Pib pib txij qib xya, cov tsev kawm ntawv pib qhia cov ncauj lus xws li "Mechanical vibrations". Pib los ntawm OGE thiab xaus nrog Unified State Examination, cov ncauj lus no tuaj yeem taug qab hauv ntau qhov kev xeem thiab kev xeem nkag. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm nws yog kev kawm txog lub tswv yim ntawm amplitude ntawm oscillations. Yog li ntawd, pib nrog, cia peb paub txog dab tsi lub amplitude ntawm oscillations yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas lub amplitude ntawm oscillations yog denoted nyob rau hauv physics, vim hais tias dhau sij hawm ib tug ntau tsis nco qab lawm, thiab rau ib co yog vim li cas qhov kev hloov no yog muab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Dab tsi yog qhov oscillation amplitude?
Qhov amplitude ntawm kev hloov pauv yog qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov sib txawv lossis hloov ntawm tus nqi nce lossis nqis los ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm txoj haujlwm lossis los ntawm tus nqi nruab nrab. Piv txwv li, rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav pendulum, qhov sib npaug ntawm txoj haujlwm yog ib qho chaw thau khoom ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab thaum nws pib txav mus, nws tau txais qee qhov amplitude, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov nro lossis compression ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Rau cov lej pendulum nws yog qhov yooj yim me ntsis - qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw seem - qhov no yog qhov amplitude ntawm oscillations.
Bthaum lub amplitude ntawm lub oscillations ntawm xov tooj cua tsis yog xam precisely los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi nruab nrab.
Tam sim no cia peb mus rau qhov tsab ntawv twg hais txog qhov amplitude ntawm oscillations.
Kev tsim qauv
Nyob rau qib xya, cov me nyuam raug qhia kom xaiv lub amplitude ntawm oscillations nrog ib tsab ntawv yooj yim "A". Piv txwv li: A=4 cm, uas yog, lub amplitude yog plaub centimeters.
Tab sis twb nyob rau qib yim, cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm xws li kev ua haujlwm tshuab, thiab nws yog tus uas tau sau los ntawm tsab ntawv "A" hauv physics. Cov tub ntxhais kawm pib tsis meej pem hauv cov txiaj ntsig no, thiab los ntawm qib 10-11 lawv tsis muaj lub tswv yim meej ntawm qhov amplitude ntawm oscillations tau qhia hauv physics.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lej pendulums, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los sau qhov amplitude nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws. Ntawd yog Xmax. txhais tau hais tias qhov siab tshaj qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj hauj lwm sib npaug. Piv txwv li, Хmax.=10 cm, uas yog, lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, raws li ib qho kev xaiv, yuav ncab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 10 cm. Qhov no yuav yog lub amplitude ntawm oscillation.
Nyob rau qib 11, cov kawm tiav kawm electromagnetic oscillations. Thiab muaj qhov hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi, qhov hluav taws xob thiab lub zog tam sim no. Yuav kom sau qhov voltage amplitude, nws yog kev cai los xaiv nws raws li tus nqi siab tshaj plaws. Rau nqi thiab lwm qhov ntau, raws.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj nrhiav tau qhov amplitude ntawm kev hloov pauv?
Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm kev nrhiav qhov amplitude, ib daim duab nthuav tawm, zoo ib yam li qhov pom hauv daim duab saum toj no. Hauv qhov no, qhov amplitude yuav yog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws raws li Y-axis ntsug.
Piv txwv li, ntawm noDaim duab qhia ib daim duab ntawm cov oscillations ntawm ib tug lej pendulum.
Kev paub tias qhov amplitude ntawm qhov oscillation ntawm kev ua lej pendulum yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov sib npaug, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm X=0.3 cm.
Nrhiav qhov amplitude siv kev suav hauv cov hauv qab no:
1. Yog hais tias lub load ua harmonic oscillations thiab txoj kev uas lub cev dhau mus thiab tus naj npawb ntawm oscillations paub nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem, ces lub amplitude yog pom raws li qhov ratio ntawm txoj kev mus rau tus naj npawb ntawm oscillations multiplied los ntawm 4.
2. Yog hais tias ib tug lej pendulum muab nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem, ces nrog lub paub qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev thiab ntev ntawm cov xov, koj yuav nrhiav tau lub amplitude, uas yuav sib npaug zos rau cov khoom ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws ceev thiab lub square root ntawm qhov ratio ntawm qhov ntev mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg dawb acceleration. Cov mis no zoo ib yam li cov mis rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua lej pendulum.
Tsuas yog qhov siab tshaj plaws yog siv 2p.
Hauv kev sib npaug, qhov amplitude yog txhua yam uas tau sau ua ntej lub cosine, sine lossis omega sib txawv.
Zoo kawg
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, nws tau hais txog yuav ua li cas lub amplitude ntawm oscillations qhia thiab seb nws pom li cas. Lub ntsiab lus no tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm ib feem loj ntawm cov txheej txheem oscillatory, tab sis qhov no tsis txo nws qhov tseem ceeb. Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj kev nkag siab txog qhov amplitude yog dab tsi, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov duab kom raug thiab daws qhov sib npaug.
