnub. Nws tsis nrhiav kev txo qis kev ua rau puas siab puas ntsws lossis neurological ua rau; Hloov chaw, nws sim ua cov kev sib txuas lus mus rau lawv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Tus kws tshawb fawb tus kheej
Harold Garfinkel yog ib tug txiv neej zoo thiab hloov tau tus cwj pwm. Hauv kev sib tham, nws siv cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg qub, cov piv txwv tshwj xeeb, thiab cov kab lus zoo kawg nkaus. Thaum lub rooj sib tham thiab zaj lus qhia, nws tau xav txog cov lus nug, nthuav qhia lawv qhov muag pom, yuav luag ua yeeb yam, ncua sij hawm ntau lub sijhawm thaum cov neeg tuaj tshiab tos nws cov lus. Feem ntau nws tsoo lub silence nrog cryptic nqe lus thiab anecdotes. Nws cov ntawv sau thiab luam tawm cov lus qhuab qhia tau raug imbued nrog kev nkag siab tob txog ntawm irony thiab absurd.
Harold Garfinkel tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 93 xyoo xyoo 2011. Nws tau dim me ntsis los ntawm nws tus poj niam Arlene, uas nws tau sib yuav rau 65 xyoo. Ob niam txiv tso menyuam tseg - Leah thiab Mark.
Selected publications
Feem ntau ntawm Harold Garfinkel cov ntawv sau thawj zaug tau nthuav tawm ua cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txuj ci, feem ntau ntawm cov uas tau rov luam tawm ua phau ntawv tshooj.
Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau ua kom txaus siab rau kev txhim kho zoo ib yam ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb txoj kev xav, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab thaum cov hauj lwm no tau sau. Piv txwv li, Lub Zeem Muag Sociological, uas tau luam tawm tsis ntev los no, tau sau tiag tiag thaum Harold Garfinkel yog ib tus tub ntxhais kawm tiav. Nov yog ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm cov ntawv sau tseg uas tau sau ob xyoos tom qab tuaj txog ntawm Harvard.
Sociological Information Theory tau sau thaum nws tseem yog menyuam kawm ntawv. Nws tau ua raws li tsab ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 1952 uas tau npaj nrog Lub Koom Haum Kev Coj Tus Cwj Pwm ntawm Princeton. Qee qhov haujlwm thaum ntxov ntawm ethnomethodology tau rov luam tawm txij li thaum. Qhov ntim no suav hais tias yog classic rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm. Harold Garfinkel tom qab hloov kho ib qho anthology uas qhia cov piv txwv ntawm kev tshawb fawb ethnomethodologically suab. Ib qho kev xaiv ntawm nws cov ntawv sau tom qab tau muab luam tawm dua li qhov kev pabcuam ethnomethodology. Qhov kev sau no, ua ke nrog cov kev tshawb fawb, sawv cev rau qhov tseeb nthuav tawm ntawm txoj hauv kev ethnomethodological.
