Cov kws tshawb fawb zoo hauv Soviet tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov, physicist thiab pej xeem daim duab. Nws yog ib tug ntawm thawj sau tej hauj lwm ntawm kev siv ntawm ib tug thermonuclear cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog li ntawd nws yog ntseeg hais tias Sakharov yog "txiv" ntawm lub hydrogen foob pob nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Sakharov Anatoly Dmitrievich yog ib tug kws qhia ntawv ntawm USSR Academy ntawm Sciences, xib fwb, kws kho mob ntawm lub cev thiab lej sciences. Xyoo 1975 nws tau txais Nobel Peace yam khoom muaj nqis.
Tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau yug los hauv Moscow thaum lub Tsib Hlis 21, 1921. Nws txiv yog Sakharov Dmitry Ivanovich, kws kho mob. Thawj tsib xyoos Andrei Dmitrievich kawm hauv tsev. Qhov no tau ua raws li 5 xyoos ntawm kev kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, qhov twg Sakharov, nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm nws txiv, tau koom tes nrog physics, ua ntau yam kev sim.
Kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, ua haujlwm ntawm tub rog Hoobkas
Andrey Dmitrievich hauv xyoo 1938 tau nkag mus rau Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics ntawm Moscow State University. Tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, Sakharov, ua ke nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv, tau mus rau kev khiav tawm mus rau Turkmenistan (Ashgabat). Andrei Dmitrievich tau xav txog txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab quantum mechanics. Nyob rau hauv 1942 nws kawm tiav los ntawm Moscow State University nrog honors. Hauv universitySakharov raug suav hais tias yog tus menyuam kawm ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus uas tau kawm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv no.
Tom qab kawm tiav Moscow State University, Andrei Dmitrievich tsis kam nyob hauv tsev kawm tiav, uas xibfwb A. A. Vlasov qhia nws ua. A. D. Sakharov, tau dhau los ua ib tug kws tshaj lij nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv hlau science, raug xa mus rau ib tug tub rog cog nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Kovrov (Vladimir cheeb tsam), thiab ces Ulyanovsk. Cov xwm txheej ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj heev, tab sis nws yog lub sijhawm xyoo no uas Andrei Dmitrievich ua nws thawj qhov kev tsim khoom. Nws tau thov ib lub cuab yeej uas tso cai rau nws los tswj cov tawv tawv ntawm armor-piercing cores.
Kev sib yuav rau Vikhireva K. A
Ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv Sakharov tus kheej lub neej tshwm sim xyoo 1943 - tus kws tshawb fawb tau sib yuav Claudia Alekseevna Vikhireva (1919-1969). Nws yog los ntawm Ulyanovsk, ua hauj lwm nyob rau tib lub Hoobkas li Andrey Dmitrievich. Nkawd muaj peb tug me nyuam - ib tug tub thiab ob tug ntxhais. Vim yog tsov rog, thiab tom qab ntawd vim yog yug me nyuam, Sakharov tus poj niam tsis kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Vim li no, tom qab ntawd, tom qab Sakharovs tsiv mus rau Moscow, nws nyuaj rau nws nrhiav haujlwm zoo.
Postgraduate studies, Ph. D. thesis
Andrey Dmitrievich, tau rov qab los rau Moscow tom qab tsov rog, txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm hauv xyoo 1945. Nws nkag mus kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv nrog E. I. Tamm, ib tug paub zoo theoretical physicist uas qhia nyob rau hauv lub Physical Institute. P. N. Lebedeva. AD Sakharov xav ua haujlwm ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv 1947, nws Ph. D. thesis tau nthuav tawm. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog nonradiative nuclear kev hloov pauv. Nyob rau hauv nws tus kws tshawb fawbtau thov ib txoj cai tshiab raws li kev xaiv los ntawm kev them nqi parity yuav tsum tau ua. Nws kuj tau nthuav tawm ib txoj hauv kev los coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm positro thiab electron thaum yug los ua khub.
Ua haujlwm ntawm "khoom", kev sim ntawm lub foob pob hydrogen
Xyoo 1948, A. D. Sakharov tau suav nrog hauv pab pawg tshwj xeeb coj los ntawm I. E. Tamm. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los ntsuas qhov project hydrogen foob pob ua los ntawm Ya. B. Zel'dovich pawg. Andrei Dmitrievich tsis ntev los no nthuav tawm nws txoj haujlwm foob pob, uas cov txheej txheem ntawm ntuj uranium thiab deuterium tau muab tso rau ib puag ncig ib puag ncig atomic nucleus. Thaum lub atomic nucleus tawg, ionized uranium ua rau kom qhov ceev ntawm deuterium. Nws kuj nce tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thermonuclear, thiab nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cov neutrons ceev, nws pib faib. Lub tswv yim no tau ntxiv los ntawm V. L. Ginzburg, uas tau hais kom siv lithium-6 deuteride rau lub foob pob. Los ntawm nws, nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm qeeb neutrons, tritium yog tsim, uas yog ib tug heev nquag thermonuclear roj.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1950, nrog rau cov tswv yim no, Tamm pawg tau xa yuav luag tag nrho lub zog rau "khoom" - lub tuam txhab zais cia nuclear, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog Sarov. Ntawm no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project tau nce ntau heev vim tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hluas. Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv kev sim thawj lub foob pob hluav taws hauv USSR, uas tau ua tiav thaum Lub Yim Hli 12, 1953. Lub foob pob no hu ua "Sakharov's puff".
Xyoo tom ntej, Lub Ib Hlis 4, 1954, Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov tau los ua Hero ntawm Socialist Labor, thiab kujtau txais khoom plig rau Hammer thiab Sickle. Ib xyoo dhau los, xyoo 1953, tus kws tshawb fawb tau los ua tus kws tshaj lij ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences.
Kev sim tshiab thiab nws qhov tshwm sim
Pab pawg, coj los ntawm AD Sakharov, tau ua haujlwm ntxiv rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov roj thermonuclear siv hluav taws xob tau los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov nqi atomic. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1955, lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab tau sim ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau dhau los ntawm kev tuag ntawm ib tug tub rog thiab ib tug ntxhais, nrog rau kev raug mob rau ntau tus neeg uas nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov no, nrog rau kev tshem tawm ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw nyob ze, ua rau Andrei Dmitrievich xav txog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo uas tshwm sim atomic explosions. Nws xav paub tias yuav ua li cas yog tias lub hwj chim txaus ntshai no dheev tawm ntawm kev tswj hwm.
Sakharov cov tswv yim uas tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb loj
Ib txhij nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov foob pob hydrogen, Academician Sakharov, ua ke nrog Tamm, xyoo 1950 tau npaj lub tswv yim ntawm yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua tau cov hlau nplaum plasma kaw. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua qhov kev xam pom ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Nws kuj muaj lub tswv yim thiab kev suav rau kev tsim cov hlau nplaum zoo heev los ntawm compressing cov hlau nplaum sib nqus nrog lub plhaub cylindrical conductive. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau daws cov teeb meem no hauv xyoo 1952. Xyoo 1961, Andrei Dmitrievich tau thov kom siv laser compression kom tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thermonuclear. Sakharov cov tswv yim tau tso lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb loj hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog thermonuclear.
Ob kab lus los ntawm Sakharovntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm radioactivity
Nyob rau xyoo 1958, Academician Sakharov tau nthuav tawm ob tsab xov xwm txog kev phom sij ntawm cov xov tooj cua uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov foob pob tawg thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm noob neej. Yog li ntawd, raws li tus kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg, qhov nruab nrab lub neej expectancy ntawm cov pej xeem yog tsawg. Raws li Sakharov, yav tom ntej, txhua qhov megaton tawg yuav ua rau 10,000 tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav.
Andrei Dmitrievich hauv xyoo 1958 ua tsis tiav tau sim ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm USSR kom ncua sijhawm ncua sijhawm tshaj tawm los ntawm nws ntawm kev siv lub foob pob tawg. Xyoo 1961, lub moratorium tau tawg los ntawm kev sim ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws xob muaj zog heev (50 megatons). Nws yog kev nom kev tswv ntau dua li tub rog. Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov thaum Lub Peb Hlis 7, 1962 tau txais qhov khoom plig thib peb rauj thiab Sickle.
kev ua si hauv zej zog
Xyoo 1962, Sakharov tau nkag mus rau hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog lub xeev cov tub ceev xwm thiab nws cov npoj yaig txog kev tsim riam phom thiab xav kom txwv tsis pub lawv sim. Qhov kev tawm tsam no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo - hauv xyoo 1963, kev pom zoo tau kos npe hauv Moscow txwv tsis pub muaj kev sim riam phom nuclear hauv txhua qhov chaw peb.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias txawm tias nyob rau xyoo ntawd Andrei Dmitrievich qhov kev txaus siab tsis txwv tshwj xeeb rau kev siv hluav taws xob nuclear. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua haujlwm hauv kev sib raug zoo. Xyoo 1958, Sakharov tau hais tawm tsam cov phiaj xwm ntawm Khrushchev, uas tau npaj kom luv luv lub sijhawm ntawm kev kawm theem nrab. Ob peb xyoos tom qab, ua ke nrog nws cov npoj yaig, Andrei Dmitrievich relieved TD Lysenko ntawm Soviet.noob caj noob ces.
Sakharov hauv 1964 tau hais lus ntawm Academy of Sciences, uas nws tau hais tawm tsam kev xaiv tsa ntawm biologist N. I. Nuzhdin, uas thaum kawg tsis tau los ua ib tug. Andrei Dmitrievich ntseeg tias tus kws tshawb fawb biologist, zoo li TD Lysenko, yog lub luag haujlwm rau nplooj ntawv nyuaj, txaj muag hauv kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev.
Tus kws tshawb fawb xyoo 1966 tau kos npe rau tsab ntawv mus rau 23rd Congress ntawm CPSU. Nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv no ("25 Celebrities"), cov neeg nto moo tawm tsam kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm Stalin. Nws tau sau tseg tias "qhov kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws" rau cov tib neeg yuav yog ib qho kev sim ua kom rov ua kom muaj kev tsis txaus siab ntawm kev tsis pom zoo - ib txoj cai ua raws li Stalin. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Sakharov ntsib R. A. Medvedev, uas sau ib phau ntawv txog Stalin. Nws ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev xav ntawm Andrei Dmitrievich. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1967, tus kws tshawb fawb tau xa nws thawj tsab ntawv mus rau Brezhnev, uas nws tau hais tawm hauv kev tiv thaiv plaub tus neeg tawm tsam. Cov lus teb hnyav ntawm cov tub ceev xwm yog deprivation ntawm Sakharov ntawm ib qho ntawm ob txoj haujlwm uas nws tuav ntawm "khoom muag".
Manifesto tsab xov xwm, raug ncua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm "khoom"
Hauv xov xwm txawv teb chaws thaum Lub Rau Hli 1968 ib tsab xov xwm los ntawm Andrei Dmitrievich tau tshwm sim, uas nws tau xav txog kev nce qib, kev txawj ntse kev ywj pheej thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau hais txog kev phom sij ntawm ecological self-poisoning, thermonuclear kev puas tsuaj, dehumanization ntawm noob neej. Sakharov tau sau tseg tias yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov peev txheej thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Nws kuj tau sau txog kev ua txhaum cai los ntawm Stalin, hais txog qhov tsis muaj kev ywj pheej hauv USSR.
Nyob hauv kab lus no -manifesto, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tawm tswv yim rau kev tshem tawm cov tsev hais plaub nom tswv thiab kev censorship, tawm tsam kev tso cov neeg tawm tsam hauv cov chaw kho mob puas hlwb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tau ua raws li sai sai: Andrei Dmitrievich raug ncua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw zais cia. Nws poob tag nrho cov posts, ib txoj kev los yog lwm yam txuas nrog tub rog secrets. A. D. Sakharov lub rooj sib tham nrog A. I. Solzhenitsyn tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Yim Hli 26, 1968. Nws tau nthuav tawm tias lawv muaj kev xav sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv zej zog uas lub teb chaws xav tau.
Tuag poj niam, ua haujlwm ntawm FIAN
Tom qab los ntawm qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai hauv Sakharov tus kheej lub neej - thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1969, nws tus poj niam tuag, ua rau tus kws tshawb fawb nyob hauv lub xeev ntawm kev poob siab, uas tom qab ntawd muab txoj hauv kev rau kev puas siab puas ntsws uas ncav cuag ntau xyoo. I. E. Tamm, uas lub sijhawm ntawd yog tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm FIAN, tau sau tsab ntawv mus rau M. V. Keldysh, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no thiab, pom tseeb, kev nplua los ntawm saum toj no, thaum Lub Rau Hli 30, 1969, Andrei Dmitrievich tau cuv npe hauv chav haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum. Ntawm no nws tau ua haujlwm tshawb fawb, dhau los ua tus kws tshawb fawb laus. Txoj haujlwm no yog qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus kws tshaj lij Soviet tau txais.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm tib neeg txoj cai
Nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1967 txog 1980, tus kws tshawb fawb tau sau ntau dua 15 daim ntawv tshawb fawb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau pib ua cov haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib raug zoo, uas tsis ua raws li txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub voj voog. Andrei Dmitrievich pib thov kom tso tawm tib neeg txoj cai activists Zh. A. Medvedev thiab P. G. Grigorenko los ntawm cov tsev kho mob puas hlwb. Ua ke nrog R. A. Medvedev thiab physicist V. Turchin, tus kws tshawb fawb tau luam tawm "Memorandum ondemocratization thiab kev ywj pheej kev txawj ntse."
Sakharov tuaj rau Kaluga los koom nrog hauv kev xaiv lub tsev hais plaub, qhov chaw sim ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam B. Weil thiab R. Pimenov tau ua tiav. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1970, Andrei Dmitrievich, ua ke nrog cov kws kho mob A. Tverdokhlebov thiab V. Chalidze, tau tsim tsa Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tib Neeg Txoj Cai, uas nws txoj haujlwm yog los ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus uas tau teev tseg los ntawm Universal Tshaj Tawm ntawm Tib Neeg Txoj Cai. Ua ke nrog Academician Leontovich M. A. xyoo 1971, Sakharov tau hais tawm tsam kev siv kev puas siab puas ntsws rau kev nom kev tswv, nrog rau txoj cai ntawm Crimean Tatars rov qab los, kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ntseeg, rau German thiab Jewish emigration.
Marrying Bonner E. G., phiaj xwm tawm tsam Sakharov
Kev sib yuav rau Elena Grigorievna Bonner (xyoo ntawm lub neej - 1923-2011) tau tshwm sim hauv 1972. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau ntsib tus poj niam no xyoo 1970 hauv Kaluga thaum nws mus sim. Tau dhau los ua ib tus phooj ywg thiab cov phooj ywg ncaj ncees ntawm nws tus txiv, Elena Grigoryevna tsom Andrei Dmitrievich cov dej num ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm tib neeg. Txij no mus, Sakharov suav hais tias cov ntaub ntawv kev pab cuam yog cov ntsiab lus rau kev sib tham. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1977, tus kws tshawb fawb theoretical txawm li cas los xij tau kos npe rau ib tsab ntawv sau rau Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Pawg Sab Laj, uas tau hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau tshem tawm lub txim tuag, txog kev zam txim.
Xyoo 1973, Sakharov muab kev xam phaj rau U. Stenholm, tus xov tooj cua los ntawm Sweden. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws hais txog qhov xwm ntawm lub ces twb muaj lawm Soviet system. Tus Lwm Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws tau tshaj tawm lus ceeb toom rau Andrei Dmitrievich, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tuav lub rooj sib tham xov xwm rau kaum ib sab hnub poob.cov neeg sau xov xwm. Nws tsis lees paub qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev tsim txom. Cov lus teb rau qhov kev ua no yog ib tsab ntawv los ntawm 40 tus kws tshaj lij, luam tawm hauv Pravda ntawv xov xwm. Nws yog qhov pib ntawm kev tawm tsam phem tawm tsam pej xeem kev ua ub no ntawm Andrei Dmitrievich. Ntawm nws sab yog human rights activists, as well as Western zaum thiab politicians. A. I. Solzhenitsyn tau thov kom muab khoom plig rau tus kws tshawb fawb txog Nobel Peace yam khoom muaj nqis.
Thawj kev tshaib kev nqhis, Sakharov phau ntawv
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1973, txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam rau txoj cai ntawm txhua tus neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw, Andrei Dmitrievich tau xa tsab ntawv mus rau US Congress uas nws txhawb nqa Jackson kev hloov kho. Xyoo tom qab, R. Nixon, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tuaj txog hauv Moscow. Thaum nws mus ntsib, Sakharov tuav nws thawj zaug tshaib plab. Nws kuj tau muab kev xam phaj hauv TV los qhia rau pej xeem txog txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg raug kaw nom tswv.
E. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Fabkis humanitarian puav pheej tau txais los ntawm Sakharov, G. Bonner nrhiav tau lub Fund rau kev pab rau cov me nyuam ntawm cov neeg raug txim nom tswv. Andrei Dmitrievich hauv 1975 tau ntsib G. Tswb, tus kws sau ntawv German nto moo. Ua ke nrog nws, nws tau hais kom rov hais dua los tiv thaiv cov neeg raug kaw nom tswv. Tsis tas li ntawd xyoo 1975, tus kws tshawb fawb tau luam tawm nws phau ntawv nyob rau sab hnub poob hu ua "Nyob Hauv Tebchaws thiab Lub Ntiaj Teb." Hauv nws, Sakharov tau tsim cov tswv yim ntawm kev ywj pheej, kev tshem riam phom, kev sib koom ua ke, kev hloov pauv nyiaj txiag thiab kev nom kev tswv, thiab kev sib npaug ntawm cov tswv yim.
Nobel Peace yam khoom muaj nqis (1975)
Nobel Peace Prize tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus kws tshaj lij thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1975. Qhov khoom plig tau txais los ntawm nws tus poj niam, uas tau kho txawv teb chaws. Nws hais lusSakharov npaj los ntawm nws rau kev nthuav qhia ceremony. Nyob rau hauv nws, tus kws tshawb fawb tau hu rau "kev tshem riam phom tiag tiag" thiab "qhov tseeb detente", rau kev zam txim rau nom tswv thoob plaws ntiaj teb, nrog rau kev tso tawm thoob plaws txhua tus neeg raug kaw hauv lub siab. Hnub tom qab Sakharov tus poj niam tau tshaj tawm nws cov lus qhuab qhia Nobel "Peace, Progress, Human Rights". Hauv nws, tus kws tshaj lij tau sib cav tias tag nrho peb lub hom phiaj no muaj kev sib raug zoo rau ib leeg.
Kev foob, txuas
Txawm hais tias Sakharov nquag tawm tsam Soviet tsoom fwv, nws tsis raug foob kom txog rau thaum 1980. Nws tau muab tso rau tom ntej thaum tus kws tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab rau kev tawm tsam Soviet ntawm Afghanistan. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 8, 1980, A. Sakharov raug tshem tawm ntawm tag nrho tsoomfwv cov khoom plig uas nws tau txais ua ntej. Nws exile pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 22, thaum nws raug xa mus rau Gorky (hnub no nws yog Nizhny Novgorod), qhov chaw nws raug ntes hauv tsev. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia lub tsev hauv Gorky, qhov chaw uas tus kws qhia ntawv nyob.
Sakharov txoj kev tshaib kev nqhis rau E. G. Bonner txoj cai mus ncig
Lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1984, Andrei Dmitrievich tau mus tshaib plab rau txoj cai ntawm nws tus poj niam mus rau Tebchaws Meskas rau kev kho mob thiab ntsib cov txheeb ze. Nws tau nrog kev noj zaub mov mob thiab raug yuam mus pw hauv tsev kho mob, tab sis tsis tau ua tiav.
Lub Plaub Hlis-Cuaj Hlis 1985, qhov kev tshaib kev nqhis kawg ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv tau tshwm sim, ua raws tib lub hom phiaj. Tsuas yog thaum Lub Xya Hli 1985 yog E. G. Bonner tso cai tawm mus. Qhov no tshwm sim tom qab Sakharovxa ib tsab ntawv mus rau Gorbachev cog lus tias yuav tsum txwv nws qhov kev tshwm sim rau pej xeem thiab tsom mus rau kev tshawb fawb tag nrho yog tias kev mus ncig tau tso cai.
xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej
Nyob rau lub Peb Hlis 1989, Sakharov tau los ua Neeg Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Tebchaws Loj Tshaj Plaws ntawm USSR. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau xav ntau heev txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv kev nom kev tswv hauv Soviet Union. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1989, Sakharov tau nthuav tawm tsab cai lij choj raws li kev tiv thaiv tus kheej txoj cai thiab txoj cai ntawm tib neeg rau lub xeev.
Cov ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Andrei Sakharov xaus rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 14, 1989, thaum, tom qab lwm hnub tsis khoom siv nyob rau hauv Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev, nws tuag. Raws li qhov kev txiav txim autopsy tau pom, tus kws tshaj lij lub siab tau tawg tag. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, ntawm lub toj ntxas Vostryakovsky, "txiv" ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws hydrogen, nrog rau ib tug zoo heev fighter rau tib neeg txoj cai, raug faus.
A. Sakharov Foundation
Kev nco txog tus kws tshawb fawb zoo thiab cov pej xeem nyob hauv lub siab ntawm ntau tus. Nyob rau hauv 1989, Andrei Sakharov Foundation tau tsim nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, lub hom phiaj ntawm uas yog khaws cia lub cim xeeb ntawm Andrei Dmitrievich, txhawb nws lub tswv yim, thiab tiv thaiv tib neeg txoj cai. Xyoo 1990, lub Foundation tau tshwm sim hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Elena Bonner, tus poj niam ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv, yog tus thawj coj ntawm ob lub koom haum no tau ntev. Nws tuag rau lub Rau Hli 18, 2011 los ntawm lub plawv nres.
Nyob rau hauv daim duab saum toj no - ib tug monument rau Sakharov, ntsia nyob rau hauv St. Lub cheeb tsam uas nws nyob yog muaj npe tom qab nws. Soviet Nobel laureates tsis hnov qab, raws li muaj pov thawj los ntawm cov paj coj mus rau lawv monuments thiab graves.
