Nyob rau tiam 21, coob leej nug ntau yam lus nug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog hom lus thiab lub teb chaws. Tib neeg mus ncig, thiab tsis muaj kev paub yooj yim hauv txhua txoj kev. Yog li ntawd, lus Askiv yog siv los ua hom lus thoob ntiaj teb. Yooj yim dua, kawm ib hom lus txawv teb chaws - thiab mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb yam tsis ntshai kev nkag siab yuam kev.
Puas yog lus Lavxias thiab pes tsawg tus lus Askiv?
Yuav luag txhua tus paub tias muaj peb qhov kev faib loj. Nws tsis nyuaj, vim thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no, txhua yam lus, muaj xws li kev faib.
Muaj pes tsawg lub sijhawm nyob hauv Lavxias?
- Kev ua yav tom ntej.
- Nyob tam sim no, tam sim no thiab tam sim no.
- Thiab yav dhau los, qhov chaw ua ntej.
Tab sis txhua tus muaj nws tus yam ntxwv, ntxiv.
lus Russian
Nws yog ib qho kev kawm nyuaj thiab nyuaj tshaj plaws. Qee zaum txawm cov neeg Lavxias xav tsis thoob los ntawm nws txoj cai.
Rau qee yam, ntau tus neeg tsis ntseeg thaum lawv nug tias muaj pes tsawg lub sijhawm nyob hauv Lavxias.
Yog koj saib los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv uas peb tau siv, muaj peb yam. Tab sis yog tiassim tawg tenses rau hauv pab pawg, nws yuav tig tawm zoo ib yam li lus Askiv.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nco ntsoov tias cov lus qhia hauv peb hom lus Lavxias tau muab faib ua ob pawg:
Daim ntawv zoo meej - qhia ua tiav qhov kev ua lossis qhov tshwm sim
Cov lus qhia zoo li no muaj ob hom tenses, ua tib zoo mloog qhov no thiab nco ntsoov:
- Yav Tom Ntej (kawm, hloov pauv).
- Yav dhau los (kawm, hloov).
2. Imperfect - Ua kom pom cov txheej txheem ntev lossis ua haujlwm uas rov ua dua tab sis tsis qhia ua tiav.
Qhov zoo li no yooj yim dua, tsis muaj kev zam:
- Yav tom ntej (Kuv yuav tshawb nrhiav, kuv yuav ntes, lawv yuav xav).
- Real (nrhiav, ntes, xav).
- Ntxhais tau tshawb nrhiav, ntes tau, xav).
Tsim cov ntawv qhia lus
Hauv Lavxias, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm raug tsim nrog kev pab ntawm cov lus kawg thiab hloov pauv raws li poj niam txiv neej, tus lej thiab tus neeg. Cia wb mus saib seb muaj pes tsawg qhov lus qhia muaj nyob hauv Lavxias.
| Past | Real | Yav Tom Ntej | |||||
| Unit | Plural | Unit | Plural | Unit | Plural | ||
|
Nyob zoo genus |
Kev tsim kho |
Ciav Kev tsim kho |
1st person | Think | xav | Kuv yuav pw | Cia peb pw |
|
Txiv neej genus |
Kev tsim kho | 2nd neeg | Think | Think | Koj yuav pw | Koj yuav pw | |
|
Medium genus |
Kev tsim kho | 3rd person | Think | Think | Yuav pw | Yuav pw | |
Kev tsim ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej
Cov lus qhia saum toj saud tsim cov ntawv sib txawv kiag li.
thawj (daim ntawv zoo meej) yog tsim ua tsaug rau tus kheej qhov xaus ntawm cov lus lossis ntau ntau: invent - Kuv yuav tsim, tsim, tsim.
Qhov thib ob (daim ntawv tsis zoo) yog qhov nyuaj dua, txij li cov lus qhia yuav raug ntxiv rau lawv:
dabneeg - Kuv yuav npau suav, Kuv yuav npau suav, Kuv yuav npau suav.
Tus qauv ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no
Tsis txhob hnov qab tias daim ntawv ntawm kev nruj no tsuas yog muaj nyob hauv cov lus qhia tsis zoo. Nws kuj yog tsim los tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm tus kheej endings thiab nyob ntawm lub 1st los yog 2nd conjugation (ntseeg - ntseeg, ntseeg, ntseeg, ntseeg).
1st conjugation - ut(-ut), -u(-u), -eat, -eat, -et, -ete.
2nd conjugation - at (- yat), -it, -im, -ite, -ish, -u(-u).
Pass Tense Device
Ntau tus neeg xav tias muaj pes tsawg lub sijhawm dhau los hauv Lavxias? Lub sij hawm yog ib qho, tab sis kev zam muaj ntau.
Cov hom thawj thiab thib ob yog qhov zoo sib xws hauv kev kawm. Los ntawm lo lus (infinitive) raws li nws yoglub suffix -l- yog "glued" thiab qhov kawg ntawm poj niam los yog tus lej ntxiv.
Kev zam yog nyob rau hauv qee lo lus txiv. p., peb lub ntsiab lus -l- ploj:
(nqa - nqa, nqa, nqa, nqa).
Yog li peb teb cov lus nug ntawm pes tsawg lub sijhawm nyob hauv Lavxias. Muaj peb yam, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis ua rau nws yooj yim kawm.
English
Tam sim no koj yuav tsum paub nws ntawm qib siab. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv, tab sis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb uas peb tsis tau siv.
Tenses hauv lus Askiv kuj tau muab faib ua peb pawg:
- Thaum dhau los, ib yam dab tsi rov qab tsis tau.
- Yav tom ntej, qhov peb npau suav ntawm.
- Tam sim no thiab tam sim no.
Tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej pawg:
- Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws (Yooj Yim), zoo, nws tsis yooj yim dua, tiag tiag.
- Zoo, zoo li qhov tshwm sim.
- Nruam, txuas ntxiv, tsuas yog txheej txheem.
- Perfect Continuous, nws yog tag nrho ua ke: txheej txheem thiab qhov tshwm sim.
Past
Past Simple
Denotes tsuas yog ib qho kev ua nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw yav dhau los.
- Cov kab lus zoo (kev lees paub) yog tsim los siv cov ntsiab lus (kev kawm) + lus qhia hauv 2nd f. los yog hauv thawj ntxiv -ed.
- Cov lus tsis zoo yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv cov lus qhia ua tsis tau.
- Cov lus nug yog tsim nrog cov lus qhia ua, tsuas yog muab tso ua ntej qhov kev kawm.
Sijhawm siv los qhia qee yamkev ua lossis cov xwm txheej tsis tu ncua yav dhau los. (Nws sawv thaum 7:00 sawv ntxov nag hmo. - Nws sawv thaum 7 teev nag hmo.)
2. Yav tas los tsis tu ncua.
Qhia txog tus txheej txheem uas tau ua yav dhau los ntawm lub sijhawm.
- Cov kab lus lees paub yog tsim los siv cov pab yog lossis yog thiab -ing- rau cov lus qhia.
- Nyob rau hauv negation, cia li ntxiv -not thiab tau wasn't / weren't.
- Nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug, txav cov lus txhawb nqa mus rau thawj qhov chaw.
3. Past Perfect.
Qhov kev nruj no yog siv thaum peb xav txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev txiav txim uas tau xaus ua ntej ib qho taw qhia yav dhau los.
- Cov lus pom zoo (zoo) kab lus raug tsim los ntawm Had + ch. 3rd form.
- Nyob rau hauv qhov tsis zoo, qhov tsis yog txuas nrog rau cov lus qhia pab, piv txwv li peb tus pab.
- Cov lus nug yog tsim raws li kev lig kev cai: los ntawm kev hloov cov lus qhia pab rau thawj qhov chaw, nws tau los ua, zoo li nws yog, tus huab tais.
4. Yav tag los Perfect Continuous.
qhov kev nruj no tsis tseem ceeb, thiab feem ntau cov neeg siv tsis tau ntxiv lawm, tab sis yog tias nws tseem muaj, nws tsim nyog kawm thiab paub cov qauv sau ntawv.
Daim ntawv no zoo ib yam li yav dhau los, tab sis cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tiav yog qhov tseem ceeb dua ntawm no. Piv txwv li:
Peb tau ua haujlwm ntev heev thiab yog li ntawd tuaj yeem xa daim ntawv raws sijhawm (thawj ntu ntawm kab lus yuav yog Past Perfect Continuous).
- Cov kab lus zoo yog tsim los siv muajtau + verb nrog -ing.
- Nyob tsis lees - twb tsis tau + -ing.
- Hauv cov lus nug, qhov particle (tus pab) tau muab tso ua ntej, tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab lus thiab tau + ch. -ing.
Qhov txawv thiab qhov zoo sib xws ntawm hom lus
- Hauv lus Askiv yeej ib txwm muaj qee lo lus txiav txim hauv kab lus, hauv Lavxias peb tuaj yeem hloov nws.
- Nyob rau hauv peb haiv neeg Lavxias teb sab, muaj ib tug nruj kev faib ua poj niam txiv neej, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv teb chaws lo lus no tsis tseem ceeb, lawv tsis txawv nruab nrab poj niam txiv neej.
- English has articles.
- Cov tswv cuab tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus tseem ceeb nyob ntawd, tab sis hauv Lavxias tsis tsim nyog.
Muaj pes tsawg lub sijhawm nyob hauv Lavxias rau cov neeg txawv tebchaws? Muaj tsuas yog peb ntawm lawv, ib yam li rau peb cov neeg Lavxias. Cov qauv sau ntawv tsis hloov, txhua yam zoo ib yam. Tab sis ntau tshaj li ib nrab, kwv yees li 70%, ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws xav txog lawv hom lus los ua "lub hlwb tawg". Yog li ntawd, kawm lus Askiv, tsis yog ntshai thiab nyuaj li Russian.
Tips
Koj tuaj yeem kawm cov qauv lus Lavxias rau tus neeg txawv tebchaws ntawm koj tus kheej. Nws tsis nyuaj yog tias koj siv cov peev txheej zoo:
- Nyeem phau ntawv ua lus Lavxias.
- Saib cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab yeeb yaj kiab nrog lossis tsis muaj sub titles.
