Dab tsi yog metabolism hauv biology: txhais

Cov txheej txheem:

Dab tsi yog metabolism hauv biology: txhais
Dab tsi yog metabolism hauv biology: txhais
Anonim

Ib yam yuav tsum muaj ua ntej rau kev muaj sia nyob yog qhov khoom noj tas li thiab tshem tawm cov khoom kawg ntawm kev lwj.

Dab tsi yog metabolism hauv biology

Metabolism, lossis metabolism, yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim hauv txhua yam kabmob uas muaj sia nyob kom tswj tau nws txoj haujlwm thiab lub neej. Cov lus teb no ua rau lub cev tsim, loj hlob thiab tsim tawm thaum tswj hwm nws cov qauv thiab teb rau ib puag ncig stimuli.

Dab tsi yog metabolism hauv biology
Dab tsi yog metabolism hauv biology

Metabolism feem ntau muab faib ua ob theem: catabolism thiab anabolism. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, tag nrho cov complex tshuaj yog tawg thiab ua yooj yim. Ntawm qhov thib ob, nrog rau cov nqi hluav taws xob, nucleic acids, lipids thiab proteins yog synthesized.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic yog ua los ntawm cov enzymes, uas yog cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg. Lawv tuaj yeem txo qhov ua kom lub zog ntawm lub cev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tswj cov txheej txheem metabolic.

Metabolic chains thiab Cheebtsam yeej zoo ib yam rau ntau hom, uas yog pov thawj ntawm kev sib sau ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm tag nrho cov nyob creatures. Qhov zoo sib xws no qhia kujCov tsos mob thaum ntxov ntawm evolution hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.

Kev faib tawm los ntawm hom metabolism

Dab tsi yog metabolism hauv biology tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no. Txhua yam muaj sia nyob uas muaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb no tuaj yeem muab faib ua yim pawg, coj los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm carbon, lub zog thiab oxidizable substrate.

Dab tsi yog metabolism hauv biology txhais
Dab tsi yog metabolism hauv biology txhais

Cov kab mob muaj sia tuaj yeem siv lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg lossis lub teeb ua khoom noj. Ob qho tib si organic thiab inorganic tshuaj tuaj yeem siv los ua oxidizable substrate. Lub hauv paus ntawm carbon yog carbon dioxide los yog organic teeb meem.

Muaj cov kab mob uas, nyob hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv, siv ntau hom metabolism. Nws nyob ntawm cov av noo, teeb pom kev zoo thiab lwm yam.

metabolism biology qib 8
metabolism biology qib 8

Multicellular kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tib lub cev muaj peev xwm muaj cov hlwb nrog ntau hom txheej txheem metabolic.

Catabolism

Biology tshuaj xyuas cov metabolism thiab lub zog los ntawm lub tswvyim xws li "catabolism". Lo lus no hais txog cov txheej txheem metabolic thaum lub sij hawm loj ntawm cov rog, amino acids thiab carbohydrates tau tawg. Thaum lub sij hawm catabolism, cov molecules yooj yim tshwm sim uas koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv biosynthetic. Nws yog ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem no uas lub cev muaj peev xwm txav tau lub zog, tig mus rau hauv daim ntawv siv tau.

Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob uas nyob los ntawm photosynthesis (cyanobacteria thiabcov nroj tsuag), cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hloov hluav taws xob tsis tso tawm lub zog, tab sis khaws cia, ua tsaug rau hnub ci.

biology metabolism thiab lub zog
biology metabolism thiab lub zog

Hauv cov tsiaj, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catabolism cuam tshuam nrog kev tawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyuaj rau hauv cov yooj yim dua. Cov tshuaj no yog nitrates thiab oxygen.

Catabolism hauv tsiaj tau muab faib ua peb theem:

  1. Splitting complex substances into simpler ones.
  2. Splitting yooj yim molecules rau hauv ib qho yooj yim dua.
  3. Tshuaj muaj zog.

Anabolism

Metabolism (qib 8 biology suav nrog lub tswv yim no) kuj yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm anabolism - txheej txheej txheej txheem metabolic ntawm biosynthesis nrog lub zog noj. Cov molecules nyuaj, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog ntawm cov qauv ntawm tes, yog ua los ntawm qhov yooj yim precursors.

Ua ntej, cov amino acids, nucleotides thiab monosaccharides yog synthesized. Tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab lus saum toj no dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv nquag vim yog lub zog ntawm ATP. Thiab nyob rau theem kawg, tag nrho cov active monomers tau ua ke rau hauv cov qauv nyuaj, xws li cov proteins, lipids thiab polysaccharides.

biology metabolism
biology metabolism

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tsis yog txhua yam kabmob muaj sia ua ke ua haujlwm molecules. Biology (metabolism tau piav qhia meej hauv kab lus no) cais cov kab mob xws li autotrophs, chemotrophs thiab heterotrophs. Lawv tau txais lub zog los ntawm lwm qhov chaw.

Lub zog los ntawm tshav ntuj

Dab tsi yog metabolism hauv biology? Txoj kev uas txhua yam muaj sia nyobHauv ntiaj teb, thiab paub qhov txawv ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob los ntawm cov teeb meem tsis muaj sia.

Hnub ci zog pub rau qee cov protozoa, nroj tsuag thiab cyanobacteria. Hauv cov neeg sawv cev no, cov metabolism tshwm sim vim yog photosynthesis - cov txheej txheem ntawm absorbing oxygen thiab tso carbon dioxide.

Molecules xws li hmoov txhuv nplej siab, cov proteins thiab cellulose tau tawg ua ntej lawv siv los ntawm cov hlwb. Kev zom zaub mov muaj cov enzymes tshwj xeeb uas zom cov proteins rau hauv cov amino acids thiab polysaccharides rau hauv monosaccharides.

biology zaj lus qhia metabolism
biology zaj lus qhia metabolism

Tsiaj txhu tsuas yog tso cov enzymes los ntawm cov hlwb tshwj xeeb. Tab sis microorganisms tso cov tshuaj no rau hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Txhua yam khoom uas tsim los ntawm cov enzymes extracellular nkag mus rau hauv lub cev siv "kev thauj mus los".

Kev tswj hwm thiab kev tswj hwm

Dab tsi yog metabolism hauv biology, koj tuaj yeem nyeem hauv kab lus no. Txhua yam kab mob yog yam ntxwv los ntawm homeostasis - qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm ib puag ncig sab hauv ntawm lub cev. Lub xub ntiag ntawm tus mob no tseem ceeb heev rau txhua yam kabmob. Txij li thaum lawv txhua tus nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ib puag ncig uas hloov pauv tas li, txhawm rau txhawm rau tswj xyuas cov xwm txheej zoo hauv cov hlwb, tag nrho cov kev cuam tshuam metabolic yuav tsum raug tswj kom raug thiab raug tswj hwm. Ib qho metabolism zoo ua rau cov kab mob muaj sia nyob mus ib puag ncig thiab teb rau nws cov kev hloov pauv.

History information

Dab tsi yog metabolism hauv biology? Lub ntsiab txhais yog nyob rau ntawm qhov pib ntawm tsab xov xwm. Lub tswvyim ntawm "metabolism" thawj zaugsiv los ntawm Theodor Schwann nyob rau hauv lub forties ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm txog cov metabolism hauv ntau pua xyoo, thiab nws txhua tus tau pib nrog kev sim mus kawm tsiaj txhu. Tab sis lo lus "metabolism" yog thawj zaug siv los ntawm Ibn al-Nafisa, uas ntseeg hais tias tag nrho lub cev yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tas li nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab lwj, yog li nws yog yus muaj los ntawm kev hloov tas li.

Zaj lus qhia txog biology "Metabolism" yuav nthuav tawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim no thiab piav qhia cov piv txwv uas yuav pab txhawb qhov tob ntawm kev paub.

Thawj qhov kev sim tswj ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov metabolism yog tsim los ntawm Santorio Santorio hauv xyoo 1614. Nws piav txog nws tus mob ua ntej thiab tom qab noj mov, ua haujlwm, haus dej thiab pw tsaug zog. Nws yog thawj zaug pom tias feem ntau ntawm cov zaub mov noj tau ploj thaum lub sijhawm "tsim evaporation".

Hauv kev tshawb fawb thawj zaug, tsis pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv metabolic, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov ntaub so ntswg nyob tau tswj hwm los ntawm lub zog muaj sia.

Nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum, Eduard Buchner tau qhia txog lub tswvyim ntawm enzymes. Txij thaum ntawd los, txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov metabolism pib nrog kev kawm ntawm cov hlwb. Lub sijhawm no, biochemistry tau dhau los ua kev tshawb fawb.

Dab tsi yog metabolism hauv biology? Cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem muab tau raws li hauv qab no - qhov no yog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg biochemical uas txhawb nqa lub neej ntawm lub cev.

Minerals

Cov tshuaj tsis muaj kab mob ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov metabolism. Tag nrho cov organic tebchaw yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov phosphorus, oxygen, carbon thiab nitrogen.

Feem ntau cov tshuaj inorganic tso cai rau koj los tswj cov qib siab hauv cov hlwb. Kuj lawv cov concentrationQhov zoo cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov leeg nqaij thiab paj hlwb.

Kev hloov pauv hlau (hlau thiab zinc) tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev thauj cov protein thiab enzymes. Tag nrho cov kab mob inorganic yog nqus los ntawm kev thauj cov proteins thiab tsis txhob nyob hauv lub xeev dawb.

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