Muaj ntau lub tsev kawm txuj ci kos duab hauv tebchaws Russia, uas muaj npe nrov tsis yog rau lawv txoj haujlwm kev cob qhia muaj zog, tab sis kuj yog rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv ntau yam kev kos duab. Txhua xyoo, ntau txhiab tus neeg nkag mus rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm kos duab.
St. Petersburg Institute. Repin
Lub npe tag nrho ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no yog Art State Academic Institute of Painting, Sculpture thiab Architecture muaj npe tom qab I. E. Repin ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam. Nov yog ib lub tsev kawm txuj ci qub tshaj plaws hauv St. Petersburg thiab Russia tag nrho.
Lub tswv yim los tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo li no tau koom nrog Tsar Peter the Great. Nws thiaj li tshwm sim tias tsuas yog ib xyoos ua ntej nws tuag, nws tau kos npe rau tsab cai lij choj ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas txhua tus neeg yuav nkag siab txog ntau yam kev tshawb fawb. Hmoov tsis zoo, tom qab kev tuag ntawm tsar, lub tsev kawm ntawv yeej tsis tau tsim, txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm kav Elizabeth Petrovna, nws cov ntxhais, tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo thiab tus kws qhia ntawv Mikhail Lomonosov, ua ke nrog cov neeg nyiam ntawm tus huab tais suav Shuvalov, tau ua tib lub tswv yim. Thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv tau qhib rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 6, 1757.
Rov qab mus rau chav kawmTsis pom lub tsev tsim nyog rau lub tsev kawm ntawv, yog li Count Shuvalov muab nws lub tsev rau Sadovaya rau nws cov kev xav tau. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tsim kho sai heev. Cov kws qhia ntawv thiab pej xeem cov duab los ntawm Fabkis thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees raug caw tuaj ntawm no. Xyoo 1764, kev tsim kho pib ntawm lub tsev tshwj xeeb ntawm Vasilevsky Island, tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev kawm.
Kev qhia tau ua nyob rau hauv plaub qhov chaw: painting, architecture, zam tsim thiab duab puab. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm nrog cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm European kos duab, uas lub sijhawm ntawd tau nce siab.
Qhov tseeb nthuav hauv keeb kwm ntawm ib lub tsev kawm txuj ci zoo tshaj plaws yog cov hauv qab no. Sij hawm dhau mus, ua raws li cov qauv ntawm kev kos duab thiab duab puab tau dhau los ua qhov qub, thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau txais txiaj ntsig kub tau thov rau pawg kws kos duab kom hloov pauv rau qhov kev zov me nyuam thiab tso cai rau lawv los tsim cov ncauj lus pub dawb thaum lub sijhawm xeem. Pawg sab laj tsis kam. Tom qab ntawd cov tub ntxhais kawm, uas muaj 14 tus neeg, tag nrho ua ke tau sawv thiab tawm tsam kev kawm. Qhov xwm txheej no hu ua "kev tawm tsam ntawm kaum plaub". Tom qab ntawd, cov tub ntxhais kawm no tau tsim lawv tus kheej "Lub Zej Zog ntawm Wanderers".
Academy lawv. A. L. Stieglitz
Rov qab xyoo 1876, Tsar Alexander II tau tshaj tawm tsab cai ntawm kev tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab. Nws tau raug hu ua Central School of Technical Drawing, tau teeb tsa los ntawm tus neeg siv nyiaj txiag A. L. Stieglitz. Tom qab nws tuag, tus banker bequeathed tag nrho cov paj laum los ntawm nws cov nyiaj ntsuab account los siv rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug.los ntawm cov tsev kawm txuj ci zoo tshaj plaws hauv St. Painting, woodcarving, chasing, painting on porcelain, majolica tau qhia ntawm no. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tau nrov heev ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm Latvian. Thaum lub sijhawm nws nyob, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tsim ntau tus kws tshaj lij uas tau los ua tus tsim ntawm Latvian xeev.
High School of Folk Arts
Art universities nyob rau hauv Russia muaj ib tug dav profile orientation. Ntawm lawv stands lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm kos duab, uas yog suav hais tias yog ib tug academy. Lub tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem no tsim cov kws tshaj lij hauv chav kawm txuj ci thiab khoom siv tes ua.
Tus tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yog Empress Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova, uas yog lub npe hu rau nws txoj haujlwm pub dawb. Nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj coj, lub "Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Crafts" tau tsim, uas nyob rau hauv 1912 tau renamed lub "Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Folk Art". Tsuas yog cov ntxhais uas tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm tiav los ntawm ib lub tsev kawm txuj ci zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia thiab lawv yog cov kws tshaj lij craftswomen hauv kev ua yeeb yam thiab khoom siv tes ua kawm hauv tsev kawm.
St. Petersburg Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam thiab Kev Txhim Kho
Lub tsev kawm ntawv no cob qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv peb thaj chaw tseem ceeb: kev kho dua tshiab, keeb kwm kos duab thiab kev kawm kab lis kev cai. Lub koom haum yog lub xeev. Tsis zoo li ntau lub tsev kawm txuj ci kos duab hauv St. Petersburg, muaj peb hom kev kawm - puv sijhawm, ib nrab hnub thiab ib nrab hnub. Lub tsev kawm ntawv muajib lub hauv paus zoo thiab kev txawj ntse, thiab cov kws qhia ntawv thiab pawg sab laj kos duab yeej ib txwm npaj los pab cov tub ntxhais kawm paub txog kev paub.
Institute them. V. Surikova
Nrog rau cov tsev kawm txuj ci kos duab ntawm St. Petersburg, Moscow cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm hom ntawv no tsis muaj zog thiab muaj cai. Piv txwv li, Moscow State Art Academic Institute. V. Surikov. Tsib faculties muaj nuj nqi ntawm no:
- kev xav thiab keeb kwm;
- architecture;
- painting;
- sculptures;
- charts.
Hnub tsim yog suav tias yog xyoo 1939, thaum Igor Grabar, tus kws kos duab nto moo, tau sau los ntawm nws tus tswv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov khoom siv tes ua. Lub koom haum tau txais qhov Order of Red Banner hauv 1957, thiab tseem tuav lub cim ntawm ib lub tsev kawm txuj ci zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj txoj sia nyob ntawm Great Patriotic War. Lub sijhawm no, ib feem ntawm cov nyiaj tau khiav tawm mus rau Samarkand.
Academy lawv. S. G. Stroganova
Hauv xyoo 1825, suav S. Stroganov tau teeb tsa lub tsev kawm ntawv hu ua "Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kos duab rau kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua." Qhov no tau hais los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub ntiaj teb hloov pauv sai sai yuav tsum muaj cov kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Txij thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tsim, Stroganov nws tus kheej tau ceev faj saib xyuas kev kawm zoo, caw cov kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov nyiaj kos duab tau ntxiv nrog ntau yam ntaub ntawv kawm uas pab cov tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm nrog xwm, tsis yogmus dhau academy.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, peb lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tshwm sim hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv: kev kos duab, sab hauv thiab kho kom zoo nkauj, monumental-decorative thiab siv kos duab. Lub magistracy tshwm sim, qhov twg tsis yog tsuas yog kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj cov neeg uas kawm ntawm lwm lub tsev kawm ntawv txhawm rau txhim kho lawv cov kev tsim nyog, tuaj yeem nkag mus. Xyoo 2015, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau ua kev zoo siab rau nws 190th hnub tseem ceeb thiab tab tom npaj rau nws 200th.
Specialized Academy of Arts
Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Lavxias yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov dav dav ntawm cov kws paub tshwj xeeb. Tsis yog tsuas yog cov kws kos duab thiab cov duab kos duab tawm ntawm nws cov phab ntsa, tab sis kuj ua yeeb yam, ua yeeb yaj kiab, thiab ntaus nkauj. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no yog lub tsev kawm ntawv them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj kev tsis taus.
Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv tau tsim tsa thawj xyoo 1991 thiab yog thawj ceg ntawm Lub Chaw Pabcuam Kev Tsim Kho Kev Kho Mob ntawm Cov Neeg Tsis Taus. Nws tau hloov npe mus rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv 2004, thiab twb nyob rau hauv 2014 nws tau hloov mus rau hauv lub xeev academy. Lawv qhia painting, easel thiab monumental, graphics, thiab tsim. Kuj tseem muaj lub tuam tsev suab paj nruag, uas cob qhia cov neeg hu nkauj, ua yeeb yam thiab cov kws tsim suab paj nruag. Lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj cov kws qhia ntawv zoo heev.
