The Mohs nplai yog 10-point scale tsim los ntawm Carl Friedrich Mohs nyob rau hauv 1812 uas tso cai rau kev sib piv ntawm hardness ntawm minerals. Qhov ntsuas muab qhov zoo, tsis yog qhov ntsuas ntau ntawm qhov hardness ntawm ib lub pob zeb.
History of Creation
Tau tsim cov nplai, Mohs siv 10 cov khoom siv siv cov khoom siv - talc, gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, orthoclase, quartz, topaz, liab corundum thiab pob zeb diamond. Nws npaj cov minerals nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nce hardness, noj raws li ib tug pib taw tes uas ib tug harder ntxhia khawb ib softer. Calcite, piv txwv li, khawb gypsum, thiab fluorite tawm khawb ntawm calcite, thiab tag nrho cov ntxhia no ua rau talc tawg. Yog li cov zaub mov tau txais qhov sib thooj hardness qhov tseem ceeb hauv Mohs nplai: chalk -1, gypsum - 2, calcite - 3, fluorite - 4. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau pom tias cov zaub mov uas nws hardness qis dua 6 yog khawb los ntawm iav, cov uas nws hardness yog. saum 6 khawb iav. Lub hardness ntawm iav ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog kwv yees li 6.5.
Pob zeb nrog lub hardness ntau dua 6 yog txiav nrog pob zeb diamond.
Mohs scaleyog npaj tsuas yog rau ib tug ntxhib kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm hardness ntawm minerals. Qhov taw qhia tseeb dua yog qhov nyuaj kawg.
Qhov chaw ntawm cov zaub mov hauv Mohs nplai
Minerals nyob rau hauv lub teev yog teem nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm hardness. Lub softest muaj ib tug hardness ntawm 1, khawb nrog ib tug ntiv tes, piv txwv li, talc (chalk). Tom ntej no tuaj qee cov ntxhia nyuaj - ulexite, amber, muscovite. Lawv hardness ntawm Mohs nplai yog tsawg - 2. Cov ntxhia mos zoo li no tsis polished, uas txwv tsis pub siv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Cov pob zeb zoo nkauj uas tsis tshua muaj hardness yog ornamental, thiab feem ntau pheej yig. Cov khoom plig feem ntau yog ua los ntawm lawv.
Minerals nrog lub hardness ntawm 3 mus rau 5 yog yooj yim khawb nrog riam. Dav hlau, rhodochrosite, malachite, rhodonite, turquoise, jade feem ntau txiav cabochon, zoo polished (feem ntau yog siv zinc oxide). Cov zaub mov no tsis tiv taus dej.
Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub hnyav, pob zeb diamond, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, topazes thiab garnets, yog ua tiav raws li pob tshab, xim, muaj impurities. Lub hnub qub zoo li rubies lossis sapphires, piv txwv li, raug txiav cabochons los hais txog qhov txawv ntawm pob zeb, pob tshab ntau yam raug txiav hauv ovals, voj voog lossis tee, zoo li pob zeb diamond.
| Mohs hardness | Piv txwv ntawm cov zaub mov |
| 1 | Talc, graphite |
| 2 | Ulexite, muscovite, amber |
| 3 | YBiotite, chrysocolla, jet |
| 4 | Rhodochrosite, fluorite, malachite |
| 5 | Turquoise, rhodonite, lapis lazuli, obsidian |
| 6 | Benitoite, larimar, moonstone, opal, hematite, amazonite, labradorite |
| 7 | Amethyst, garnet, ntau yam tourmaline indicolite, verdelite, rubellite, schorl), morion, agate, aventurine, citrine |
| 8 | Ntsuab corundum (emerald), heliodor, topaz, painite, taaffeite |
| 9 | Red corundum (ruby), xiav corundum (sapphire), leucosapphire |
| 10 | pob zeb diamond |
Gemstones
Txhua cov zaub mov uas muaj hardness tsawg dua 7 yog suav tias yog mos, cov saum 7 yog suav tias nyuaj. Cov ntxhia tawv tuaj yeem txiav nrog pob zeb diamond, ntau yam kev txiav, pob tshab thiab tsis tshua muaj ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau siv hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
Lub hardness ntawm pob zeb diamond ntawm Mohs nplai yog 10. Pob zeb diamond tau ntsib nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas thaum lub sij hawm ua cov poob nyob rau hauv lub loj ntawm lub pob zeb yog tsawg. Lub pob zeb diamond txiav yog hu ua pob zeb diamond. Vim lawv cov hardness siab thiab tsis kam mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, pob zeb diamond yog zoo nyob mus ib txhis.
Lub hardness ntawm ruby thiab sapphire yog me ntsis qis dua qhov hardness ntawm pob zeb diamond thiab yog 9 ntawm Mohs nplai. Tus nqi ntawm cov pob zeb no, nrog rau cov emeralds, nyob ntawm cov xim, pob tshab thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm qhov tsis xws luag - lub pob zeb ntau pob tshab, cov xim ntau dua thiab cov kab nrib pleb tsawg dua, tus nqi siab dua..
Semi-precious pob zeb
Tsawg dua pob zeb diamond thiab corundum, topazes thiab garnets muaj nuj nqis. Lawv hardness ntawm Mohs nplai yog7-8 ntsiab lus. Cov pob zeb no qiv lawv tus kheej zoo rau kev txiav pob zeb diamond. Tus nqi ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov xim. Qhov nplua nuj xim ntawm topaz lossis garnet, qhov khoom kim dua nrog nws yuav raug nqi. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov tsis tshua muaj daj topazes thiab ntshav garnets (majorites). Lub pob zeb kawg yog tsawg heev uas nws yuav muaj nqis tshaj ib pob zeb diamond ntshiab.
Colored tourmalines: liab dawb (rubelite), xiav (indicolite), ntsuab (verdelite), watermelon tourmaline kuj tau muab cais ua ib lub pob zeb zoo nkauj. High-zoo pob tshab tourmalines yog tsawg heev nyob rau hauv cov xwm, uas yog vim li cas lawv tej zaum yuav kim kim tshaj li pyropes thiab xiav topazes, thiab cov neeg sau tsis tau nkees ntawm kev yos hav zoov rau cov pob zeb pob zeb (paj liab-ntsuab). Lub hardness ntawm pob zeb ntawm Mohs nplai yog qhov siab heev thiab yog 7-7.5 ntsiab lus. Cov pob zeb no qiv lawv tus kheej zoo rau polishing, tsis txhob hloov xim, thiab nrhiav ib daim ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub nrog lub pob tshab pob tshab tourmaline yog qhov ua tiav tiag tiag.
Cov dub ntau yam ntawm tourmaline (shorl) belongs rau ornamental pob zeb. Schorl yog lub pob zeb tawv tab sis nkig uas tuaj yeem tawg yooj yim thaum ua. Nws yog vim li no tias dub tourmalines feem ntau muag nyoos. Sherl suav hais tias yog qhov muaj zog tiv thaiv talisman.
Industrial applications
Cov ntxhia thiab pob zeb nrog cov tawv tawv siab tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, lub hardness ntawm granite ntawm Mohs nplai yog los ntawm 5 mus rau 7, nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm mica nyob rau hauv nws. Lub pob zeb nyuaj no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho ua cov khoom tiav.
Colorless sapphires los yog leucosapphires, txawm tias lawv cov hardness siab thiab tsis tshua muaj txheeb ze, tsis yog nyob rau hauv kev thov ntawm jewelers, tab sis yog dav siv nyob rau hauv laser thiab lwm yam kho qhov muag installations.
Kev siv lub ntsuas ntsuas
Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias Mohs hardness nplai tsuas yog muab qhov zoo xwb, tsis yog kev ntsuas ntau, nws tau siv dav hauv geology. Siv cov nplai Mohs, geologists thiab mineralogists tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas lub pob zeb tsis paub raws li nws qhov kev raug rau khawb nrog rab riam lossis iav. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv siv qhia txog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov ntxhia hauv Mohs nplai, thiab tsis yog lawv qhov nyuaj.
Hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, Mohs nplai kuj tau siv dav. Lub hardness ntawm lub pob zeb txiav txim siab txog txoj kev ntawm nws cov txheej txheem, kev xaiv sib tsoo thiab cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau qhov no.
Lwm cov nplais tawv tawv
Lub Mohs nplai tsis yog qhov ntsuas hardness nkaus xwb. Muaj ob peb lwm qhov ntsuas raws li lub peev xwm ntawm cov zaub mov thiab lwm yam khoom siv los tiv thaiv deformation. Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov no yog Rockwell nplai. Txoj kev Rockwell yog qhov yooj yim - nws yog raws li kev ntsuas qhov tob ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm tus ID nkag mus tob rau hauv cov khoom hauv kev kawm. Lub pob zeb diamond taub feem ntau yog siv los ua tus cim. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov ntxhia tsis tshua raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Rockwell txoj kev, nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov hlau thiab alloys.
Short hardness scales yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo sib xws. Txoj kev Shore tso cai rau koj los txiav txim qhov hardness ntawm ob qho tib si hlau thiab ntau elasticcov ntaub ntawv (rubber, yas).
