Japanese cov qauv sau ntawv rau cov neeg pib kawm cov lus zoo li yooj yim. Muaj tseeb ntau zaus yooj yim dua hauv Lavxias, Askiv lossis German. Tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tib neeg thiab tus lej hauv nws, thiab tseem tsis muaj poj niam txiv neej thiab poj niam txiv neej. Qhov txawv txav rau peb, cov teeb meem nrog cov hauv paus no tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum pib.
Yuav kom nkag siab qhov lus ntawm qhov ncauj, nws txaus los cim txog peb puas qhov kev tsim kho nrov. Qhov no yog ib qho qhia meej ntawm cov qauv lus Nyij Pooj theem pib li cas.
Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws los ntsib thaum pib yuav yog lo lus txawv txawv hauv kab lus.
kab lus
Cov ntsiab lus ib txwm nyob ntawm qhov pib ntawm kab lus (precedes tus predicate), thaum lub predicate tsuas yog tom kawg ntawm kab lus (los yog ua ntej kev hwm copula desu nyob rau hauv lub formal style). Cov lus ua haujlwm tau sau tom qab lo lus tseem ceeb, thiab cov tswv cuab theem nrab ntawm kab lus raug sau ua ntej cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Lo lus txiav txim ib txwm tseem meej thiab tsis hloov pauv.
Cov ntsiab lus meej meej, cov lus sib txuas thiab cov khoom feem ntau raug tshem tawm (ob leeg hais thiab sau). Koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov lus qhia lossis cov ntsiab lus,tshwj tsis yog nws cuam tshuam tag nrho lub ntsiab lus ntawm kab lus.
Sau qauv
Japanese yog kev sib xyaw ntawm peb tsab ntawv. Lawv muaj kev sib raug zoo, yog li kev paub ntawm txhua tus yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Hieroglyphs tsis yog ib pawg duab xwb. Lawv ua raws li tej kev cai lij choj, raug tsim ua pab pawg. Tej yam yooj yim hieroglyphs feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm ntau qhov nyuaj. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus cwj pwm nyuaj qee zaum tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov khoom yooj yim.
Vim tias cov cim (kanji) tau txais los ntawm Suav nyob rau xyoo pua rau, cov neeg Nyij Pooj yuav tsum tau ntxiv qhov xaus, hais thiab sib txuas rau lawv txhawm rau hloov lawv mus rau Japanese accents, morphology thiab syntax. Txhawm rau sau lawv, cov lus hiragana yog siv, uas txhua lo lus ntawm haiv neeg Nyij Pooj tau sau. Tsis tas li, hiragana tuaj yeem siv los nyeem hieroglyphs, hais thiab xaus (okurigana), complex kanji. Cov neeg Nyij Pooj uas kawm lawv hom lus hauv tsev kawm lossis ntawm lawv tus kheej siv hiragana rau cov lus piav qhia.
Cov tsiaj ntawv katakana tau tsim los sau cov lus qiv, cov ntsiab lus, npe thaj chaw thiab thaj chaw, npe menyuam yaus, npe thiab npe ntawm cov neeg txawv tebchaws. Tsawg dua, nws ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li Lavxias teb sab.
Nyob hauv yuav luag txhua kab lus, cov qauv lus Nyij Pooj ze ze txuas tag nrho peb hom kev sau.
Hieroglyph yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm lo lus hauv paus hauv Lavxias. Hiragana nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog prefixes, xaus thiab ntau lub ntsiab lus, thiab katakana yog cais cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tsis-Japanese.keeb kwm.
Japanese Grammar: Nta ntawm Tenses
Hauv Nyij Pooj, tsuas muaj yav dhau los thiab tam sim no-lub neej yav tom ntej tenses. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj daim ntawv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tense. Txhawm rau qhia txog kev ua lossis cov xwm txheej uas tseem tsis tau tshwm sim, cov lus cim tau siv: "hauv ib teev," "tag kis tav su," "lub hli tom ntej," "ib xyoos tom qab," thiab lwm yam. Kab lus yog sau los yog hais nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tam sim no. Kev siv cov lus cim yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, vim lawv qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua rau nws nyuaj rau nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tau hais.
Cov kab lus uas tham txog kev ua yav tom ntej lossis cov xwm txheej pib nrog lub sijhawm los yog kwv yees (hnub, lis piam, hli, xyoo) thiab xaus nrog lub sijhawm tam sim no.
Japanese Phonetics
Txhua lub suab lus yog tsim los ntawm tsib lub suab (a, i, y, e, o), uas tsim cov suab lus nrog cov consonants (k, s, t, n, m, p, x). Tsuas muaj tsib yam ntawm cov suab lus hauv txhua kab. Qhov kev zam yog tus consonant "n", thiab "o" nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv accusative, lub suab "va", "ya", "yu", "yo"
Yog tias koj tsis quav ntsej cov kanji thiab tsom mus rau kev kawm ntawm cov lus hais xwb, cov qauv sau ntawv ntawm cov lus Nyij Pooj yuav zoo li yooj yim heev. Nws tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab thiab kev ntxhov siab, ib yam li hauv Suav, tsis muaj lub suab uas nyuaj rau kev hais tawm. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua rau cov tub ntxhais kawm hais lus Lavxias kom tau txais kev siv lub suab ntawm Japaneselus tshaj lus Askiv. Cov yav tas feem ntau muaj teeb meem nrog kev hais lus ntawm qee cov lus.
