Ib ntu ntawm chemistry suav nrog kev siv qee yam tshuaj. Muab qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj reagents yog cov khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, qee qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lawv qhov chaw cia.
7 pab pawg
Tshuaj reagents ntawm pab pawg no tau nce toxicity, yog li muaj qee qhov kev xav tau rau lawv qhov kev tso kawm. Lawv nyob hauv ib qho kev nyab xeeb tshwj xeeb nyob hauv chav kuaj. Tus pab muaj tus yuam sij rau nws, nrog rau tus kws qhia chemistry.
Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm, txwv tsis pub khaws cov tshuaj chemical reagents, thiab hauv cov chaw soj nstuam ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, lawv qhov kev tso cai tsuas yog muaj kev txiav txim tshwj xeeb los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tus neeg pabcuam hauv lub chaw soj nstuam khaws cov ntaub ntawv nruj ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj no, ua rau nkag rau hauv phau ntawv xov xwm tshwj xeeb.
Daim npe ntawm cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tso cai hauv tsev kawm chav kuaj
Cia peb teev cov tshuaj inorganic tseem ceeb uas tau tso cai rau kev sim ua qauv qhia hauv chemistry hauv tsev kawm ntawv:
- yam yooj yim: metallic sodium, crystalline iodine, kua bromine;
- caustic soda, oxideshlau thiab non-metals;
- ntsev, suav nrog cov sib xyaw ua ke, dichromates thiab chromates;
- acid daws.
organic teeb meem
Cia peb nco txog cov organic reagents thiab cov tshuaj uas tus kws qhia ntawv chemistry tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov txuj ci ua haujlwm hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv:
- aniline;
- organic acids;
- benzene;
- phenol;
- formalin.
Reagent kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum
Kev nyab xeeb tau teeb tsa hauv chav kuaj chemistry, tsim los khaws cov pab pawg 7 reagents, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov ntawv hlau. Nws tseem raug tso cai rau nruab ib lub qauv ntoo yog tias sab nraud ntawm kev nyab xeeb yog upholstered nrog hlau, lub thickness ntawm uas yuav yog tsawg kawg yog 1 hli.
Muaj qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb. Muab hais tias cov tshuaj reagents yog qhov muaj kev phom sij ntau ntxiv, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw nyob hauv qab qhov chaw nyab xeeb kom nws thiaj li yooj yim tshem tawm thaum muaj hluav taws kub.
Daim Ntawv Teev Cov Tshuaj nrog Kev Ua Haujlwm Siab Zoo
Ntawm cov reagents uas muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws, peb tuaj yeem hais txog hlau zinc, calcium, lithium, calcium oxide thiab hydroxide, hlau nitrates, potassium iodide, potassium permanganate, zinc compounds. Xws li cov tshuaj reagents yog cov khoom phom sij, yog li kev sim nrog lawv tsuas yog tso cai nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ncaj qha ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv.
Kuj suav nrog hauv cov npe yog cov tshuaj organic xws li diethyl ether, acetone, cawv, cyclohexane, chloroform, roj av. Xws li reagents yog cov khoomuas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub paj hlwb, yog li ntawd lawv raug cais tawm ntawm cov npe tshuaj siv hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm zoo tib yam rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sim ua haujlwm.
Hauv chav kawm, tsuas yog 8 pawg ntawm cov tshuaj reagents raug tso cai (hauv qab xauv thiab qhov tseem ceeb), uas yog siv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab kev sim ua haujlwm. Xws li reagents yog cov khoom uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Piv txwv li, kev daws ntawm sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, calcium chloride.
Cov lus qhia khaws cia rau cov tsev kawm ntawv me
Hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv me me nyob deb nroog uas tsis tas yuav muaj chaw tshwj xeeb rau chav kuaj, yuav tsum tau them tshwj xeeb rau kev khaws cov tshuaj reagents. Piv txwv li, ib qho kua qaub reagent nyob rau hauv uas cov concentration ntawm cov khoom nquag tshaj 50 feem pua yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab yas kaw thiab khi.
Alkalis nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom ntawm kev sib sau ua ke yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm cov kua qaub, nrog rau lub luag haujlwm khaws cia ntawm lub Hoobkas ntim. Lub raj mis qhib cov dej qab zib los yog cov poov tshuaj yuav tsum kaw kom nruj, ces muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab yas los yog lub thawv uas kaw nruj nreem nrog lub cork.
Tsuas yog aqueous ammonia thiab hydrochloric acid muaj lub siab vapor siab, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas qhov nruj ntawm lawv cov ntim. Raws li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb ntxiv thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj reagents, kev siv cov ntsaws ntsaws ntxiv, cov hnab yas rau ib lub thawv raug txiav txim siab.
Yog tias tsis muaj qhov chaw rau cais qhov tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj reagents ntawm pawg 2, 5, 6, lawv qhov kev sib koom ua ke hauv ib lub txee raug tso cai. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub txee cais yuav tsum tau faib rau txhua pawg. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog tso cov tshuaj reagents ntawm pawg 5 rau saum txee, hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem tso cov rhawv zeb nrog cov tshuaj ntawm pab pawg 6, muab cov tshuaj reagents ntawm pawg 2 hauv qab ntawm lub txee.
Zoo kawg
Nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv uas yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj reagents rau cov kev kawm thiab kev ua ub no, muaj ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb raws li qhov chaw tshwj xeeb tau faib rau lawv. Cov khoom siv hauv chav kuaj classic siv los ua cov tshuaj hauv tsev yog lined nrog cov ntaub ntawv polymer niaj hnub uas tiv taus qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw ua phem.
Thaum tsis muaj qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo li no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom npog tag nrho cov sab hauv ntawm lub txee nrog cov roj pleev xim rau hauv 2-3 txheej, ua rau sab ntawm cov txee, qhov siab ntawm qhov yuav tsum yog 3 cm.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov txee los ntawm dej nkag, ob peb txheej ntawm polyethylene zaj duab xis tau muab tso rau ntawm lawv. Kev tso cov rooj tog zaum hauv chav kuaj chemistry yog ua raws li cov cai nruj ntawm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws.
Nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm chav kuaj lossis ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm chav chemistry, yuav tsum muaj cov lus qhia tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tau pom zoo thiab kos npe los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, tuav lub koom haum foob.
