Cov neeg Slavic tuaj qhov twg? Muaj ob peb txoj kev xav txog qhov no. Hauv kab lus no peb yuav sim nkag siab tias ethnogenesis yog dab tsi. Peb yuav pom tias qhov kev xav ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Eastern Slavs muaj nyob.
ethnogenesis yog dab tsi?
Tib neeg tsis tshwm sim hauv ib pliag. Cov neeg sib txawv koom ua ke hauv pab pawg me, uas maj mam nthuav dav. Cov zej zog me loj hlob mus rau tag nrho cov pab pawg neeg. Hauv lawv lub neej ua ke, lawv muaj lawv tus kheej lub hauv paus, tus cwj pwm, kev cai thiab kev coj noj coj ua uas txawv ntawm lwm pawg.
Dab tsi yog ethnogenesis? Qhov no yog thawj theem ntawm kev tsim cov neeg. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov ntawm tib neeg mus rau ib pab pawg nrog tib txoj kev ntawm lub neej, ib kab lis kev cai. Kev tsim ntawm ib haiv neeg, uas yog, tib neeg, tshwm sim vim muaj ntau yam thiab ntau yam.
Txhua lub tebchaws muaj keeb kwm sib txawv. Kev tshwm sim thiab tsim ntawm haiv neeg, ib lub teb chaws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm thaj chaw ib puag ncig, kev ntseeg, pawg neeg nyob sib ze. Cov neeg nyob thiab cov neeg invaders kuj pab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg. Qee cov neeg, xws li German, Asmeskas, Swiss, tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tw sab nraud.
Slavs
Nyob hauv kab lis kev cai-Hauv cov ntsiab lus ethnological, tib neeg yog ib lub zej zog ntawm tib neeg, uas yog koom ua ke los ntawm qee yam cwj pwm. Yav tas los, lawv yog cov neeg txheeb ze, tab sis dhau sij hawm, lus, kev ntseeg, keeb kwm yav dhau los, kab lis kev cai thiab kab lis kev cai, thaj chaw pib suav tias yog cov cim qhia.
Tebchaws Europe muaj txog 70 lub tebchaws, qee qhov yog Slavs. Lawv sawv cev rau haiv neeg loj tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv Central, yav qab teb, Eastern Europe, Far East thiab Asia ib feem ntawm Russia. Lawv suav kwv yees li 350 lab thoob ntiaj teb.
Sib txawv ntawm sab hnub tuaj, sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm cov Slavs. Cov Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians raug cais raws li Eastern Slavs vim muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab lus. Raws li qee cov kws tshawb fawb, cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov neeg no yog cov pej xeem tseem ceeb ntawm Lub Xeev Laus Laus hauv Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog, sawv cev rau ib haiv neeg.
Ethnogenesis ntawm Eastern Slavs
Raws li lub npe ntawm Wends, cov Slavs tshwm sim hauv ntau qhov chaw sau ntawv thaum ntxov li xyoo pua 1st BC. Ua ntej no, muaj ob peb haiv neeg ua ntej Slavic haiv neeg (piv txwv li, Przeworsk), uas, feem ntau yuav, ua rau cov neeg no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem ntawm ethnogenesis ntawm Slavs tseem qhib. Thiab tam sim no cov kev xav ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog qhov teeb meem no txawv.
Nws ntseeg tias cov Slavs koom nrog tsev neeg Indo-European lus, uas suav nrog ntau haiv neeg. Thiab cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm Slavs tuaj ntawm thaj chaw nruab nrab thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Raws li ntau yam kev xav, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Slavs yogthaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm Oder thiab Vistula, Middle Danube, Pripyat Polissya, thiab lwm yam.
Nws xav tias lawv nyob hauv pab pawg me, tom qab thawj xyoo txhiab lawv pib sib sau ua ke loj dua - pab pawg neeg koom siab. Maj mam, lawv tau muab faib ua cov ceg sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj, thiab dhau sij hawm, ib ceg sab qab teb tau tshwm sim. Eastern Slavs feem ntau hu ua Ants. Lawv nyob ib sab ntawm cov xeem Avars, Goths, Khazars, Pechenegs, Polovtsians.
Tag nrho cov pab pawg no muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev ua neej nyob ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Slavs. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv feem ntau muaj kev tsov kev rog, raids. Cov Khazars txawm tswj kom them se rau cov Slavs. Cov kws tshawb fawb tsis suav nrog qhov muaj peev xwm hais tias cov neeg niaj hnub East Slavic tuaj yeem yog cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm kev sib yuav ntawm Slavs thiab East European pab pawg.
Theories of the origin of the Eastern Slavs
Muaj ntau qhov kev xav txog keeb kwm thiab kev faib tawm ntawm pawg neeg Slavic. Yog li, autochthonous txoj kev xav ntawm ethnogenesis qhia tias cov pab pawg neeg ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Slavs tsis tuaj ntawm lwm thaj chaw, tab sis tau sawv hauv cov hav ntawm Dnieper thiab Dniester.
Raws li txoj kev xav tsiv teb tsaws chaw, thaum lub sij hawm Great Migration ntawm Tib Neeg nyob rau hauv lub III-VII centuries, lawv tau nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Dnieper thiab lub Dniester, nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj hav ntawm lub Dnieper. Tom qab ntawd, ib txhia ntawm lawv kis mus rau thaj tsam ntawm yav qab teb Ukraine, Southern Bug thiab niaj hnub Moldova. Lwm qhov, ntsib nrog Varangians, nres nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Russia thiab nrhiav tau Veliky Novgorod, kuj nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Beloozero thiab thaj tsam Tver.
Muaj ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke uas qhia tias kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov Slavs tau tshwm sim. Tsuas yog tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus tsiv mus, ib txhia tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lawv lub tebchaws keeb kwm, txuas ntxiv lawv txoj kev ua neej ib txwm muaj.
Zoo kawg
Dab tsi yog ethnogenesis? Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev yug thiab kev tsim ntawm tib neeg. Txawm hais tias lub sij hawm suav nrog nws txoj kev txhim kho ntxiv. Txoj kev kawm ntawm ethnogenesis suav nrog kev kawm txog kev paub lus, kab lis kev cai, keeb kwm ntawm ib tus neeg, lawv txoj kev ua neej, thaj chaw nyob thiab kev txav mus los thoob plaws lub neej.
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Eastern Slavs tseem tshuav cov lus nug ntau dua li cov lus teb. Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev xav, keeb kwm thiab ib nrab cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm hais txog kev tsim, tab sis tsis muaj kev pom zoo hauv kev tshawb fawb.
