Raws li koj paub, lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb yog qhov sib txawv ntawm nws cov qauv. Qee qhov chaw tseem raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov txheej txheem endogenous, thaum lwm tus tau nyob hauv kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb ntev. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias tectonic txav mus tas li yuav hloov lub ntiaj teb saum npoo, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob zeb - geosynclines. Cov cheeb tsam no yog cov mobile heev thiab muaj lub zog me me, tsis zoo li cov platforms. Dab tsi yog geosynclines? Cia wb mus saib lo lus no hais txog thaj chaw.
Geosynclines hauv thaj chaw: txhais thiab cov yam ntxwv dav
Dab tsi yog qhov geosyncline hauv thaj chaw? Lub ntsiab lus yuav zoo li no: ib qho loj, elongated cheeb tsam uas tau raug deformation thiab kev poob qis rau lub sijhawm ntev, vim tias qhov zoo nkauj txheej ntawm pob zeb ntawm sedimentary thiab volcanic keeb kwm tau sau rau hauv nws. Cov no yog cov yas thiab cov khoom txawb ntawm lub ntiaj teb pob zeb, uas thoob plaws tag nrho tectonicLub voj voog raug hloov pauv loj.
Types of geosynclines
Nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej tectonic ntawm kev tsim thiab cov qauv ntawm cov txheej sedimentary, ob hom geosynclines yog qhov txawv. Ib qho kev hloov zuj zus ntawm cov xwm txheej tectonic ua rau deformation ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov cheeb tsam no thiab tsim cov av zoo thiab tsis zoo:
Miogeosyncline. Daim ntawv no feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov txee ntiav, nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas lub ntiaj teb crust yog qhov thinnest thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm hnyav loads, nws tsis tawg, tab sis khoov, tag nrho cov ua tsaug rau cov yas qauv ntawm cov pob zeb constituent. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm deflection, kev nyuaj siab yog tsim, uas, zoo li ib tug funnel, attracts sedimentary khoom. Ib qho kev nce hauv qhov loj ntawm sedimentary deposits ua rau ib tug ntxiv txo nyob rau hauv lub theem ntawm kev nyuaj siab, thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, provokes lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm loj loj txheej ntawm sediments, uas pw nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov deposits yog heev raug. Cov no feem ntau yog xuab zeb, silt, carbonate sediments thiab silts. Maj mam, tom qab ntau lab xyoo thiab nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev nyuaj siab, tag nrho cov deposits tau hloov mus rau hauv cov pob zeb sedimentary: shale, limestone, sandstone
Eugeosyncline. Feem ntau, tectonic tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas sediments feem ntau accumulates sharply cuam tshuam. Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm convergent (rau ib leeg) txav daim hlau. Yog li, daim phiaj dej hiav txwv tuaj yeem mus rau sab av loj, thiab txhua yam no tshwm sim ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kab nqes hav. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw no, ciam teb feem ntau nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub txee thiab ntau duaqhov tob ntawm dej hiav txwv. Yog hais tias ib tug ntse hloov ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no, ces subduction (txo) ntawm dej hiav txwv phaj nyob rau hauv lub continental ib tug yuav tshwm sim, thiab qhov no yuav ua rau tsim ib tug sib sib zog nqus trench. Zoo li miogeosynclines, lawv tsis nyob hauv thaj chaw txee thiab tuaj yeem nyob txhua qhov chaw ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. Tab sis feem ntau cov no yog cov kob arcs, archipelagos nrog active volcanoes, continental coasts nrog nce seismic kev ua si. Nyob rau hauv lub trenches, kuj muaj ib tug intensive tsub zuj zuj ntawm sediments, tab sis tsis zoo li miogeosingkinals, lawv yog endogenous keeb kwm (tsim los ntawm volcanic kev ua si). Ob peb sedimentary thiab clastic deposits yog ntxhib heev thiab interspersed nrog cov txheej ntawm bas alt uas tau tawg vim los ntawm underwater eruptions. Tsis tu ncua subduction drags cov deposits mus rau hauv lub qhov tob heev ntawm lub mantle, qhov twg, nyob rau hauv lub cuam tshuam ntawm enormous kub thiab pressures, lawv metamorphose rau hauv amphibolites thiab gneisses
Cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov khoom siv txav tau
Cov qauv ntawm geosyncline yog qhov nyuaj heev. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib tug cunning plexus ntawm kiag li heterogeneous structural ntsiab. Txhua yam yog intertwined ua ke: cov kob arcs, seem ntawm dej hiav txwv pem teb, qhov chaw ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv marginal seas, fragments ntawm continents thiab dej hiav txwv uplifts. Tab sis peb yam tuaj yeem paub meej meej:
- Ntug deflection. Nws nyob ntawm qhov sib tshuam ntawm qhov chaw folded thiab platforms.
- Zoo siab txais tos. Tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua keDej hiav txwv toj siab, kob arcs thiab submarine ridges.
- Zone of orogeny. Cov chaw uas cov txheej txheem hauv roob nce mus tas li, feem ntau yog vim muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab dej hiav txwv blocks.
Ib me ntsis ntawm geology: cov pob zeb uas ua rau thaj tsam geosynclinal
Hauv qhov kev nkag siab yooj yim, geosynclines yog cov troughs loj uas muaj tag nrho cov pob zeb. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov ntaub ntawv constituent muaj ib tug heev heterogeneous qauv. Nyob rau hauv geosynclinal deposits muaj lub cev muaj zog ntawm igneous, sedimentary thiab txawm metamorphic pob zeb. Maj mam, txhua tus ntawm lawv tau koom nrog cov txheej txheem folding txuas ntxiv thiab lub tsev roob. Feem ntau geosynclinal formations:
- volcanogenic siliceous;
- flash;
- greenstone;
- clay-shale;
- mollas (tsuas yog dej hiav txwv);
Kuj feem ntau muaj kev cuam tshuam - atypical inclusions nyob rau hauv tej pob zeb. Feem ntau, cov no yog granite thiab ophiolite formations.
Evolution ntawm geosynclines: theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob
Thiab tam sim no xav txog kev hloov pauv ntawm geosynclines thiab theem ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Hauv ib lub voj voog tectonic, 4 theem dhau:
- thawj theem. Thaum pib, geosyncline yog qhov ntiav ntiav nrog ib qho yooj yim tsim. Tom qab ntawd muaj ib qho kev txo qis ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust, thiab kev nyuaj siab yog sau nrog sedimentary khoom, uas yog coj los ntawm cov dej hauv qab thiab.dej ntws. Cov qauv ntawm geosyncline kuj tseem maj mam ua nyuaj.
- theem thib ob. Lub cheeb tsam pib muab faib ua deflections thiab uplifts, lub nyem yuav nyuaj heev. Nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav ntawm sedimentary strata, crustal fractures thiab displacements yuav tshwm.
- Thib peb. Lub deflection yog hloov los ntawm ib tug uplift. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv tau zoo heev uas cov av zoo pib tsim los ntawm geosyncline.
- Plaub theem. Exogenous txheej txheem yog hloov los ntawm endogenous sawv daws yuav. Nyob rau theem kawg, cov txheej txheem tectonic hauv lub ntiaj teb crust ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lawv provoke qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw thiab tig lub geosyncline mus rau hauv thaj tsam fold-thaiv.
thaj chaw Geosynclinal ntawm peb ntiaj chaw
Raws li peb nco ntsoov, geosynclines yog thaj chaw uas muaj kev txav mus tas li thiab ua rau deformation. Cov xwm txheej no cuam tshuam loj rau kev faib cov cheeb tsam thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Feem ntau lawv nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov platforms qub lossis nruab nrab ntawm thaj av loj thiab dej hiav txwv crust. Marginal seas, trench, kob arcs, thiab archipelagos feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Qhov ntev ntawm thaj chaw geosynclinal tuaj yeem ncav cuag kaum thiab ntau pua txhiab kilometers, khoov ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb kauj ruam hauv arcs thiab txoj siv sia.
Outdated geological theory
Txoj kev xav niaj hnub no ntawm phaj tectonics tau ntev ua ntej los ntawm kev xav ntawm geosynclines. Nws tau txais nws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam txog 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Txawm nyob deb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov tob ntawdLub substrate ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust yog lub hauv paus rau active roob tsev txheej txheem. Nws tau ntseeg hais tias yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv lub activation ntawm lub endogenous rog ntawm lub ntiaj teb, uas launched ib tug tshiab voj voog nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov khoom sedimentary accumulated. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pom tias txhua yam nyob ntawm qhov kev txav ntawm tectonic ntawm daim phiaj, thiab qhov kev xav tau dhau los.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm geosynclines thiab platforms
Nws ntseeg tau tias geosynclines yog qhov chaw nquag tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb. Lawv yog cov tsis ruaj khov thiab txawb, tsis zoo li cov platforms, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, kuj ruaj khov. Geosynclines nyob rau ntawm thaj tsam ntawm daim phiaj tectonic, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lawv cov kev sib tsoo ntau zaus, thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv thinner thiab yooj yim dua qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust. Platforms, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab ruaj khov ib feem ntawm lub mainland, qhov twg thickness ntawm lub crust yog siab tshaj.
Geosynclinal txoj siv sia ntawm lub ntiaj teb
Raws li txoj kev xav ntawm geosynclines, nyob rau hauv 1.6 billion xyoo dhau los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb, tsib lub ntsiab mobile siv tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no:
Pacific. Txoj siv sia nyob ib ncig ntawm dej hiav txwv ntawm tib lub npe thiab cais nws lub txaj los ntawm cov teb chaws Asia, North thiab South America, Antarctica thiab Australia
- Mediterranean. Txuas nrog thawj zaug hauv cov dej ntawm Malay Archipelago, thiab tom qab ntawd txuas mus rau Gibr altar, hla yav qab teb Eurasia thiab Northwest Africa.
- Ural-Mongolian. Lub arc mus ncig ntawm Siberian platform thiab cais nws los ntawmEast European Plain nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab Sino-Korean nyob rau sab qab teb.
- Atlantic. Encircles cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov teb chaws nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm dej hiav txwv.
- Arctic. Extended raws Eurasian thiab North American ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Arctic Ocean.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov cheeb tsam no ua ke nrog cov chaw ntawm lub roob hluav taws siab tshaj plaws, nrog rau cov roob loj thiab cov dej hiav txwv tob hauv cov cheeb tsam no.
