Nco cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo los ntawm Luc Besson "Lub Fifth Element"? Thaum pib ntawm zaj duab xis, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm lub futuristic laboratory tau rov tsim dua ib tug tib neeg lub cev los ntawm cov cell khaws cia. Tom qab kho cov pob txha thiab cov leeg, tus kws tshawb fawb hais tias:
Theem kawg. Irradiation ntawm cov hlwb nrog lub teeb ultraviolet txhawb kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev, uas yog, daim tawv nqaij tsim.
Txawm hais tias zaj yeeb yaj kiab yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsis tseeb, tus kws tshawb fawb tsis tau dag, thiab cov kws sau ntawv tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb no. Yog li dab tsi ua haujlwm ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua haujlwm thiab nws tus nqi rau tib neeg lub cev yog dab tsi? Cia peb kawm.
Daim tawv nqaij yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm evolution
Yog li, cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab feem ntau nws lub xub ntiag yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau lab xyoo ntawm kev hloov pauv. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hom tshiab thiab cov pejxeem, cov npog tau hloov pauv, txhim kho thiab hloov mus rau qhov chaw nyob tshiab thiab ib puag ncig. Raws li txoj kev xav ntawm evolution, txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas peb muaj niaj hnub no coj qhov chaw raws li nram no:
- tsuas yog invertebrates nyob hauv hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv: daim txhuam cev thiab jellyfish nrog ib txheej txheej plhaub (cover);
- thawj cov kab mob marine uas hloov zuj zus los ntawm daim txhuam cev thiab jellyfish tau txais ob txheej txheej thiab muaj peev xwm tsim cov hnoos qeev;
- thawj tsaws vertebrates nce lwm txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas tsim cov proteins keratin;
- Keratin proteins tau hloov mus rau hauv ib txheej insulating, uas tshwm raws li daim tawv nqaij.
Vertebrates nyob rau hauv av tau raug ultraviolet rays (lub hnub), uas ua lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub evolutionary txheej txheem ntawm cov tsos ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nov yog qhov ua movie siv tau.
Kev tsim kho
Daim tawv nqaij, zoo li lwm yam kabmob, yog qhov nyuaj heev: cov ntawv tshawb fawb tau sau rau ntawm cov ncauj lus no rau ntau nplooj ntawv. Yog li ntawd, cia peb sim ua kom paub nws yam tsis muaj qhov subtleties ntawm cov ncauj lus tshawb fawb, hauv cov lus yooj yim thiab nkag siab rau txhua tus.
Daim tawv nqaij muaj peb txheej: epidermis (sab sauv), dermis (nruab nrab) thiab hypodermis (qis dua).
Lub hypodermis yog txheej rog, lossis, hais lus ntxhib, rog. Qhov no yog qhov twg tag nrho cov tuav thiab waffles peb noj lig hmo tau khaws cia. Lub thickness ntawm lub hypodermis txawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam (nyob ntawm seb ib feem ntawm lub cev) 0.2-6 cm, rog rog nce cov nuj nqis los ntawm 2-3 zaug. Lub hypodermis ua ntau yam zoo hauv lub cev, thiab nws qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov poj niam. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg adipose yog kev tswj hwm qib ntawm cov tshuaj hormones poj niam txiv neej thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev los ntawm bruises.
Derma - qhov no yog qhov peb txhais los ntawm daim tawv nqaij nws tus kheej. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub dermis yuav siv sij hawm feem ntau ntawm cov as-ham nruab nrab thiab qhov tsim nyog noo noo los ntawm fatty ntaub so ntswg thiabntshav, uas txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv kev nrhiav cov hluas, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum noj txoj cai, thiab tsis yuav ib tug kim cream. Lub dermis yog tsim los ntawm collagen, elastin thiab proteoglycan. Thawj muab cov tawv nqaij elasticity, qhov thib ob - elasticity, qhov thib peb khaws cov dej.
Thiab thaum kawg, txheej saum toj kawg nkaus - epidermis, sawv cev los ntawm ob peb txheej ntawm cov hlwb xwb. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub epidermis yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov epidermis thiab cov dermis muaj ib lub hauv paus membrane, uas tswj cov txheej txheem pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv ntxiv.
Epidermal Appendages
Txheej sab saum toj ntawm daim tawv nqaij (epidermis) yog ntxiv nrog cov appendages:
- Cov qog hws pom meej ua hws. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv axillary thiab puab tais, nrog rau ntawm lub ntsej muag, xib teg, ko taw.
- Cov qog sebaceous tau muab rau tus neeg mob xws li pob txuv. Tab sis sebum yog tsim rau vim li cas: nws softens ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug fatty lubricant rau cov plaub hau. Vim li no, cov qog sebaceous nyob ib sab ntawm cov hauv paus plaub hau.
- Cov plaub hau yog nyob rau tag nrho saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tshwj tsis yog cov xib teg, ko taw, daim tawv muag, daim di ncauj thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw mos. Cov plaub hau ntawm lub taub hau tiv thaiv peb ntawm sunstroke los yog, conversely, los ntawm frostbite. Tab sis cov plaub hau vellus yog vestige thiab tsis ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau tus neeg niaj hnub no.
- Nails yog cov ntaub so ntswg horny tiv thaiv los ntawm cuticles los ntawm kev kis kab mob. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov rau tes yog los tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha xaus nyob rau hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg phalanges ntawm tus ntiv tes.
Lub peev xwm ntawm cov epidermis rov tsim dua
daim tawv nqaij rov tsim dua tshiab (hloov dua tshiab) ib ncig ntawm lub moos. Qhov no ua tau ua tsaug rau keratinocytes - cov hlwb uas muaj 80% ntawm collagen. Keratinocytes pib nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub epidermis thiab nyob rau hauv 2-4 lub lis piam mus txog rau lub Upper txheej ntawm keratinized hlwb, thiab ces tuag tawm. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tsim nyog tsis yog rau kev rov ua dua tshiab tas li, tab sis kuj tseem ua kom lub siab zoo ntawm cov epidermis vim nws txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv.
daim tawv nqaij rov tsim dua yog ob hom:
- physiological - cov txheej txheem ntuj tsim dua tshiab ntawm cov hlwb epidermal;
- reparative - txheej txheem ntawm kev kho raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Slow down regeneration processes
Nrog txhua xyoo ntawm lub neej, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov hlwb epidermal qeeb, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thawj zaug ntawm kev laus - wrinkles. Nws feem ntau lees paub tias qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev laus ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog nws cov ntshav tsis txaus, ua rau cov khoom noj tsis txaus thiab ua rau cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv cov hlwb qeeb. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 25 xyoos, lub cev pib hloov pauv cov ntshav tshiab mus rau cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev, uas yog vim li cas tom qab 15-25 xyoo tom ntej no, kev siv ntawm daim tawv nqaij saturation nrog cov as-ham maj mam, tab sis muaj tseeb poob. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv ib tug nees nkaum-xyoo-laus tus neeg mob epidermis rov qab nyob rau hauv 14-28 hnub, ces nyob rau hauv ib tug plaub caug-xyoo-laus - nyob rau hauv ob lub hlis.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg daim tawv nqaij
Xav txog tus txiv neej tsis muaj tawv nqaij. Qhov kev pheej hmoo yog dab tsi thiab dab tsi tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim? Tam sim ntawd los rau hauv siabpathogenic cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig. Thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb tiag! Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tib neeg daim tawv nqaij ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv, uas yog, nws muab ib hom kev thaiv los ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic thiab tsis zoo ib puag ncig. Nws kuj tseem tiv thaiv cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev los ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab nqaij tawv, uas tau lees paub los ntawm qhov muag thiab kev txav ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg rog.
Ntxiv cov tawv nqaij nta:
- cleansing - tshem tawm cov teeb meem metabolic ntawm lub cev los ntawm kev tawm hws;
- thermoregulatory - tswj qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub cev los ntawm kev tswj cov hws hnyav thiab hloov cov ntshav khiav ceev;
- gas pauv - absorbs oxygen thiab tso carbon dioxide.
Kov yog peb lub peev xwm los cuam tshuam nrog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig peb los ntawm kev hnov qab. Nyob rau txhua millimeter ntawm daim tawv nqaij muaj receptors uas tig lub zog ntawm sab nraud stimuli mus rau hauv lub paj hlwb impulse. Qhov no txhais tau tias lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij - receptor, uas yog sawv cev los ntawm:
- xav kov thiab siab;
- xav txias thiab sov;
- mob siab.
Type of touch:
- nquag - hnov ib yam khoom nrog kev pab los ntawm ib feem ntawm lub cev (tuav lub txiv apple hauv koj txhais tes lossis taug kev taw liab qab ntawm cov nyom);
- passive - involuntary sensation of the object (tus miv nyob ntawm peb lub hauv caug);
- instrumental - lub siab xav ntawm ib yam khoom nrog kev pab ntawm ib tug pab khoom (inherent nyob rau hauv cov neeg dig muag nrog ib tug pas nrig).
Cov ntsiab lus kawg
Yog li, tib neeg daim tawv nqaij yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke (los ntawm cov tsiaj tsis rov qab mus rau tsiaj). Cov tawv nqaij yog tsim los ntawm peb txheej: hypodermis (fatty ntaub so ntswg), dermis (cov tawv nqaij tiag tiag) thiab cov epidermis (kev tiv thaiv saum npoo). Lub epidermis yog ib txheej muaj peev xwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim dua tshiab thiab muaj cov appendages: hws thiab sebaceous qog, rau tes thiab plaub hau. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los hais txog kev tiv thaiv. Ntxiv kev ua haujlwm: roj pauv, ntxuav, tswj qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias daim tawv nqaij yog ib qho kev hnov lus uas ua haujlwm ntawm daim tawv nqaij - ib qho receptor, ua tsaug uas peb tuaj yeem hnov cov khoom, hnov mob thiab kub.
