Tsev kawm ntawv pab tau yooj yim heev rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv niaj hnub. Nrog lawv pab, xaiv, hloov, hloov, tso saib cov ntaub ntawv yog nqa tawm.
Kev siv cov kev qhia txuj ci hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv niaj hnub no tso cai rau koj los ua kom muaj ntau yam kev txawj ntse.
Lub ntsiab lus thiab qhov tseeb
Tom qab kev qhia txog tsoomfwv cov qauv kev kawm tshiab hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv tsev, cov khoom ntawm kev kawm tau dhau los ua nyuaj. Cov kev qhia txuj ci pab kom tus kws qhia ntawv mus dhau chav kawm, piav qhia thiab ua qauv qhia rau cov menyuam yaus cov txheej txheem thiab qhov tshwm sim uas tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab.
Nrog lawv txoj kev siv lub ntsiab lus, tus kws qhia ntawv hloov lub sijhawm qhia, qauv qhov chaw, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nkag siab txog ntau yam kev kawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Technological learning aids qhia cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis uas nyuaj rau kev nkag siab nrog chalk thiab blackboard.
ICT ua kom nws nthuav dav cov khoom siv kos duab, tsimCov teeb meem muaj teeb meem, txhawm rau ua cov haujlwm tshawb fawb nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis yog hauv chav kawm nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv kev ua ub no ntxiv.
Kev kawm suav nrog
Cov kev kawm txuj ci yog tsim los tsis yog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm txawj ntse xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj lub cev tsis taus. Cov menyuam no tsis tuaj yeem mus kawm ntawv ua ke nrog cov menyuam noj qab haus huv, tab sis lawv muaj cai tau txais kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse. Tam sim no, thawj cov kev pabcuam kev cob qhia tau tsim rau lawv.
Qhov kev zov me nyuam tau muab tso ua ke rau txhua tus menyuam yaus, suav nrog nws lub cev nqaij daim tawv, kev txaus siab thiab kev txawj ntse. Ntawm cov txhais tau tias surdotechnical, cov cuab yeej siv suab nrov rau ib tus neeg thiab siv ua ke yog ib leeg, ua tsaug uas nws muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm los txhim kho kev hnov lus tsis zoo rau cov menyuam lag ntseg thiab tsis hnov lus.
Cov kev qhia zoo li no hauv tsev kawm yog cov khoom siv uas xa cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub suab tshwm sim uas hloov mus rau hauv lub teeb, tactile thiab vibration signals uas hnov los ntawm lub cev.
Kej yam ntawm TCO
Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm peb qhov sib cuam tshuam: txheej txheem, txheej txheem, koom haum.
Technical txhais tau tias hauv cov txheej txheem kev kawm suav nrog kev hloov kho, kev txhim kho, kev txhim kho, uas yog siv rau kev tawm tswv yim ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv thiabcov tub ntxhais kawm. Lawv pab ua, sau ntaub ntawv, npaj kev kawm tus kheej.
Thaum qhov xwm txheej uas siv qhov muag pom thiab kev qhia txuj ci tsis zoo, lawv yuav tsis ua rau qhov xav tau. Ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov kws qhia ntawv, feem coob yog cov poj niam uas tsis nkag siab txog technology.
Ib qho teeb meem puas siab puas ntsws loj yog kev ntshai ntawm cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau tiv nrog nws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom paub cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kindergartens thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv nrog TCO, cov cai rau lawv daim ntawv thov, thiab cov kev pabcuam.
Applications
Txhua yam kev qhia niaj hnub no raws li qib kev thov, qib kev npaj ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tau muab faib ua peb theem ntawm daim ntawv thov:
- ntu;
- synchronous;
- systematic.
Hauv thawj kis, tus kws qhia ntawv tsuas yog qee zaus siv TCO. Synchronous daim ntawv thov yog txuam nrog lawv qhov kev koom nrog hauv kev kawm thiab kev kawm.
Kev siv thev naus laus zis tso cai rau tus kws qhia kom nthuav dav ntawm cov kev qhia kev qhuab qhia.
Modern TCO
Nyob rau theem ntawm tus cwj pwm tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam, lub hauv paus ntawm lub tswv yim, tswv yim, kev txawj ntse thiab kev txawj ntse yog nteg. Cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv uas tau kawm los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv suav nrog kev siv cov kev qhia txuj ci, kev txhim kho kev loj hlob thiab kev qhia.
TSO muab sijhawm rau tus xibfwb los txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev kawm,txhim kho cov kev txawj thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm lawv cov menyuam kawm ntawv.
Cov cuab yeej siv cuab yeej siv nrog kev txhawb nqa Didactic yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua. Lawv muab ob lub ntsiab lus:
- didactic;
- technical.
Kev faib tawm
Cov kev pabcuam tshwjxeeb tau qhia rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev kawm txhawm rau txhim kho nws qhov zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
hom kev pom muaj xws li cov pob tshab, cov duab thaij duab, ntau yam khoom siv swb.
Audio TSOs yog lub suab kaw thiab tsim cov khoom siv, phonograms.
Kev xaiv kev tswj hwm suav nrog ntau yam simulators.
Cov cuab yeej kawm tsis siv neeg yog ntau yam khoom siv computer thiab khoom siv.
Tam sim no nws nyuaj rau nrhiav tsev kawm hauv tebchaws Russia uas tsis muaj chav kawm computer. Hom TCO no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua kom cov txheej txheem kev kawm zoo.
Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau cov cuab yeej siv khoos phis tawj tsim nyog rau kindergartens, tsev kawm ntawv, gymnasiums, lyceums:
- los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev muab cov ntaub ntawv (suab, tshuaj ntsuam, tshuaj ntsuam-suab);
- los ntawm lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm (cov khoom siv xov tooj cua, cov cuab yeej pabcuam, cov chav kawm txuj ci).
Siv cov lus qhia
Tam sim no muaj peb txoj hauv kev siv:
- modernization ntawm upbringing thiab kev kawm ua hauj lwm tsom rautob tob, kev xav ntawm kev paub txog kev kawm los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, tau txais daim duab tiav ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lawv thaj av, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib puag ncig;
- lub koom haum tshawb fawb ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, kev sib pauv kev paub, kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm;
- public education.
TCO Options
Muaj cov simulator tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau koj los ntsuas qib ntawm UUN. Piv txwv li, tus kws tshuaj xyuas lub tsheb yog siv los ntsuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej siv computer hauv lub tsheb.
Kev cob qhia suav nrog kev txhim kho kev txawj ntse, txheeb xyuas thiab tshem tawm cov teeb meem hauv kev paub txog theoretical thiab cov tswv yim.
Computer siv nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv niaj hnub no tau nruab nrog cov kev kawm tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau cov kws qhia ntawv los tswj cov kev paub ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv kev tsim cov kev txawj suav lej, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
Cov kws kho tshwj xeeb ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov duab thaum kos duab thiab kos duab.
Txhua cov kev pabcuam siv hauv tsev gymnasiums, tsev kawm ntawv, lyceums tau hloov kho raws li tus kheej lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Raws li qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev qhuab qhia kev qhuab qhia, tus kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev lossis siv ntau hom kev qhia txuj ci hauv kev kawm thiab kev kawm.
TCO Features
Niaj hnub nimno PCsyog tsim los ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua, tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov roj teeb hluav taws xob, los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (txog 5 V). Lawv siv lub zog me me thiab tuaj yeem nruab rau hauv txhua chav kawm.
Lub PC no tau nruab nrog ntau yam khoom siv ntxiv, yog li koj tuaj yeem sib txuas cov ntawv nrog animation, hais lus, suab paj nruag. Multimedia yog ib qho kev pabcuam zoo rau cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool. Hauv cov chav kawm uas tsim los tsim kev txawj hais lus, tsim kom muaj kev nkag siab zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig, cov menyuam yaus nrog TSO kawm paub txog tsiaj los ntawm lub suab, tsos, cwj pwm.
Yog tias cov kev qhia txuj ci raug siv ib ntus hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool, tom qab ntawd hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, lyceums, gymnasiums lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua zaj lus qhia. Txhua yam kev kawm muaj nws tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Piv txwv li, chav kawm sib tham hauv physics tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab cov xwm txheej thiab cov txheej txheem uas tus kws qhia ntawv tsis tuaj yeem ua qauv qhia.
Ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntau tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov xov xwm tshem tawm me me uas siv cov disks (floppy disks) raws li xav tau.
Ntawm cov kev tsim kho tshiab uas tau nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias yog kev qhia txog cov ntawv teev npe hluav taws xob thiab cov ntawv sau. Yog tsis muaj TCO, sau cov ntaub ntawv no yuav ua tsis tau. Multimedia tso cai rau tus kws qhia ntawv sau cov lus sib piv, tshuaj xyuas tus kheej kev ua tiav ntawm txhua tus menyuam, tsim kev loj hlob rau txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv.
Qhov tseeb tseem ceeb
Dab tsi yog tus tswjtechnical condition ntawm tsheb? Kev kawm cov kev cai tsheb tsis yog tsuas yog cov kev cai ntawm txoj kev, tab sis kuj xav txog cov cuab yeej ntawm lub tsheb. Cov tsev kawm tsav tsheb tau txais TCO nruab nrog cov simulator tshwj xeeb. Kev cob qhia yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas yav tom ntej tsav tsheb ua hauj lwm tawm theoretical kev paub tau txais nyob rau hauv lectures. Qhov no ua kom yooj yim rau kev npaj rau kev xeem dhau, yog qhov lees paub ntawm kev tso tawm cov neeg tsav tsheb tsim nyog los ntawm cov tsev kawm tsav tsheb.
Yuav kom TCO ua tau zoo li qhov ua tau, koj yuav tsum xub kawm paub siv cov khoom siv li no.
Ua ntej, tus kws qhia ntawv muab cov lus qhia, piav qhia cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, cov cai rau kev ua haujlwm nrog nws. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd, cov tub ntxhais kawm pib ua haujlwm ywj pheej.
Kev siv tau zoo
Nws muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau theem ntawm zaj lus qhia. Piv txwv li, yog tias TCO siv rau hauv ib zaj lus qhia ntau tshaj 20 feeb, qhov no ua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis nkag siab, ua, nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv, tsis txaus siab rau zaj lus qhia.
Psychologists ntseeg tau tias qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog siv cov txheej txheem kev qhia thaum pib ntawm zaj lus qhia. 5-10 feeb txaus los tsom rau hauv chav kawm txog qhov teeb meem uas yuav raug txiav txim siab thaum lub sijhawm kawm.
Koj tuaj yeem siv TCO hauv nruab nrab ntawm zaj lus qhia kom muaj kev mloog zoo hauv chav kawm. Kev siv tib txoj kev qhia ua monotonous ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, tsis muaj peev xwm pom cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm.
Yuav ua li cas zam qhov noTeeb meem? Psychologists pom zoo cov kws qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv kom hloov kev xav nrog kev thauj mus los, piv txwv li, cov khoom siv theoretical nrog rau kev saib ib feem, slides, cartoons.
Zoo kawg
Cov kev qhia txuj ci, uas suav nrog cov khoos phis tawj ntawm tus kheej, ntau yam xov xwm, tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm. Muab qhov kev ua haujlwm thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm TCOs, tam sim no lawv tau muab faib ua ntau yam qauv.
Muab rau hauv tus account lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm, lawv tau muab faib ua txhais tau tias tso cai rau koj hloov cov ntaub ntawv kev kawm, tswj hwm kev kawm thoob ntiaj teb, thiab ua tiav kev kawm tus kheej. Kuj tseem muaj cov cuab yeej siv ua ke ua ke ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm ib zaug.
Ib yam tshwj xeeb ntawm daim kab xev kaw, epiprojectors, graph projectors, video recorders yog lub peev xwm los hloov cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv daim ntawv uas yooj yim rau kev nkag siab.
Tam sim no, cov koom haum kev kawm siv ntau yam kev ua haujlwm thiab cov cuab yeej siv uas tso cai, raws li cov txheej txheem tsim nyog thiab cov kev pab cuam, los ntsuas qhov kev xaiv ntawm kev paub txog cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Lawv txawv ntawm hom kev cob qhia, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov tub ntxhais kawm cov lus teb.
Nws nyuaj rau xav txog lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv Lavxias Lavxias, qhov twg tsis siv cov kev qhia txuj ci. Thiab hauv kindergartens, thiab hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, TSOs tso cai qhia cov kev ua tiav tshiab rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev kawm.niaj hnub science thiab technology.
