Txhua lub tsev muaj cov khoom siv hauv tsev, rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv xws li freon. Cov khoom no, lub npe hu ua cov tub yees zoo heev, yog siv rau hauv txhua lub tub yees, ua tsaug uas nws tuaj yeem khaws cov zaub mov thiab npaj zaub mov rau lub sijhawm ntev dua li qhov kub thiab txias. Kab lus no yuav qhia koj tias freon yog dab tsi, yam khoom nws yog, nws siv qhov twg, nws muaj qhov kub thiab txias.
Discovery keeb kwm
Ntau qhov chaw muab ob hnub rau thawj freon synthesis - 1928 thiab 1931. Nws yog qhov tseeb dua los xav txog xyoo 1928 raws li hnub yug ntawm lub tub yees no. Nws yog thaum ntawd tus kws tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tuam txhab Frigidaire, uas yog lub koom haum ntawm General Motors Corporation, Thomas Midgley, tau coj tawm "miracle substance" thiab muab nws lub npe "freon". Tom qab ntawd, lub tuam txhab engineers koom rau hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov roj no tau qhia lub npe Freon-12 li "R" (hauv kev txhais lus, "Refrigerant" stands for refrigerant or cooler). Hnub thib ob los ntawmNws yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees rau kev koom nrog cov tsos ntawm freon, txij li thaum xyoo 1930 Kinetic Chemical Company tau tsim, nws cov dej num yuav tsum tau tsom rau kev tsim cov khoom no.
Freon - yog dab tsi?
Ib qho sib xyaw ntawm ethane thiab methane ua fluorine-muaj derivatives ntawm qis molecular hnyav hydrocarbons, qhov twg hydrogen atoms tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm fluorine, chlorine, bromine. Dav siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov tub yees (tub yees, freezers, cua txias, thiab lwm yam). Ntau tus neeg nug cov lus nug, puas yog freon roj lossis kua? Cov lus teb kom raug: ib yam khoom muaj peev xwm muaj ob lub xeev ntawm kev sib sau.
hom freon tshaj plaws
Kev tshawb fawb paub ntau dua 40 hom tshuaj no, feem ntau tau txais kev lag luam. Freon kub, thaum nws boils, txhua yam muaj nws tus kheej:
- R11 - trichlorofluoromethane (nrog rau qhov kub ntawm 23.8 ° C).
- R12 - difluorodichloromethane (bp -29.8 °C).
- R13 - trifluorochloromethane (bp -81.5 °C).
- R14 - tetrafluoromethane (qhov kub ntawm -128 ° C).
- R134A - tetrafluoroethane (bp -26.3 °C).
- R22 - chlorodifluoromethane (bp -40, 8 °C).
- R600A - isobutane (bp -11.73 °C).
- R410A - Chlorofluorocarbonate (Bp -51.4°C).
Raws li txoj cai, cov tub yees hauv tsev khiav ntawm freon (freon) hom R-22, hauv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam siv hom R-13.
Freon yog ib yam khoom txaus ntshai rau tib neeg?
Yuav luag txhua yam ntawm cov khoom nomuaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub tsis zoo, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li siv rau hauv cov khoom cua txias ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, uas yog lub zog thawb hauv cov roj cartridges, cua fresheners thiab lwm yam aerosols. Yog li ntawd, thaum txau, lub tog raj kheej nws tus kheej yog txias, thiab freon nkag mus rau hauv huab cua. Yog hais tias lub tub yees tsis tau rhuab mus rau 250 degrees (cov tshuaj lom neeg raug tso tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias), nws tsis muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg, uas tsis tuaj yeem hais txog txheej txheej ozone. Cov khoom lwj ua kom puas tsuaj. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov ozone qhov yog kev tsim thiab siv freon nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm chlorine thiab bromine ions. Kev xau ntawm cov khoom no hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsis tuaj yeem hnov qab lossis pom qhov muag, koob me me tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tus neeg.
Txhawm rau kho lub ntiaj teb txheej txheej ozone thiab txo qhov tsim cov freons txaus ntshai, UN lub teb chaws tau kos npe thiab pom zoo rau Montreal raws tu qauv.
Dab tsi yog freon hauv cov tub yees txias?
Cov tub yees niaj hnub compressor tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub chamber nrog cov evaporator tso rau hauv, uas suav nrog cov tub yees. Cov khoom no, thaum boiling thiab evaporating, yuav siv sij hawm tshav kub los ntawm lub chamber thiab, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm condensation, hloov nws mus rau ib puag ncig. Vim li no, huab cua txias mus rau qhov xav tau qhov kub thiab txias, thiab cov roj rov qab mus rau lub compressor thiab hloov nws lub xeev ntawm kev sib sau ua kua. Freon nyob rau hauv lub tub yees tsuas yog nyob rau hauv no evaporator. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaw lus, vim tias qhov txias ntawm lub tub yees chav yuav siv qhov chaw.installation.
Yuav ua li cas nkag siab txog qhov xau ntawm freon los ntawm lub tub yees
Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov khoom no yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm raug ntawm cov khoom siv. Freon leakage ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv thiab tsis muaj peev xwm siv nws rau nws lub hom phiaj. Qhov feem ntau ua rau ntawm qhov teeb meem no yog kev puas tsuaj rau lub evaporator raj lossis lub Hoobkas tsis raug. Vim tias nws yog ib qho tsis hloov pauv, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw, nws tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm olfactory receptors.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov cim qhia los ntawm kev xau tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau. Freon nyob rau hauv lub tub yees yog nyob rau hauv siab, thiab thaum lub evaporator raj puas lawm, nws maj mam pib poob. Yog li ntawd, huab cua kub nce nyob rau hauv lub tub yees thiab lub freezer, thiab cov khoom pib deteriorate sai sai. Qhov no yog thawj lub cim qhia tias koj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub ntsuas cua txias. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, freon tsis txaus ntshai rau tus neeg ntawm qhov kub tsis siab tshaj 250 degrees, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom sov rau qhov kub hauv tsev.
Ntau tshaj cov tub yees xau
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov no yog cov yeeb nkab txuas. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev soldering, microcracks tuaj yeem tsim ob qho tib si vim kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov khoom siv, thiab vim lub Hoobkas tsis raug. Freon leaks kuj muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov kav dej sib txuas ntawm cov evaporator ntawm lub tub yees thiab lub tub yees. Lub foob tseem tuaj yeem pom ntawm txoj kab rov qab uas txuas lub plawv ntawm lub tub yees thiab cov evaporator.
Yuav kho li cas?
Refilltub yees freon nyob hauv tsev yam tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij yog tsis yooj yim sua. Txij li thaum txoj haujlwm no yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv (lub tshuab nqus tsev twj, lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub tshuab xa hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov ntsuas hluav taws xob, cov hlau nplaum, cov flux tshwj xeeb). Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nws, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas zoo ib yam li lub ntsuas hlau. Tom qab tus tswv txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab kaw qhov chaw no, tshem tawm cov pa tawm, cov pa roj uas tseem tshuav tau muab tso tawm nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev twj thiab rov ua dua. Filling tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub tog raj kheej roj rau qhov haum nyob rau ntawm lub casing ntawm lub tub yees compressor los ntawm lub raj capillary, qhov kev sib txuas yog tsim los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb airtight.
Tom qab ntawd, cov freon hauv lub tub yees pib rov zoo dua, thiab qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav tau teeb tsa raws li cov qauv rau cov khoom siv tub yees.
