Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm niaj hnub St. Petersburg slang thiab qib ntawm nws cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov lus sib tham ntawm cov lus Lavxias yog me ntsis exaggerated. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, lub hwj chim yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab cov inhabitants ntawm St. Petersburg tau teem lub suab rau lub lag luam thiab cov ntaub ntawv tus qauv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Tam sim no, tej zaum, muaj ntxoov ntxoo …
Cia peb pib nrog kev qhia me ntsis: tsab xov xwm siv Petersburg version ntawm lo lus "Petersburg". Hauv Moscow lawv hais tias "Petersburg".
Thiab tsis yog lus hais…
Qhov kev txiav txim zoo li no tau ua los ntawm cov kws paub lus thiab cov kws paub lus hais txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus Lavxias ntawm Petersburgers.
Qhov kev hais lus sib txawv ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Moscow thiab St. Petersburg tau tsim muaj keeb kwm thiab tshwm sim. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev paub lus Askiv, nws tau hais nyob rau hauv ntau intonations, lus thiab orthoepic divergence (ntxiv rau hauv qab no).
Txawm hais tias muaj cov ntsiab lus loj hauv kev piav qhia qhov tsis sib xws, Moscow thiab St. Petersburg variants ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus haum zoo rau cov lus qauv. Lawv nkag siab rau txhua tus neeg hais lus Lavxias.
As forPetersburg linguistic nta, ces qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv thiab cov normative Lavxias teb sab lus tsis zoo li ntawd. Ib phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm St. Petersburg slang tsis txaus los hu cov lus no ib hom lus. Zoo li Moscow, los ntawm txoj kev.
Tab sis nws txaus los daws nws thiab nkag siab txog keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Vim hais tias cov lus Lavxias, thiab nrog nws cov lus St. Petersburg, hloov tas li.
Orthoepic Moscow-Petersburg qhov sib txawv
Ua ntej koj yuav tsum nkag siab lo lus zoo nkauj "orthoepy". Cov no yog cov cai uas tuaj rau hauv cov lus sau los ntawm qhov ncauj hais lus. Qhov sib txawv ntawm Moscow-Petersburg feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv orthoepy, cov no yog nruab nrab orthoepic sib txawv. Feem ntau, kev ntxhov siab hauv cov lus sib txawv. Lub suab kuj txawv.
Linguistic cov peev txheej muaj ntau cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov lus tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus xaus lossis cov lus tsis txaus siab, uas ib tus tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov neeg Petersburgers lossis Muscovites ntawm cov neeg laus. Feem ntau, cov yam ntxwv no tau raug tshem tawm thiab tsis nyob hauv kev ncig ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv ob lub nroog. Yog lawm, thiab qhov no yog nrog los ntawm kev tshwj tseg uas "chorinky" tsis yog "dub" lossis "lub tsev hais plaub" es tsis yog "ntawm no" tsuas yog hnov los ntawm lub pob ntseg rhiab hauv kev hais lus ntawm cov neeg laus, yog tias tsuas yog koj muaj hmoo heev.
Tsis yog tsab ntawv Lavxias "e"
Nws txawv nrog tsab ntawv "e", uas tau dhau los ua tus neeg koom tes tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej nthuav dav tshaj plaws. Lub luag haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm tsab ntawv no tsis yog Lavxias yog sawv hauv cov lus qiv, txhua yam Anglicisms thiab Germanisms. Kev siv tsab ntawv "e" hauv kev hais lus hauv qhov ncauj ua rau qhov kev hais lus no ntau "hloov txawv teb chaws", uas txhais tau hais tias ib zaugcov xwm txheej siab thiab lub nroog chic.
Laus Petersburgers nyiam khav "cream" lossis "plywood" es tsis txhob qab zib thiab plywood hauv Lavxias. Ntawm no lawv yog thawj coj.
Ib qho ntawm cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias yog nws lub peev xwm los sai sai Russify cov lus txawv teb chaws. Yog li ntawd, sai li sai tau raws li Conservative Muscovites tau siv rau "pioneers" thiab "rails", Russification reshaped lub niaj hnub hais lus mus rau hauv pioneers, rails, overcoats, tsev cia puav pheej, thiab lwm yam "e" nyob rau hauv lub pronunciation pib hais lus tsis yog kev vam meej, tab sis. laus laus.
History of Petersburg linguistic nuances
Nws yuav txawv yog tias tsis muaj cov nuances. St. Petersburg yog ib lub nroog uas ntog sab nraum tej kev cai thiab stereotypes. Tus yam ntxwv, lub sij hawm thiab ceev ntawm nws yug los piav txog txhua yam. Lub architecture ntawm St. Petersburg tuaj yeem yooj yim los ua ib qho kev pab cuam rau kev kawm cov qauv hauv kev kos duab thiab thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim kho.
Cov pej xeem hauv nroog St. Petersburg los ntawm ntau lub sijhawm kuj yog ib qho chaw zoo rau txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb, suav nrog cov lus teeb meem. Qhov tseeb yog tias Petersburgers tau ntev lawm "tsis yog Lavxias teb sab" thiab tsis yog tib neeg pej xeem.
Cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv nroog tau tsim los ntawm cov thawj coj thiab cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm txawv teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam Lavxias. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg:
- hoob kawm;
- tub ceev xwm;
- muas;
- Petersburg Germans.
Language diversity
Txhua yam no muaj yeeb yuj heevcov pej xeem txaus siab rau txoj haujlwm loj hlob, thiab ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau qhov no yog kev paub txog lus Lavxias. Kev hais lus thiab kev sau ntawv tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm kev kawm siab thiab kev kawm.
Leej twg thiab qhov twg kawm Lavxias? Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, nrog rau tag nrho cov ntau haiv neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, nyiam yog tseem muab rau lub Moscow version. Lomonosov kuj tau sau nyob rau hauv nws nto moo "Lavxias teb chaws Grammar":
Cov lus Moscow tsis yog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog lub nroog, tab sis rau nws txoj kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj nws yog qhov nyiam los ntawm lwm tus.
Tab sis qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hais lus thiab qhov tau nyeem los ntawm kev sau ntawv yog qhov loj. Ob tug qauv lus Lavxias tau tsim: hais thiab sau.
Tsim cov lus ntawm Petersburgers
Muaj, tau kawg, muaj kev ntseeg ntau dua hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm cov lus. Tab sis cov ntawv tseeb los yog hom epistolary nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tseem nyob rau hauv nws cov me nyuam mos thaum lub sij hawm ntawd. Feem ntau ntau yam ntaub ntawv tau sau: los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, cov neeg ua haujlwm hloov pauv tau mus txog qhov loj me.
Vim li ntawd, cov lus hais ntawm Petersburgers pib gravitate mus rau cov ntawv sau. Kuv xav hais tias "kev sau ntawv", tab sis tsis yog, nws yog lus sau thiab lus Lavxias ntau dua.
Kev hais lus meej ntawm cov ntawv tau tshwm sim, kev hais lus ntawm qhov ncauj feem ntau nyob ntawm kev sau ntawv. Qhov sib txawv nrog cov lus hauv Moscow tau dhau los ua pom tau. Muscovites tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau dua, lawv nyuaj rau kev lees txais kev hloov pauv sai thiab hloov pauv. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov lus, muaj ntau yam archaisms tiag tiag uas tau ploj mus ntev los ntawm cov lus ntawm Petersburgers. Yog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, piv txwv li, lawv siv lo lus "vim li cas", ces cov nom tswv Moscow muaj "vim li cas" ntev.
Teb Chaws Ua Haujlwm
Muaj nplooj ntawv tu siab hauv keeb kwm ntawm St. Petersburg slang. Lawv txuas nrog lub legendary clerical distortions ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws tag nrho pib nrog Petersburg kev coj ua hauv kev sib tham.
Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raug cai muaj nws tus kheej txoj cai thiab peculiarities. Qhov no yeej ib txwm muaj teeb meem nrog txhua yam lus, tsis tsuas yog Lavxias teb sab. Tab sis thaum cov yam ntxwv no txuas mus rau niaj hnub thiab kev hais lus, nws ua rau tu siab. Yog li ntawd, tus neeg ua haujlwm tau koom nrog cov lus Lavxias. Petersburgers, thiab tom qab ntawd txhua tus neeg, tau hnov qab yuav ua li cas hais lus nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg hom lus. Qhov no tau tshwm sim tshwj xeeb hauv lub sijhawm Soviet.
Tus neeg ua haujlwm yog neeg tuag taus ntawm cov lus qhia: tsis yog "pab", "pab" yog siv. Vim tias qhov kev ntshai no, muaj qhov tsis muaj qhov kawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov genitive. Cov kev hloov pauv tau hloov pauv los ntawm cov uas tsis muaj zog…
"Tam sim no, muaj kev tsis txaus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm qhia" - zoo li nws tsis zoo li St. Petersburg. Tab sis nws tag nrho pib muaj. St. Petersburg slang…
Khabarik, curb thiab qaib
Txoj kev txwv (txuas ciam teb) tuaj yeem hu ua tus yeej yeej hauv St. Petersburg cov lus, txhua tus paub txog nws. Nyiaj thiab tooj liab tau muab faib los ntawm kev muaj koob meej rau hauv khabariki (luam yeeb taub), kura (nqaij qaib) thiab batlon (turtleneck). Kev muaj koob meej ntawm no yog qhia tsis yog qhov zaus ntawm kev siv jargon hauv kev hais lus txhua hnub, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov zaus ntawm lawv cov lus hais ua piv txwv hauv ntau cov ntawv txhais lus ntawm St. Petersburg slang.
"Petersburg cov lus uas koj yuav tsis hnov los ntawm Muscovites" - kwv yees li ntawm tus ntsuj plig no, phau ntawv txhais lus thiab cov npe pib hauv qhov chaw hais txog Peter cov lus. Tsis muaj ntau tshaj nees nkaum ntawm cov "lo lus", muaj ib txwm "bun" (baton), "pem hauv ntej qhov rooj" (entrance), "kho" (kiosk), thiab lwm yam. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem hu ua nquag siv. Cov no yog cov lus hauv tsev tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub neej. Nrhiav tag nrho cov kev xaiv tsis yog nyuaj, ntau tau sau txog St. Petersburg slang.
Tab sis muaj ib "tab sis". Cov lus ib txwm siv ntawm St. Petersburg slang yog dhau los ua ntej peb ob lub qhov muag. Cov lus los ntawm nws tsis tuaj yeem hnov tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm Muscovites. Los ntawm cov neeg nyob niaj hnub no St. Petersburg, koj kuj tsis tshua hnov lawv.
Aprashka, Tavrik, Kulek thiab Mukha: St. Petersburg microtoponymy
Tej yam txawv heev nrog St. Petersburg "geographical" lus dab neeg. Tau kawg, cov npe hauv zos ntawm keeb kwm kev pom thiab architectural masterpieces yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm St. Petersburg slang.
Muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias tsis muaj leej twg muaj cai muab lub npe hu ua derogatory rau St. Petersburg monuments, squares thiab tsev. Tab sis lub zog ntawm cov lus dab neeg hauv nroog yog tias "Katka" yog lub monument nto moo rau Catherine II ntawm Ostrovsky Square, thiab tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem hloov qhov no. Tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus humiliating hauv "Katka" txhua. Qhov no yog kev khav theeb, kev hlub thiab kev lom zem ntawm St. Petersburg. Petersburgers muaj txhua txoj cai los qhia lawv tus cwj pwm rau cov monuments, thiab rau cov uas lawv hwm lawv tau tsa.
Tab sis "Aprashka" ci ntsa iab txheeb xyuas lub vaj Apraksin tam sim no. Tias nws siv los ua neeg hwmkhw center. Tam sim no nws yog kev lag luam rau cov neeg siv khoom pheej yig - Aprashka. Muaj tseeb thiab poignant.
Lub Vaj Laus Tauride tau txais txiaj ntsig rau tus hlub "Tavrika". Cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv nroog thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv tseem ua tau zoo nrog kev lom zem thiab kev hlub los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv. Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Culture thiab Arts tau los ua "Kulk", Vera Mukhina Art Academy - tsuas yog "Yav". Cov npe ntawm thaj chaw ntawm St. Petersburg tseem muaj sia nyob thiab zoo heev.
Qhov twg nrhiav St. Petersburg lus dab neeg
Qhov no yog ib qho zoo kawg nkaus sau los ntawm N. Sindalovsky hu ua Cov Lus Txhais ntawm Petersburger. Lexicon ntawm Northern Capital. Nws yog, kab tias, qhov sau ua tiav ntawm St. Petersburg slang thiab kab lus, cov lus thiab cov npe yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus Lavxias hauv kev ua yeeb yam hauv nroog.
Txhua "Tavrikas" tau sau rau hauv ib qho chaw nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv. Phau ntawv txhais lus muaj cov phau ntawv txhais lus tiag tiag. Lub ntsiab lus zoo kawg nkaus "folklore units" tau nthuav tawm tag nrho hauv phau ntawv txhais lus: koj yuav pom aphorisms, cov tub ntxhais kawm teases, cov lus hais, cov lus thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm nrog graffiti. Koj yuav pom tag nrho cov lus zoo ntawm St. Petersburg ntawm lub sijhawm qub thiab tshiab.
"Language gems amaze with their brilliance and life-giving spirit" - ib kab lus los ntawm phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Petersburger. Muaj tseeb tiag.
Cov hluas nkauj St. Petersburg yog dab tsi?
Cov lus slang no tsis muaj nyob hauv qhov, nws yog lus dab neeg. Muaj ib tug hluas Tab sis tsis muaj St. Petersburg tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho zoo rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Lavxias teb sab tshaj plaws hauv ob lub nroog - Moscow thiab St. Petersburg. Lub xeev no yog qhov muaj laj thawj thiab muaj keeb kwm piav qhia.
Peb twb pom lawm hais tias qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus "nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg" tau tsim ib lub sij hawm ntev dhau los, vim lub peculiarities ntawm lub sociological strata ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Tam sim no cov yam ntxwv no tsis muaj nyob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Cov hluas nkauj niaj hnub yog qhov muaj zog ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nws yog qhov tshwm sim zoo kawg nkaus hauv kev hais lus niaj hnub no. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib qho kev hais lus hluas hauv St. Nws yog ib qho rau tag nrho cov-Lavxias teb sab, nrog ob lub megacities ua: Moscow thiab St. Petersburg.
Cov lus Lavxias niaj hnub thiab Petersburg cuam tshuam
Yog tias ib tug neeg pib paub tseeb tias nws yuav qhia tus Petersburger tiag tiag los ntawm nws cov lus, tsis txhob ntseeg nws. Cov duab ntawm ib tug niaj hnub neeg nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tau dhau los ua multifaceted, nws integrates ntau txheej ntawm cov qhua, cov laus-timers thiab migrants los ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm lub qub USSR. Qhov kawg, los ntawm txoj kev, tab tom ua kom muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau kev tsim cov qauv lus tshiab, qhov no yog lwm qhov nthuav tawm kev coj noj coj ua.
Tus neeg nyob nruab nrab ntawm Moscow thiab St. Petersburg tsis hais "blush". Lub curb nrog ib tug batlon yog tseem khaws cia nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub St. Ib tug zoo-nature monument raug tsa mus rau curb.
Yog tias koj tau hais cov dab neeg hais txog kev sib cav sib cav txog cov lus qhia thiab lub npe tseeb ntawm Moscow shawarma thiab St. Petersburg shawarma, tsis txhob ntseeg nws thiab. Shawarma hauv Moscow, Shawarma hauv St. Tsis muaj intrigue lossis romance. Hnub no St. Petersburg slang tsis txawv ntawm Moscow, thov txim.
hais tiastsis muaj dab tsi sab laug ntawm St. Petersburg nuances nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus, nws kuj yuav tsis raug. Tej zaum nws yuav yog qhov tseeb dua los hu qhov slang no ntxoov ntxoo. Uas yog qhov txawv los ntawm qib siab ntawm kev nyeem ntawv thiab cov laj thawj ntawm kev tsim cov kab lus.
Summary, or the Great Linguistic Globalization
Muscovites thiab Petersburgers txuas ntxiv teeb tsa lub suab hauv kev tsim cov qauv tshiab ntawm cov lus Lavxias niaj hnub no. Qhov no siv ob qho tib si rau cov hluas slang thiab tshiab, piv txwv li, terminology rau revolutionary technological breakthroughs.
Cov lus ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Moscow-Petersburg siab heev yog qhov tshwm sim nthuav. Tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem hu ua St. Petersburg xwb. Nws yog qhov nkag siab: keeb kwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua txuas ntxiv mus, cov txheej txheem no yeej tsis nres.
Tib neeg tau dhau los ua lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Kev sib txuas lus muab txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev sib txuas lus. Cov ntawv hloov pauv, txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias tau hloov kho. Thiab qhov ntawd yog xov xwm zoo rau cov lus Lavxias, suav nrog nws qhov "Petersburg flair."
St. Petersburg yuav ciaj sia qhov kev poob ntawm nws cov lus tshwj xeeb, qhov no yog lub nroog zoo li no. Nws tsis tuav uniqueness. Keeb kwm hloov ib yam. Txhua yam yog nyob ntawm nws txoj kev.
