Muaj ntau ntau pawg ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Lawv qhov kev faib tawm yog nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog hom zaub mov. Heterotrophs, autotrophs - yog dab tsi? Peb yuav pom cov lus teb hauv kab lus.
noj yog ua neej
Khoom noj yog ib qho cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov metabolism thiab lub zog hloov pauv, kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj cov as-ham. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txhua lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov tsiaj qus hauv lawv tus kheej tau yoog kom tau txais lawv.
Ntau yam khoom noj ntawm kab mob
Autotrophs thiab heterotrophs yog cov pab pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm hom khoom noj khoom haus. Qhov thib ib yog suav nrog cov nroj tsuag thiab cyanobacteria, qhov thib ob suav nrog tsiaj txhu thiab fungi.
Heterotrophs muaj peev xwm noj tau cov khoom npaj ua tiav. Lawv yog cov organic (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) thiab inorganic. Mineral ntsev yog cov piv txwv ntawm tom kawg. Tsiaj txhu rau lawv txoj kev hloov pauv muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov koom haum nyuaj. Cov kab mob yooj yim tshaj plaws, xws li ciliates lossis amoeba, muaj cov kab mob hauv plab. Lub plab hnyuv hydra muaj cov hlwb ntawm tib lub npe. hauv cov ntses thiabarthropods twb tau tshwm sim tshwj xeeb hauv nruab nrog cev. Tab sis qhov zoo tshaj plaws digestive system muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog cov kab mob, tab sis kuj ntawm cov qog, cov enzymes uas pab zom cov molecules loj ntawm biopolymers. Tsuas yog cov kab mob parasitic tsis xav tau qhov system no. Lawv txuas lawv tus kheej mus rau txoj hnyuv thiab nqus cov khoom noj uas twb tau ua lawm.
Autotrophs: nws yog dab tsi
Yog koj txhais lo lus no los ntawm Greek, nws yooj yim to taub tias yuav tham dab tsi. "Auto" txhais tau tias "tus kheej", "trophos" - "khoom noj". Tseeb tiag, cov kab mob no tsim cov khoom tsim nyog rau lawv tus kheej.
Autotrophs yog cov kab mob uas siv lub zog ntawm hnub ci hluav taws xob kom tau txais cov carbohydrates. Tab sis qee qhov xwm txheej yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim.
Lub ntsiab ntawm photosynthesis
txheej txheem no tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv cov plastids ntsuab - chloroplasts, uas txiav txim siab cov xim sib xws ntawm qee cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev. Ib qho yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej kuj tseem muaj lub teeb, dej thiab carbon dioxide.
Cov nroj tsuag yog autotrophs uas ua rau cov tshuaj lom neeg nyuaj. Tab sis nws cov ntsiab lus yog yooj yim: carbohydrate, qabzib thiab oxygen tau txais los ntawm dej thiab carbon dioxide. Lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv qhov xwm txheej tsis tuaj yeem raug overestimated. Tom qab tag nrho, autotrophs yog cov kab mob uas ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua pa ua tau, thiab yog li muaj tag nrho lub neej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
Photosynthesis yog txheej txheem nyuaj uas tshwm sim hauv ob theem. Thawj qhov tshwm sim hauv ntiaj tebQhov thib ob - nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, tab sis ib txwm nyob rau hauv chloroplasts ntawm nplooj ntsuab. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide nkag mus rau hauv lawv los ntawm qhov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg integumentary hu ua stomata. Nrog rau lawv cov kev pab, ua pa thiab transpiration kuj tshwm sim - cov evaporation ntawm cov dej los ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Glucose, tau los ntawm photosynthesis, yog ib qho yooj yim carbohydrate - monosaccharide. Yog hais tias cov molecules ntawm cov tshuaj no tau rov ua ke, ib tug complex biopolymer ntawm starch yog tsim. Nws yog nws leej twg tso rau hauv cia los ntawm cov nroj tsuag "rau ib hnub los nag." Qhov no piav qhia qhov tseeb tias tag nrho cov zaub mov cog muaj ntau cov carbohydrates, uas yooj yim pib tawg hauv lub qhov ncauj.
Thiab tom qab ntawd cov lus nug tshwm sim tam sim: puas autotrophs lawv tus kheej ua pa? Tom qab tag nrho, cov txheej txheem no yog qhov opposite ntawm photosynthesis. Tau kawg, yog, vim cov nroj tsuag muaj sia. Qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub yog tias qhov kev siv ntawm lawv tso tawm cov pa oxygen ntau dua li cov pa roj carbon dioxide. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tso cov nroj tsuag sab hauv tsev hauv chav uas lub hnub ci tsis nkag mus, lawv tsuas yog ua pa xwb. Nws yog undesirable nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob.
Leej twg yog chemotrophs
Autotrophs tsis yog tib pab pawg neeg muaj peev xwm tsim tau "khoom noj" rau lawv tus kheej. Lawv yog chemotrophs. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov khoom tsim nyog, lawv tsis siv lub hnub ci, tab sis lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas. Cov no suav nrog cov kab mob nitrogen-fixing nodule uas tsim ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm legume thiab cereal tsev neeg. Cov kab mob sulfur kuj paub dav.
Lawv oxidize cov tshuaj sib txuas, thiab lub zog ua haujlwm yog siv rau kev ua neej nyob.
Mixotrophs thiab complexities ntawm taxonomy
Tab sis muaj tshwj xeeb "cunning" kab mob. Pom zoo, tsis yog ib txwm muaj xwm txheej rau photosynthesis. Kev qhuav dej los yog tsis muaj teeb pom kev zoo yog qhov teeb meem loj rau nws cov dej ntws. Thiab muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm tsis muaj cov khoom npaj ua organic. Nws yuav yooj yim heev los ua ob qho tib si autotroph thiab heterotroph tib lub sijhawm - los tsim kev sib xyaw ntawm kev pub mis. Tab sis nws puas ua tau? Muaj tseeb tiag. Mixotrophs - lub npe hu ua kab mob uas muaj ob qho tib si chloroplasts thiab muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov tshuaj npaj tau. Ib qho piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm qhov no yog unicellular euglena ntsuab.
Lub hnub qub yog tsob ntoo carnivorous, tab sis nws yeej yog autotroph. Raws li heterotroph, nws ua los ntawm kev pub rau nws cov tsiaj nyeg los ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tshwj xeeb.
Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog hom khoom noj khoom haus uas yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov kab mob mus rau cov nroj tsuag lossis tsiaj hauv zej zog. Piv txwv li, lub unicellular alga Chlamydomonas nquag txav vim muaj cov flagella, thiab muaj lub teeb-rhiab qhov muag. Ua cas tsis yog tsiaj? Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv nws lub cell yog ib tug horseshoe-shaped chloroplast, uas txiav txim siab nws teej tug mus rau lub nceeg vaj cog.
Qhov teeb meem nyuaj nrog nceb. Lawv tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm photosynthesis, tsis muaj plastids thiab tsis khaws cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Tab sis txoj kev sib txuas ntawm lub neej, kev loj hlob tsis muaj kev txwv thiab muaj lub cell membrane tsis tso cai rau peb hu rau lawv cov tsiaj. Yog li ntawd, taxonomistsmuab lawv tso rau hauv nyias lub tebchaws.
Autotrophs yog cov kab mob zoo kawg nkaus. Raws li ib tug intermediary ntawm lub hnub thiab lub ntiaj teb, lawv ua rau lub neej nyob rau hauv peb ntiaj chaw ua tau.
