Kev Xeem Hauv Xeev, lossis Kev Xeem Hauv Xeev, yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev xeem zaum kawg uas muaj nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem, cov neeg kawm tiav nkag mus rau ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Ib qho kev sim nrog kev qhia txog qhov kev xeem no tau pib xyoo 2001. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov kws qhia ntawv tau mob taub hau, thiab nrog rau nws cov lus nug: "Leej twg tsim Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Xeev hauv Russia?" Koj yuav kawm paub lub npe ntawm tus nom no hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
Vim li cas USE qhia
Lub hom phiaj ntawm daim ntawv xeem no yog txhawm rau txo qis kev noj nyiaj txiag hauv kev nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, nrog rau kev ua kom tau txais kev kawm qib siab rau cov kawm tiav. Ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm, nrog rau lawv niam lawv txiv, muaj kev sib tham sib tham txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm kev xeem dhau, qhov tsis ntseeg ntawm cov txiaj ntsig, thiab lwm yam. Cov kawm tiav puzzle txog leej twg invented lub Unified State Examination nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv foom phem rau tus hloov kho.
United state exam in the world
Yog kojYog tias koj xav tias USE thawj zaug tshwm sim hauv Russia, ces koj yuam kev heev. Kev kawm thoob ntiaj teb tau paub txog daim ntawv xeem no rau ntau tshaj 50 xyoo. Tab sis ua ntej hais txog cov lus nug ntawm leej twg invented lub Unified State Exam thiab lub Unified State Examination nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, cia peb kawm lub ntiaj teb no xyaum.
Thawj qhov kev xeem no tau muaj nyob rau Fabkis xyoo 1960. Lub sijhawm no, African thaj tsam ntawm kev ywj pheej Fabkis lub xeev tau txais kev ywj pheej, yog li ntau tus neeg tuaj xyuas tebchaws Africa tau tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws ntawm gourmets. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los twv tias theem ntawm lawv txoj kev kawm tau qis heev. Tab sis cov me nyuam ntawm cov niam txiv mus txawv tebchaws yuav tsum tau kawm. Cov tub ceev xwm Fab Kis tau ua txhua yam los ua kom yooj yim rau kev kuaj xyuas cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Lawv qhia cov lus nug.
Yog li, qhov kev xeem zaum kawg tau ua ke nrog kev xeem nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab.
Tsis zoo li cov neeg Lavxias, Fabkis pib tawm tsam hnyav. Lawv tau tshaj tawm rau cov tub ceev xwm tias daim ntawv tshuaj ntsuam no yuav "stupefy" lub teb chaws. Kev sib ntaus tau luv luv.
Tom qab 3 xyoos, Fabkis cov tub ceev xwm tau soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov kho thiab raug yuam kom tso tseg qhov kev hloov tshiab. Txawm hais tias muaj kev paub Fabkis txoj kev sim, cov kev sim no tau pib hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nws ntseeg tau tias nws yog qhov siv tau, yog li kev xyaum "2 kev xeem hauv 1" yog siv ntau lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb. Tam sim no koj paub tias leej twg yog tus tsim siv thawj zaug.
Russian kev paub
Ua ntej USE tau qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv, kev sim tau ua hauv qee lub gymnasiums thiab lyceums, qhov twg cov neeg kawm tiav tau yeem tuajkuaj. Rau cov lus nug ntawm leej twg invented lub Unified State Examination thiab GIA nyob rau hauv Russia, ntau tus neeg teb lo lus yuam kev: Andrey Fursenko. Tab sis qhov no nyob deb ntawm rooj plaub.
Tus tsim ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Lub Xeev hauv tebchaws Russia yog ib tus neeg ua haujlwm uas tau ua tus Minister of Education los ntawm 1998 txog 2004. Nws lub npe yuav tsis qhia koj ntau. Tus thawj tswj hwm no tau teeb tsa qhov kev hloov pauv loj ntawm Lavxias kev kawm. Nws suav nrog dab tsi? Ua ntej, nws tau koom nrog Lavxias Federation rau cov txheej txheem Bologna, raws li kev kawm qib siab tau muab faib ua tus tswv thiab bachelor's programs. Qhov thib ob, nws tsim thiab qhia cov qauv kev kawm tshiab. Nws ntseeg hais tias qhov kev taw qhia ntawm Unified State Examination yuav xaus rau kev noj nyiaj txiag hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, nrog rau tsim kom muaj kev xeem zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qib kev paub ntawm cov neeg kawm tiav - tom qab tag nrho, tsib lub ntsiab lus kev ntsuam xyuas tau ntev. outlived nws tus kheej.
Hais rau lo lus nug: "Leej twg invented USE nyob rau hauv Russia?" - muaj lus teb tsis meej: Filippov Vladimir Mikhailovich. Nws ntseeg tias daim ntawv xeem ntawm qhov kev xeem yuav daws tau cov teeb meem no. Hauv ib qho ntawm nws qhov kev xam phaj, Filippov tau sib cav tias ib tus tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm qib siab tseem ceeb hauv Moscow thiab St. Petersburg los ntawm kev qhia, kev kawm them nyiaj, lossis kev lees paub, uas tau xyaum hauv ob lub nroog ntawm peb lub xeev.
Nyob rau xyoo 1999, Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Xeem Xeem tau qhib nyob rau hauv Ministry of Education thiab Science. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub chaw no yog los tsim cov kev xeem hauv lub xeev, nrog rau kev tswj hwm kev paub zoo ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
Tam sim no koj paub tias leej twg tau tsim Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Xeev, tab sis nws tsis ua rau lub neej yooj yim dua. Cia peb kawm paublub tswv yim ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation rau daim ntawv no ntawm kev xeem.
Tus thawj tswj hwm hais li cas
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin paub tias leej twg tsim kev siv thiab GIA. Thiab rov hais dua tias qhov kev xeem muaj ob qho tib si minuses thiab pluses. Nws hais tias ua tsaug rau daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kev xeem zaum kawg, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg thov nkag mus rau hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv peb lub xeev los ntawm kev xeem dhau tau nce ntau zaus.
Hauv lwm lo lus, tus thawj tswj hwm lees paub qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub xeev, tab sis txawm li cas los xij suav tias qhov kev ntsuas no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tawm tsam kev noj nyiaj txiag thiab ua kom muaj kev kawm tiav rau cov kawm tiav hauv cheeb tsam.
Leej twg thiaj xeem tau
Pom zoo tias nws tsis muaj teeb meem txhua yam kom paub tias leej twg tsim Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Xeev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias leej twg tsim nyog tau txais kev xeem tshwj xeeb. Txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm qib kaum ib tau txais los ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv muaj cai koom nrog hauv xeev qhov kev xeem.
Tsim nyog xeem cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm qib siab, tsev kawm txuj ci, nrog rau cov kawm tiav high school uas tau xeem dhau los, tab sis xav txog cov txiaj ntsig tsis txaus siab.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm qib kaum ib uas muaj kev tsis taus tuaj yeem zam qhov kev xeem. Ua li no, lawv yuav tsum tau muab daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev tsis taus.
Cov kawm tiav ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm penitentiary, nrog rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev coj cwj pwm txawv, muaj cai xeem qhov kawg hauv daim ntawv ib txwm muaj.
Thaum twg yog xeem
USE tshwm sim hauv Russia raws li lub sijhawm dav dav. Nws yog sau los ntawm Ministrykev kawm thiab science. Kev xyaum tau pom tias nthwv dej ntawm kev xeem dhau los pib hauv ib nrab ntawm lub Tsib Hlis thiab xaus rau lub Rau Hli. Koj tuaj yeem xeem tau ntxov. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum ua ntawv thov rau kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv lossis tsev kawm qib siab, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem xeem tau lub Plaub Hlis.
Cov ntaub ntawv xeem
kab lus ntev no qhia txog kev sim, txwv tsis pub lawv hu ua KIMS. Lawv txoj kev loj hlob yog los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Lub Tsev Haujlwm rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Kawm. Txhua xyoo, FIPI uploads demo versions ntawm kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv rau txhua hom kev kawm rau lub network. Feem ntau, KIMs muaj peb ntu.
Kev ntsuas qhov tshwm sim
Tus uas tau tsim lub USE, uas yog Vladimir Filippov, tau qhia txog 100-point system rau kev ntsuas kev paub txog kev xeem. Txoj kev ntsuam xyuas yog ua nyob rau hauv ob theem. Thawj tus txiav txim seb tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Tus nqi txiav txim los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus tau txais rau txhua lo lus nug. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tuaj yeem pom ntawm FIPI lub vev xaib. Download tau lub demo version ntawm yam khoom xav tau. Qhib lub nplaub tshev, thiab tom qab ntawd kawm cov ntaub ntawv hu ua "Specification".
Nyob rau theem ob, cov compilers ntawm KIMs hloov cov qhab nias thawj rau hauv cov qhab nias xeem. Muaj 100 leej tag nrho. Nws yog cov qhab nias xeem uas cov kawm tiav pom hauv nws daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev xeem.
Problems
Raws li txoj cai, cov neeg xeem tsis muaj teeb meem thaum lub sijhawm xeem. Ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj leej twg tseem tau tswj kom tshem tawm ntawm kev zoo siab. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev xeem yog nyob ntsiag to thiab unfussy. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem kiag lipaub leej twg invented qhov kev xeem. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj kev paub txog cov ntsiab lus hauv koj lub taub hau, thiab tom qab ntawd tsis muaj kev xeem yuav txaus ntshai!
Feem ntau, cov koom haum kev xeem muaj teeb meem. Txhua xyoo muaj cov lus teb rau hauv Internet. Muaj cov xwm txheej thaum lawv tau tshaj tawm hauv social network. Tau ntau xyoo, kev tswj hwm ntawm VKontakte lub vev xaib nrov tau koom tes nrog Rosobrnadzor. Tam sim no VK tab tom saib xyuas. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg raug thaiv thaum muab faib.
Tam sim no koj paub lub npe ntawm tus nom uas qhia qhov kev xeem. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog deb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov tsev kawm tiav qib siab xav tau. Kawm thiab npaj lub sijhawm kom ua tiav cov kev xeem tom ntej!
