Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich, uas nws biography thiab kev ua hauj lwm yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no, yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb thiab loj Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog lub npe hu ua ib tug pej xeem daim duab, publicist, publisher, collector ntawm antiquities thiab sau ntawv. Nws cov kev tshawb fawb tau pab txhawb rau kev txhim kho ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb, thiab nws txoj kev tshawb fawb yog ib lo lus tshiab hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.
Qee qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej
Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich, uas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm no, tau ua neej nyob ntev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig (1800-1875). Nws yog tus tub ntawm ib tug serf suav S altykov, tab sis nws tau txais ib tug dawb kev kawm ntawv thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub Kws qhia ntawv ntawm keeb kwm thiab Philology ntawm Moscow University. Ntawm no nws tiv thaiv nws tus tswv thesis thiab dhau los ua tus xibfwb.
Nws qhia keeb kwm hauv tebchaws thiab ntiaj teb, thiab tsis ntev Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, uas tau tsim hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab.charter nyob rau hauv 1835. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab qee lub sijhawm nws raug yuam kom tawm ntawm qhov no. Qhov no tshwm sim xyoo 1844 vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no. Txij thaum ntawd los, Pogodin tau mob siab rau nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb, kev sau xov xwm thiab kev ua si hauv zej zog. Los ntawm 1820 txog 1850 nws tau luam tawm cov ntawv sau tseg.
Ua haujlwm nrog cov peev txheej
Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich yog lub npe hu ua tus sau ntawm Lavxias teb sab qub txeeg qub tes. Nws sau cov ntawv qub thiab ntau yam tsis tshua muaj. Nws ua tib zoo piav qhia thiab tshaj tawm lawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tej hauj lwm tau fruitful rau keeb kwm science. Tom qab tag nrho, tsuas yog lub sijhawm ntawd nws tau ntsib nws lub hnub qub. Yog li ntawd, kev taw qhia ntawm cov peev txheej rau hauv kev tshawb fawb yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin pib sau nws sau rov qab rau xyoo 1830. Nws pom ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom qub: icons, dluab, seals, autographs ntawm cov neeg nto moo, cov ntawv qub, suav nrog cov khoom siv. Tag nrho cov no hu ua "Drevleshranie".
Kev ua lag luam
Tus neeg keeb kwm tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab medieval Lavxias teb sab. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws cov xim yog qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv 1825 nws sau nws tus tswv lub thesis "Rau Keeb Kwm ntawm Russia". Cov lus nug no txaus siab rau nws vim nws nyob hauv nws uas nws pom qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj hauv kev ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm peb lub teb chaws thiab Western European lub xeev. Yog li ntawd, nws tau sib cav txog qhov kev kov yeej uas tau tshwm sim hauv thaj av no nrog txoj haujlwm muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeebVarangians nyob rau hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv 1834 Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich tiv thaiv nws thib ob dissertation "Nyob rau hauv lub Chronicle ntawm Nestor", nyob rau hauv uas nws piav txog qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txaus siab rau cov lus nug ntawm cov laj thawj rau kev nce ntawm Moscow. Thiab thawj tus kws sau keeb kwm tau tsim txoj kev xav ntawm "sau lub zog" los ntawm nws cov thawj coj.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws
Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich tsim nws tus kheej kab sib chaws ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Russia. Lub ntsiab lus pib rau nws yog qhov tau hais los saum toj no hu ua Varangians. Txawm li cas los xij, tib lub sijhawm, nws tau hais tias Slavic yam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim lub xeev. Nws ua tiav thawj lub sijhawm no nrog kev kav ntawm Yaroslav, rau lub sijhawm uas nws tau hais txog qhov kawg tsim ntawm Lavxias lub xeev. Nws txiav txim siab ciam teb ntawm theem thib ob los ntawm kev ntxeem tau ntawm Mongol-Tatars thiab tsim lub Horde quab yuam. Lub sijhawm tom ntej, Moscow, nws tau hais txog lub sijhawm mus txog thaum pib ntawm kev kav Peter I. Thiab thaum kawg, Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin hu ua lub sijhawm tam sim no lub sijhawm ntawm lub tebchaws originality, thaum hais lus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog kev tshem tawm ntawm kev ua qhev.
Kev sib piv ntawm keeb kwm hauv tebchaws thiab ntiaj teb
Tus kws tshawb fawb tau nthuav tawm ntau qhov kev xav zoo txog cov yam ntxwv sib txawv thiab txawv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab Russia. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, lawv yav dhau los muaj ntau qhov sib piv: feudalism thiab lub appanage system, nws cov tom ntej tsis muaj zog thiab ntxiv dag zog rau monarchical hwj chim. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws tshawb fawb tau sib cav tias txawm tias muaj qhov sib xws, cov dab neeg no yuav tsis cuam tshuam. Nws thiaj lituaj txog qhov xaus tias peb lub teb chaws tab tom txhim kho txoj kev tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog ua tau vim qhov tseeb tias lub xeev tau tsim los ntawm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, thiab tsis yog los ntawm kev kov yeej. Thiab yog li ntawd, lub teb chaws Ottoman tau raug pov hwm tawm tsam cov kev hloov pauv uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab av loj thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.
Ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm keeb kwm
Tus sau, hauv paus ntsiab lus, tau nyob ze rau Slavophiles, txij li thaum kawg kuj tau hais txog txoj hauv kev qub ntawm Russia txoj kev loj hlob. Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin tau tsim muaj kwv yees li tib lub tswv yim hauv nws cov ntawv sau. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb yog, kab tias, "Kev Tshawb Fawb, cov lus thiab cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm." Nws tau muab qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov kev qhuab qhia no hauv kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev coj noj coj ua, vim nws pom nyob hauv nws tus neeg saib xyuas thiab tus saib xyuas ntawm pej xeem kev coj noj coj ua. Nws ntseeg tias tsis muaj laj thawj rau kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam hauv peb lub tebchaws, txij li cov neeg tau mob siab rau kev ywj pheej, kev ntseeg Orthodox thiab lawv hom lus. Yog li, tus kws tshawb fawb tau mus txog qhov kev xav ntawm kev nom kev tswv, uas tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.
About rulers
Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich, uas nws cov duab tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm, ntxiv rau keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab keeb kwm yav dhau los, kuj tau koom nrog yav tom ntej. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ntau tus kav. Yog li ntawd, nws suav hais tias lub reign ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai theem ntawm txoj kev mus rau lub tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev. Tus kws sau keeb kwm zoo siab rau Petus txoj kev hloov pauv, ntseeg tias lawv qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej tau tshwm sim ua ntej pib ntawm nws txoj kev kav. Yog li, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Pogodin yog qhov tseem ceebqhov chaw nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws historiography.
