Simplification yog qhov yooj yim ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm, tsis hais txog kev ua haujlwm. Nws yog feem ntau lees paub tias lo lus no yog siv nyob rau hauv ib qho teeb meem ntawm unacceptable simplification ntawm qhov teeb meem nqe lus. Cov kab hauv qab yog kev txhob txwm tshaj tawm ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov nuances.
Production issue
Simplification yog ib hom kev tsim qauv, lub hom phiaj yog los txo cov naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim thiab tsim cov khoom, hom khoom ntawm cov khoom tiav, cov khoom siv, thiab lwm yam. Cov naj npawb ntawm cov khoom tsim. thiab cov khoom sib xyaw yog coj los ua technically thiab economically ua tau thiab txaus los tso cov khoom nrog cov qauv zoo. Ua daim ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab thawj theem ntawm lwm yam, ntau cov qauv ntawm kev tsim qauv, yooj yim hloov tau los ntawm kev lag luam pom los ntawm kev ua kom yooj yim, ua kom yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los, warehousing, thiab workflow.
Kev yooj yim yog ib qho haujlwmtsom rau kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom zoo li no uas tau lees paub tias tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv thiab siv hauv kev tsim khoom hauv zej zog. Kev xaiv thiab simplification yog ua nyob rau hauv parallel. Lawv ua ntej los ntawm kev faib cov khoom, lawv qhov qeb duas, kev ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb ntawm lub peev xwm yav tom ntej thiab kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom uas xav tau.
qauv qauv
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim qauv (kev ua haujlwm rau kev siv cov qauv, cov cai thiab cov qauv kom ua tiav qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab) tau ua tiav nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov txuj ci lossis lawv tus kheej sib txawv. Object conversion method in standardization:
- Simplification (qhov no yog qhov kev txwv tsis pub muaj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom tso cai siv, tsim cov cuab yeej siv hauv kev ua haujlwm kom yooj yim li sai tau).
- Kev xaiv (xaiv cov khoom tshwj xeeb tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv rau kev tsim khoom ncaj qha).
- Kev Koom Tes (kev tswj hwm ntawm ntau haiv neeg los ntawm kev txo qis, piv txwv li, albums ntawm cov khoom raug, cov khoom tiav, cov ntaub ntawv tswj xyuas).
- Typification (prototyping ntawm cov qauv, cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv, cov qauv kev cai).
- Systematization (kev faib tawm tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom tsim qauv).
- Kev ua kom zoo (nrhiav qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab kev lag luam ntsuas, lub hom phiaj yog kom ua tiav qib uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab ua kom zoo dua).
- Parametric sib txawv (distributionCov khoom los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntau: qhov hnyav, qhov loj, lub zog).
- Kev sib koom ua ke (kev txo qis hauv cov naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tib lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm).
Structural simplification
Ib txoj kab ke suav tias yog cov txheej txheem uas muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog ib leeg. Qhov yooj yim ntawm tag nrho implies qhov yooj yim ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev paub teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib tug systematic mus kom ze. Xav txog tias lub tswv yim ntawm "kev yooj yim" txhais tau tias tsis suav nrog qee cov ntsiab lus, vim tias tag nrho cov duab tau txais kev ua haujlwm tshiab, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej hauv kev xav, kev koom tes ntawm txhua yam ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus yuav raug soj ntsuam hauv cov kab ke: cov qauv, subsystems., kev sib txuas.
Tsuas txo cov naj npawb ntawm cov khoom mus rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ua tau yog ib hom kev sib koom ua ke. Simplification feem ntau yog siv los txo cov naj npawb ntawm nomenclature ntawm ib qho kev txhim kho ntawm cov qauv.
Yam kev sib koom ua ke
Thaum lub sijhawm ua kom yooj yim, tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus uas suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab tsim nyog tau tso tseg. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov yooj yim yog ib feem tuaj yeem yog:
- intratype;
- qauv loj;
- intertype.
Lub koom haum ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no suav nrog txhua yam ntawm kev tsim khoom. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo, cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum koom nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom tsim khoom.los yog cov ntaub ntawv khiav. Lub koom haum teeb meem rau kev yooj yim, uas zoo li ib tug yooj yim kev txwv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug yooj yim ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tag nrho cov departments nyob rau hauv lub nruj tswj ntawm lub taub hau ntawm standardization department.
Nyob hauv profitability
Piv txwv ntawm kev ua kom yooj yim: cov nyiaj tau los sai dua, txo cov nqi khoom siv, txhim kho kev npaj. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, kev txuag nyiaj los ntawm ib ntus khiav cov txheej txheem yooj yim yog kwv yees li 5% ntawm tus nqi tsim khoom. Lub SSS system, nyob rau hauv Russia nws stands rau "specialization, standardization, simplification", lub tom kawg ua rau ib tug yooj yim ntawm kev tsim khoom los ntawm kev tshem tawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg cov cuab yeej, thiab qhov no kuj siv rau cov ntaub ntawv, qhia thiab txiav txim stocks ntawm cov khoom tiav.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam tau ua tiav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib koom ua ke: xaiv, ntaus ntawv, yooj yim, qeb duas, faib thiab ua kom zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav.
Kev yooj yim yooj yim
Nov yog daim ntawv sau los yog tsab cai. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev pab qhia ntawv. Txawv Teb Chaws (hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas) muaj ib phau ntawv hu ua "Kev tsim kom muaj zog ntxiv los ntawm kev ua kom yooj yim, kev tsim qauv, thiab kev tshwj xeeb." Qhov no piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqa lub system kom txuag nyiaj ntau tshaj plaws thaum ua kom ntseeg tau qhov tseeb ntawm txhua lub hauv paus. Tus nqi ntawm simplification yog loj heev raucov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom.
Kev ua tiav qhov tseeb tuaj yeem hu ua kev tsim:
- txwv cov npe rau cov khoom kawg;
- qauv qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tswj;
- albums ntawm cov khoom tsim zoo sib xws.
txheej txheem tsis sib xws
Kev txhim kho ntawm tus qauv yog txuam nrog qhov xav tau kom kov yeej cov teeb meem thematic uas qhia txog thaj tsam ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev. Rau txhua qhov kev xaiv, lub ntsiab lus tsim nyog tau txais yog xaiv.
Tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov yooj yim yog qhov tsis sib xws, nrog lub sijhawm txwv tsis pub muaj. Piv nrog rau kev sib koom ua ke, nws qhov tsis zoo sib xws yog dav dua, kev yooj yim tsis ncua kev kawm ntawm cov cuab yeej technology, thiab tsis txhawb kev qhia txog cov tshiab. Cov txheej txheem ruaj khov zoo li no yuav siv sij hawm mus rau kev tsim cov khoom tshiab, tab sis kev hloov kho tshiab nws tus kheej tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tsuas yog thaum txhua hom kev tsim qauv thiab kev koom ua ke ua haujlwm ua ke.
Qee lub sij hawm, thaum ua raws li tus qauv, tsis tas yuav ua cov thev naus laus zis lossis tsim kev hloov pauv rau cov khoom lag luam uas twb muaj lawm. Yog tias cov khoom lag luam raug suav nrog hauv ib tus qauv, cov npe no tsuas yog txwv (hauv cov ntaub ntawv, nws cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm yog tus qauv) - qhov no yog qhov yooj yim.
Opposite cov hom phiaj
Kev txiav txim ntawm cov khoom tsim qauv tshwm sim vim qhov systematization, optimization, simplification, xaiv, ntaus ntawv. Qhov txawv ntawm txhua txoj kev yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev siv nyob rau hauvtxhua qhov kev hloov pauv.
Qhov txawv ntawm kev xaiv thiab kev yooj yim yog dab tsi? Thawj txoj kev yog ua raws li kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom uas, raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab los yog tus kws tshaj lij, tau lees paub tias tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom ntxiv, thiab qhov thib ob version ntawm kev tsim qauv, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tshawb nrhiav cov khoom tsis tsim nyog los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas. Yog li ntawd, ob qho tib si txheej txheem tsuas yog ua tau ua ke.
Qhov no yog tib txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav qhov kev cia siab rau kev siv thiab tsim cov khoom tshuaj ntsuam xyuas: thawj GOST rau stamped txhuas cov khoom siv tau sib npaug rau kev tsim cov lauj kaub, uas dhau los ua ntau dua 50 tus qauv ntau thiab tsawg. Tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas, nws tau txiav txim siab tias yuav tsum tau txo cov hom mus rau 22 units. Qee lub thawv tau raug cais tawm (1, 7, 1, 3, 0.9 l), tawm hauv cov khoom tsim nyog tshaj plaws (1 thiab 1.5 l).
