Lub cev tib neeg yog ib txoj hauv kev nyuaj heev uas koom nrog kev siv ntau yam txheej txheem. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog mineral metabolism. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias tus txheej txheem no yog ib tug ua ke ntawm ob peb cais me me txheej txheem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev.
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb
Nws tsim nyog pib qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam nrog cov lus nug ntawm nws yog dab tsi - ntxhia pauv.
Raws li tau sau tseg ua ntej, qhov no yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau lwm cov txheej txheem, xws li: nqus, assimilation, faib, hloov pauv thiab tawm ntawm lub cev ntawm qee yam khoom uas nyob hauv nws hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov metabolism hauv cov ntxhia yog tias thaum cov khoom xyaw ua ke nrog cov kua roj ntsha, lawv yuav tsim ib puag ncig sab hauv ntawm lub cev. Qhov chaw no yuav muaj qee qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, kev ua haujlwm tas li ntawm ob lub hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg yuav ua kom ntseeg tau.
Mineral metabolism kuj tseem ceeb raukuaj mob ntau yam kab mob. Nws txhais li cas? Qhov no txhais tau hais tias los ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm qee cov ntxhia hauv cov kua hauv lub cev, ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog lub xeev ntawm tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Lawm, yog tias cov txheej txheem no cuam tshuam, ces yuav muaj qhov tsis muaj qee yam khoom, lossis lawv qhov tsis tiav. Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov metabolism hauv cov ntxhia, lossis nws qhov kev ua txhaum cai, tuaj yeem yog thawj qhov kev txhim kho ntawm tus kabmob, thaum lwm tus tsuas yog ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim.
Kev kawm ntawm cov khoom
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqus cov khoom ntxhia tshwm sim hauv tib neeg lub plab zom mov, los ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav thiab lymph. Yog tias peb tham txog cov ntsiab lus ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv tib neeg lub cev, ces qhov loj tshaj plaws yog nyob ntawm chloride, phosphate thiab carbon dioxide compounds. Cov no suav nrog cov ntsev ntawm calcium, sodium, magnesium thiab potassium. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj no, lub cev muaj ob peb lwm cov kab ke koom nrog hauv cov ntxhia hauv cov metabolism. Cov no suav nrog cov tebchaw ntawm hlau, zinc, tooj liab, manganese thiab lwm yam.
Raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, nws yog khoom noj. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam khoom noj muaj sib npaug nrog cov tshuaj no. Cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj no yog cov nqaij, mis nyuj, qhob cij dub, nrog rau zaub thiab legumes.
Thaum lub sijhawm cov ntxhia ntsev metabolism hauv tib neeg lub cev, cov khoom no sib xyaw nrog cov dej hauv dej. Ua li no, soluble tag nrho lossis ib nrab solublekev sib txuas. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom no pib muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ions.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias thaum lub sij hawm mineral metabolism hauv lub cev, tsis yog tag nrho cov tebchaw dissolve los yog ib nrab yaj. Insoluble compounds kuj tuaj yeem tsim.
Ntau cov ntxhia hauv cov khoom xyaw
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ib tug neeg tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj hauv lub cev thiab tsis siv cov khoom tsis tsim nyog, thiab yog li kev nplua nuj ntawm txhua yam yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb. Kev tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom siv ntau dhau yog ua tiav, tshwj xeeb, nrog kev pab ntawm lub raum thiab cov hnyuv. Mineral metabolism hauv lub cev yog ua los ntawm cov kua dej ntau, nrog rau kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj. Yog tias koj haus cov ntsev ntau ntau, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias cov khoom no hauv lub cev nce ntau dhau, thiab kev haus dej ntau ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua kom rov qab sib npaug.
Cov no yog ob txoj kev sib txuas tsis sib txuas. Txij li cov dej-ntsev yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib pauv ntawm cov ntxhia hauv cov khoom xyaw. Qhov no txhais li cas?
Dej- ntsev thiab ntxhia metabolism txhais tau tias tag nrho ntawm cov txheej txheem nkag ntawm cov khoom no rau hauv lub cev thiab lawv cov kev faib tawm ntxiv hauv ib puag ncig sab hauv. Thiab kuj rho tawm. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb hauv kev sib pauv yog NaCl compound. Kev tswj hwm cov metabolism hauv ib txwm muaj ntawm cov tshuaj no muab rau tus neeg muaj qhov ntim tas li ntawm cov ntshav thiab lwm cov kua dej tseem ceeb, ruaj khov osmotic siab, thiabtswj acid-base tshuav nyiaj li cas. Kev tswj hwm ntawm osmotic siab, piv txwv li, yog ua los ntawm kev koom tes ntawm sodium hauv cov metabolism. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias kwv yees li 95% ntawm tag nrho cov osmotic siab ntawm plasma yog tswj los ntawm cov khoom no.
Luv luv txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov zaub mov
Txhua cov ntxhia, ntxiv rau kev koom nrog hauv kev sib pauv, ua ntau yam tseem ceeb ntxiv:
- Muab cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb xws li ntshav txhaws.
- Tsim lub peev xwm hu ua lub peev xwm membrane, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm rau cov hlwb ua kom txaus siab.
- Minerals lawv tus kheej muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm ntau yam tib neeg lub cev. Inorganic Cheebtsam muaj feem xyuam rau cov ntxhia tshuaj tuaj yeem tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm insoluble compounds. Cov tebchaw no muaj nyob hauv cov pob txha thiab pob txha mos.
- Cov tshuaj ntxhia muaj zog koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox thiab qee qhov lwm tus.
Biochemistry ntawm Cheebtsam. Lub luag haujlwm yog dab tsi?
Lub biochemistry ntawm cov zaub mov yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv peb lub cev. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub Cheebtsam koom nyob rau hauv xws li cov txheej txheem txhawb tib neeg lub neej. Lawv yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev sib kis ntawm cov teeb liab electrochemical hauv tib neeg cov leeg nqaij thiab cov paj hlwb.
Ntxiv rau, cov khoom ntxhia yog suav tias yog cov khoom siv rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau cov tshuaj lom neeg biochemical, suav tias yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev.cev pob txha. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm no tias tib neeg lub cev nws tus kheej tsis muaj peev xwm tsim cov zaub mov, thiab lawv cov peev txheej tsawg heev. Nws yog vim ob qho laj thawj no uas yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom txaus ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog hauv tib neeg lub cev nrog rau cov zaub mov thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, haus cov vitamins.
Macro thiab micronutrients
Txhua cov zaub mov koom nrog hauv cov metabolism tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg - macro- thiab microelements.
Yog peb tham txog macronutrients, ces qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj no ib hnub twg yog qhov loj heev. Nws yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv milligrams, thiab rau ib co Cheebtsam txawm grams, uas yog xam tau tias yog loj npaum li cas rau lub cev. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov kab lus, ces qhov xav tau rau lawv yog ntau tsawg. Nws yog tsim nyog hais tias ib tug neeg zoo tib yam tsis tshua muaj kev tsis muaj cov zaub mov, vim muaj ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov. Muaj cov kab mob tsawg heev hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab lawv suav nrog kaum milligrams lossis tsawg dua. Txawm li cas los xij, kev faib tawm ntawm cov tshuaj no tsis sib xws. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub so ntswg uas nplua nuj nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev yog cov ntaub so ntswg, uas yog 98% ntxhia-nplua nuj.
Lub luag haujlwm thiab pauv dej hauv lub cev
Tib neeg lub cev yog kwv yees li 65% kua (60-70% ntawm tag nrho lub cev hnyav). Nws paub tias dej yog nyob rau hauv peb theem ua kua -intracellular thiab extracellular kua, nrog rau transcellular. Cov kua dej tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, qhov no yog kwv yees li 40-45% ntawm tag nrho cov dej tivthaiv. Cov kua dej extracellular muaj xws li plasma, lymph thiab intercellular kua. Yog tias peb tham txog feem pua ntawm tag nrho lub cev qhov hnyav ntawm tus neeg, ces ntshav ntshav - 5%, kua - 16%, lymph - 2%. Transcellular kua, ntawm qhov tod tes, occupies tsuas yog 1-3%, thiab nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg nws zoo ib yam li cov extracellular tivthaiv. Cov kua dej no suav nrog cov kua cerebrospinal thiab cov kua dej intraocular.
Kev faib dej nkag mus rau hauv lub cev thaum haus dej (1-2 liters), zaub mov (kwv yees li 1 liter dej) yog nqa tawm ntawm peb theem. Cov txheej txheem faib khoom yog nyob ntawm seb cov ntsiab lus ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj osmotic hauv txhua theem.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov kua
Hauv lub cev, cov kua dej ua lwm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - nws yog kev saib xyuas ntawm ionic asymmetry ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Qhov sib npaug ntawm lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm zoo ntawm txhua lub hlwb ntawm txhua lub cev thiab lub cev.
Lwm cov kua dej lom neeg kuj tseem koom nrog hauv cov ntxhia hauv cov metabolism. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv lawv cov ionic muaj pes tsawg leeg lawv txawv heev ntawm cov ntshav plasma. Thaum kawg, peb tuaj yeem ntxiv tias lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem dej-ntsev metabolism, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov ntxhia, yog ua si los ntawm ob lub raum thiab qee cov tshuaj hormones tshwj xeeb los ntawm tib pab pawg.
Yuav kom tswj cov metabolism ntawm cov tshuaj no nyob rau theem tsim nyog, qee cov cai yuav tsum ua raws li:
- yuav tsum haus dej txaus thaum nruab hnub.
- Nws raug pom zoo kom xaiv cov ntxhia lossis cov kua dej, tab sis tsis yog kua carbonated.
- Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum tau noj lawv txhua hnub nrog rau lwm yam khoom noj.
- Tam sim no, muaj cov khoom noj - khoom noj khoom haus. Qee zaum, lawv siv yog qhov tsim nyog thaum koj xav tau sai sai rau tib neeg lub cev nrog tag nrho cov zaub mov tsim nyog.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm qee cov ions hauv cov metabolism
Qee ions ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv cov metabolism dua li lwm tus. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog sodium thiab potassium ions. Ob pawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus no yog lub luag haujlwm rau qib pH, rau osmotic siab, thiab tseem rau qhov ntim ntawm cov kua hauv tib neeg lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj kev koom tes hauv kev thauj cov amino acids, suab thaj, thiab lwm yam ions los ntawm cov cell membrane.
Minerals hauv me nyuam
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia cais cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib pauv ntawm cov khoom no hauv cov menyuam yaus. Lawv muaj kev loj hlob sai thiab tsis tu ncua thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke thiab cov kabmob. Thiab qhov no cuam tshuam rau kev sib pauv ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog tias kev noj cov tshuaj no thiab lawv cov kev tawm hauv lub cev tsis sib npaug ntawm lawv tus kheej, xws li cov neeg laus.
Intensive kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, nrog rau kev tsim cov ntaub so ntswg tshiab nquag nqus tag nrho cov ntxhiatshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau ionic tivthaiv ntawm cov ntshav plasma thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kua dej extracellular. Yuav luag tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm lub neej, nws tseem tsis tau hloov pauv. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog pom hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab lossis cov menyuam yaus xwb.
suav nrog, peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov metabolism ntawm cov tshuaj no hauv lub cev, nws txoj haujlwm ruaj khov thiab kev tswj hwm txhua lub ntsiab lus ntawm qib tsim nyog yog tus yuam sij rau kev loj hlob thiab noj qab haus huv ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab tsis muaj kab mob. laus.
